kidney stone
Calculi is caused by imbalance of colloid and crystal metabolism in the body, which is related to infection, nutritional metabolism disorder, foreign body in urinary system, urine stasis and geographical climate. Men are more prone to this disease than women. People over 30 are more likely to suffer from this disease than young people. It is rare for children to get this disease.
The pain may last for several days, and it will cause severe renal colic during the stone removal process. The painful part is kidney calculi's position. When there are few stones, there are no obvious symptoms, which can only be found by X-ray. When the stone is large, ipsilateral low back pain, renal colic and hematuria may occur. Kidney calculi occasionally gets stuck in the ureter, blocking the urine flow on one side. Kidney calculi's complication is acute pyelonephritis, which can lead to chronic renal failure in severe cases. The recurrence rate in kidney calculi is relatively high. Once you have a stone, you will grow a second stone.
Changing living habits can prevent and reduce the growth and occurrence of stones. There are several types of stones in kidney calculi. Once your doctor confirms your stone type, the following methods will help reduce the chance of recurrence.
Family therapy measures
● Drink plenty of water
No matter what kind of stones you have, the most important prevention method is to increase water intake. Water can dilute urine and prevent high concentration of salt and minerals from accumulating into stones. The appropriate amount of drinking water is 2 liters of urine a day, which is enough. If you work in the hot sun all day, you need to drink 2 gallons of water.
● Supplementing cellulose
Adding rice bran can prevent the occurrence of stones.
● Control calcium intake.
Stone bags are made of calcium or calcium-containing products. If your last calculus was mainly composed of calcium, you should pay attention to your calcium intake. If you are taking nutritional supplements, you need to consult your doctor first. The second is to check the daily intake of high-calcium foods, including dairy products such as milk, cheese and cream. Milk and antacids may produce kidney calculi.
Check your stomach medicine.
Some common acidulants contain a lot of calcium. If you have calcium stones and you are taking antacids, you should check the composition description of this drug to determine whether it contains high calcium. If the calcium content is high, you should use other drugs.
● Don't eat foods rich in oxalate.
About 60% stones belong to calcium oxalate stones. Therefore, we should limit the intake of foods rich in oxalic acid, including beans, beets, celery, chocolate, grapes, green peppers, parsley, spinach, strawberries and cabbage family vegetables. Also avoid alcohol, caffeine, tea, chocolate, dried figs, mutton, stone fruits, green peppers, black tea, poppy seeds and so on.
● Multi-activity
People who don't exercise often deposit calcium in their blood. Exercise helps calcium flow to the bones to which it belongs. Don't wait for stones to form all day, you should go for a walk or exercise outdoors.
● Hot compress
Hot compress, cupping and electrotherapy in kidney area can relieve pain. Frequent hot baths are also good for removing stones.
● eat foods rich in vitamin a.
Vitamin A is a necessary substance to maintain the health of the urethral lining, and also helps to prevent the recurrence of stones. Healthy adults need to take 5000 units (iu) of vitamin A every day. A cup of carrot can provide 155 iu of vitamin A. Other foods rich in vitamin A include broccoli, apricot fruit, cantaloupe, pumpkin and beef liver. Vitamin A is toxic at high doses. Therefore, the doctor's consent should be obtained before vitamin A supplementation. )
Pay attention to the intake of protein.
Kidney calculi's intake is directly related to protein. Protein is easy to cause uric acid, calcium and phosphorus in urine, leading to the formation of stones. If you have ever had calcium stones, you should pay special attention to whether you have taken too much protein, especially if you have a history of uric acid is too high or cysteamine stones. Limit eating180g of high-protein food every day, including meat, cheese, chicken and fish.
● Eat less salt
If you have calcium stones, you should reduce your salt intake. You should reduce your daily salt intake to 2-3 grams.
● Supplement nutrition.
① Magnesium oxide or magnesium chloride
500 milligrams a day. Reduce the absorption of calcium. Studies have found that taking magnesium every day can reduce the recurrence rate by 90%. Because both magnesium and calcium can combine with oxalic acid. But unlike calcium oxalate, magnesium oxalate is unlikely to form painful stones.
② Vitamin b6
10 mg twice a day. Combined with magnesium, b6 can reduce oxalate in urine, which is a common mineral salt in kidney calculi.
