Pond requirements: pond area 10 ~ 20 mu, water depth 2 ~ 2.5 meters, and silt thickness not exceeding 20 cm. Every 10 mu pond is equipped with 1 aerator and automatic bait feeder with power of 3kW; Pond cleaning: drain the pond water in winter and freeze it for more than 20 days. Clean and disinfect the pond with quicklime 150kg per mu on the water surface/kloc-0 ~ 20cm before stocking fish; Fish stocking: Before and after the Spring Festival, there were 300 grass carp, 300 crucian carp, 50 silver carp and 65438 bighead carp, with specifications of 200-250g/kg and 15-20/kg respectively. Soak and disinfect the fingerlings with 5% salt solution for 5 ~ 10 minutes before stocking; Feed feeding: The pellet feed with protein content of 28 ~ 32% is the main feed, supplemented by turquoise feed. Feed feeding follows the principles of "coarse before fine" and "four fixed and four views". Generally, feed it twice a day, and it is advisable to eat grass carp 80% full within 2 hours. After feeding pellet feed continuously for a period of time, pellet feed should be stopped 1 week, and raw grain feed should be fed at intervals. Usually pay attention to adding vitamins and other drugs to the feed to avoid a large number of grass carp deaths due to diseases such as hepatobiliary syndrome; Water quality management: use the aerator correctly, and start the aerator for 2 hours every afternoon 1 ~ 3, and aerate in time in the early morning; Oxygen should be added early in continuous cloudy days. Inject fresh water into the pond at the right time, and gradually control the water quality by adopting the method of "small row and small inlet, and changing water for many times". From June to September, add fresh water 1 time every 3-5 days, add water about 10cm each time, and sprinkle quicklime 1 time in the whole pool 10-20k g mud every120 days; Disease control: Feed grass carp "coarse first, then fine, fine and green" to control the occurrence of hepatobiliary syndrome. Common diseases of grass carp are erythroderma, gill rot and enteritis. Generally, oral administration is combined with external spraying, and external spraying is mainly based on disinfectants such as bleaching powder and chlorine dioxide, which lasts for 3 days. Oral "Sanhuang Powder" bait has better effect. Every 50 kg of fish weight, 0.3 kg of Sanhuang powder (50% rhubarb, 30% phellodendron bark and 20% scutellaria root, ground into powder and stirred evenly) was mixed into the batter and fed to the feed for 3-5 days. Timely fishing: timely fishing of large-scale adult fish is an important measure for high-yield culture of grass carp. The main purpose is to reduce the fish carrying capacity of pond water and promote the rapid growth of pond fish in the later stage. Generally, 1 time will be caught at the end of July, and it will be caught in the early morning when the water temperature is low. Grass carp has been eating grass since the young fish is 5 cm long. Grass carp weighing more than 250g can eat125 ~180g of grass every day. Therefore, when selecting feed for grass carp, we should control the following four levels: 1 to reduce the intake of aquatic plants. According to the experimental observation, grass carp can grow 1 kg meat by eating 1 kg terrestrial aquatic plants, and1kg meat by eating 60 ~ 80 kg aquatic plants. Therefore, in the case of sufficient sources of terrestrial aquatic plants, aquatic plants can be fed less or not.

2. Feed more fresh forage, which is rich in nutrition, less in cellulose and easy to digest. Eating fresh and tender forage grass for grass carp can make grass carp grow faster, have fewer diseases, reduce feeding quantity, reduce breeding cost and improve economic benefits. Therefore, grass carp feed should be as fresh and tender as possible. The forage species should be long Julia tender grass with parallel veins, and it is not suitable to feed grass carp with net veins. It is best to feed the planted ryegrass, Sudan grass and other grasses and the collected wild long-leaved tender grass. Usually, it is necessary to observe the grass grazing situation of grass carp and feed more grass that grass carp likes to eat to meet the needs of grass carp growth and development. 3. Feed grass carp properly. Feed grass carp regularly, adequately and evenly every day, and spread the forage so that the fish can eat well. The feeding amount should be adjusted according to the weather, water quality and fish activities. It is forbidden to feed forage that has been stored for a long time and is moldy and deteriorated, so as to avoid grass carp being infected with diseases. 4. Feed grass carp with different forage according to the size of fish. Grass carp in the juvenile stage, the caliber is small, so it can not be fed with coarse and hard forage. It is advisable to feed duckweed, sedge and other forage, or feed fresh and tender long-leaved grass after mowing. In the future, with the growth of fish age, the caliber will gradually increase, and it can be transferred to feeding conventional fresh forage. Generally, the traditional grass carp culture mode is one season a year, with manual mowing and artificial feeding, and the yield per mu is between 260-400 kg. This model has the advantages of high labor intensity, low output and low benefit. Liu Yuqing, a retired cadre of Qiao Liu Village, Guhe Township, Gaotang County, Liaocheng City, used the old bay pit abandoned in front of the door for many years to rebuild 2.5 mu of pond, and used artificial pellet feed to raise grass carp for two seasons a year, with an yield of 1.960 kg per mu and a net profit of 3,000 yuan per mu. This technology is now introduced as follows.

(1) Pond reconstruction: Choose a pond with sufficient water, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and perennial running water, and the water depth is between 1.5 ~ 2m.

(2) Disinfection of the pond: 65,438+05 days before the fry are released, wash the pond with 7 ~ 65,438+00 kg/mu of bleaching powder water, or splash 75 kg/mu of quicklime water all over the pond while it is hot.

(3) Fish pond stocking: The first season is around the Spring Festival, and the water temperature is 6 degrees Celsius. 600 grass carp per mu, with specifications of 350-400g/tail; Suitable for mixed culture of 500 bream, with the specification of 200 ~ 250g/ fish; 100 scaly fish with specifications of 300-400g/ fish; 20 bighead carp with the specification of 150 ~ 200g/ tail; Carp 100, the specification is100 ~150g/tail, so as to ensure that all of them can be listed before the Dragon Boat Festival. In the second season, after the Dragon Boat Festival, all 600 grass carp fingerlings were released, with the specification of 150 ~ 200g/ fish. Disinfect with 4% saline solution for 0 ~ 15 minutes before stocking to prevent various bacterial diseases and water mold.

(4) Feed selection and feeding method: Grass carp special pellet feed with protein content of 28% ~ 30% should be selected. The feeding method is 2% ~ 3% of the total weight of grass, bighead carp, scale and bighead carp in the pond in the early stage of culture, and should be changed to 5% ~ 6% in the late stage of L culture, and fed twice a day.

(5) Daily management: For high-density intensive ponds, it is mainly to maintain good and stable water quality, focusing on preventing hypoxia flooding.

(1) Replenish fresh water, stick to the small flow of water filling day and night, and increase the water filling amount when the floating head is serious.

(2) It is normal to patrol the pond early, starting from 5-6 am and disappearing after the sun comes out to sleep at 7-8 am. The heavy floating head starts at 3 o'clock in the morning. If measures are not taken in time, the fish will die in the pond at 5 ~ 6 o'clock. Therefore, it is necessary to get out of bed L at three o'clock in the middle of the night to patrol the pond, especially in Xiaoman and Mangzhong seasons. If the floating head is found to be heavy, measures such as replenishing fresh water and turning on the aerator should be taken in time to prevent flooding.

(3) The floating head of the aerator should be opened in time, which can be started at 5-6 am and stopped when the floating head disappears at 8-9 am. In the season of Xiaoman and Mangzhong, in case of thunderstorm and sultry weather, it should be started at midnight 12 and stopped at 8 ~ 9 o'clock the next day.

(6) Disease prevention: adhere to the policy of "prevention first, prevention is more important than treatment". When patrolling the pond, it is a sign of the disease if grass carp are found clustered at the water inlet and their bodies are black. At this time, spreading 1 mg/L bleaching powder all over the pond for 2 ~ 3 days can stop the disease. Generally, it does not get sick in the second season of breeding. spring

Parent fish breeding

1, improve the water quality of fish ponds in time, feed high-quality feed reasonably and strengthen the cultivation of parent fish. After overwintering, the water quality of parent fish ponds is generally aging and weakly acidic. When the water temperature of fish ponds gradually rises and stabilizes above 13 ~ 15℃, the water quality of fish ponds should be treated. The specific method is as follows:

(1) Replace the whole pond with 1/3 fresh water;

(2) Lowering the water level of the pond properly to facilitate the rapid increase of the water temperature in the pond;

(3) When the weather is clear, turn on the aerator at noon 1 ~ 2 hours for explosion;

(4) If necessary, use quicklime or microbial agents to improve the water quality of fish ponds.

2. Start eating early to accelerate the gonad development of parent fish.

3. Patrol the pond frequently to avoid floating head in the fish pond. The oxygen consumption of brooding parent fish is relatively high, so it is necessary to maintain high dissolved oxygen (4 ~ 5 mg/L) in the water quality of fish ponds, otherwise it will affect the development and maturity of parent fish. Once the pond water is short of oxygen, the parent fish will float, which will affect the maturity and spawning of the parent fish, and even lead to the failure of the parent fish, which will seriously affect the annual production.

4. Strengthen washing to promote the development and maturity of parent fish. When the water temperature is stable above 65438 05℃, strengthening the stimulation of water flow to parent fish is helpful to the development and maturity of parent fish and the smooth spawning of mature parent fish.

5. Effectively control the occurrence of fish diseases and strictly control the application amount of parent fish ponds. Some parent fish may suffer from frostbite and water mold after overwintering, so the dead fish should be fished out in time to avoid water pollution, and the whole pond should be sprayed with Shuimojing (100g/μm) in time to prevent water mold, and the application amount of parent fish pond should be strictly controlled. Excessive use and application of pesticides will affect the maturity and spawning of parent fish, and even affect the quality of fry hatched by spawning.

Adult fish culture

1, rainy weather often occurs in spring, and the air pressure is low, so the water body is easy to lack oxygen. At this time, the key points of water quality management are: strengthening the inspection of ponds, paying attention to the floating phenomenon of fish ponds, and starting the aerator to aerate in time; Replace and fill fish ponds with fresh water in time; Depending on the deterioration of the water quality of the fish pond, the whole pond is sprayed with quicklime or microbial agents to improve the water quality and maintain a good water quality environment of the fish pond.

2. After spring, the water temperature in the fish pond gradually rises, and the fish begin to eat. At this time, we should start eating as soon as possible, feed fresh and high-quality feed to ensure that fish can start eating early, promote physical recovery, enhance disease resistance, promote fish growth in time, and improve the yield and efficiency of aquaculture.

3. Take measures to prevent and treat diseases. After overwintering, some fish may suffer from frostbite and water mold. The following measures can be taken to prevent water mold:

(1) sprinkle Shui Mu net on the whole pond (100g/ mu);

(2) Galla chinensis juice should be sprinkled all over the pond to make the water concentration in the pond reach 4ppm.

summer

1, the pond is clean and tidy.

Generally, it shall be cleaned once every 1 to 2 years to remove 10-20 cm of sediment. While removing residues and sludge, 75 kilograms of quicklime should be used for disinfection every 667 square meters to completely eliminate harmful bacteria.

2. Fish disinfection

When stocking fish, we should adhere to drug soaking and disinfection. Generally, it is soaked in 4% ~ 5% salt solution for 5 ~ 10 minutes, and the water temperature 10~20℃.

3. Reasonable stocking

It should be done: in the same pond, there are more varieties and specifications of fish. Generally, fish accounts for 60% of the total stocking, and fatty fish accounts for 40%. Intensive cultivation and aerator should be planted densely, otherwise the seedlings should be planted thinly. Generally, 800~ 1000 fish are put into every 667 square meters of water.

4. Feeding science

When feeding and fertilizing, we should adhere to the four views and four decisions, that is, feeding depends on the season, the weather, the water quality and the feeding status of fish. At the same time, it should be timed, positioned, qualitative and quantitative to ensure that the fish are full, fresh and evenly eaten.

5, timely prevention and treatment of fish diseases

We must adhere to: early prevention without disease, early treatment with disease, and combination of prevention and treatment. Quicklime is a good medicine to prevent fish diseases. It can not only prevent diseases, but also regulate water quality and promote fish growth. Generally 15~20 days can be used once. The water depth per 667 square meters per meter can be about 15 kg.

6, floating head prevention

In sweltering and thunderstorm weather in midsummer, fish are easy to float and flood the pond. We should strengthen the patrol of the pond at night. Once the abnormal phenomenon is found, oxygen-increasing preventive measures should be taken immediately.

7. Matters needing attention

It is forbidden to plant water peanuts and water chestnuts in the pool, and it is forbidden to soak trees.