③ protein decomposing enzyme.
Dosage should be used between meals according to the product instructions. Help digestion to be normal.
④ Vitamin A emulsion or capsule
25,000 international units. Treatment of urethral lining injury caused by stones.
● Avoid L- cystine.
If you have a history of kidney calculi or are currently suffering from kidney calculi, avoid l- cysteamine. This accumulation of amino acids can crystallize in the kidney, producing large stones and blocking the inside of the kidney.
● Eat more watermelons.
Watermelon is a natural diuretic. Be sure to eat western food, and eat it alone, not with other foods. Watermelon has the function of cleaning the body, but it should not be eaten with other foods at the same time.
● limit the dosage of vitamin C.
If calcium oxalate stones are prone to occur, it is necessary to limit the dosage of vitamin C. More than 3-4 grams per day may increase the production of oxalic acid, thus increasing the chance of stones. Do not take high-efficiency vitamin C supplements.
● Don't take too much vitamin D.
Excessive vitamin D may cause calcium to accumulate in various parts of the body. The daily intake of vitamin D should not exceed 400iu stipulated by rda.
● Herbal tea
① Pyrrosia wintergreen tea
30 grams of pyrrosia, 30 grams of Malva, 30 grams of Lysimachia christinae, decocted in water, can remove stones.
② Corn silk tea
50g of corn stigma, 20g of plantain seeds, 0g of raw licorice10g, 500 ml to 400 ml of water decoction, and slag removal, three times a day.
③ sunflower heart tea
Sunflower stem length 100 cm, cut into 3 cm long pieces, decocted in water, daily 1 dose, total 1 month. Treating calculus with blood drenching.
● Health medicated diet
① Lotus root and winter melon soup
500g of raw lotus root nodes and 0/000g of wax gourd/kloc-were washed, sliced and boiled. Take it away within one day.
② Rock sugar walnut kernel
Rock sugar 120g, stir-fried walnut kernel 120g, * * * ground into fine powder, 60g each time, four times a day, and boiled water can soften stones.
③ Red bean porridge
50g of japonica rice, 50g of red beans and 20g of endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli are ground into powder. Boil porridge with japonica rice and red beans in water, mix in chicken gizzard-membrane powder when cooked, and add appropriate amount of sugar. Take it twice a day.
④ Fish brain stone powder
Grind 30 pieces of brain stone in the head of croaker into fine powder, divide it into 10 equal parts, and take it with boiling water, each time 1 part, three times a day.
⑤ ebony peach kernel
Five slices of dark plum a day, or 100g of raw walnut kernel a day, and drinking plenty of water can prevent and treat phosphate stones.
● Danger signal
If you have the following symptoms, please see a doctor:
* tingling, moving from the side of the body to the groin.
* Nausea with vomiting and sweating.
* Blood in the urine.
If accompanied by infection, there will be the following additional symptoms:
* I have a fever and feel cold.
* Frequent urination.
* Pain in urine, turbid urine and peculiar smell.
Paroxysmal acute pain in the waist or abdomen may also be a sign of other serious diseases, such as cholelithiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease or intestinal obstruction.
* You are experiencing dysuria or dysuria, which may also indicate cholecystitis, sexually transmitted diseases, vaginal diseases, gallbladder or prostate tumors, and you should seek medical attention immediately.
* You find gross hematuria, which may also indicate kidney disease, bladder or stomach tumor, or urinary or prostate inflammation (see prostate disease). You should seek medical attention immediately.
* The urine is gray and smelly.
● Medical common sense
Types and characteristics of kidney calculi
According to the different composition of stones, kidney calculi can be divided into calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid (urate) stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, cystine stones and purine stones. Most stones can be mixed with two or more ingredients. The characteristics of various gemstones are as follows:
(1) Calcium oxalate stones account for 80% ~ 84% of the stones, which are usually yellowish brown or copper in color, with smooth surface (calcium oxalate monohydrate) and rough surface (calcium oxalate dihydrate). Men have more common diseases and family history, which can be clearly seen on X-rays. Calcium oxalate crystals usually exist in urine sediments.
(2) Calcium phosphate stones: accounting for 6% ~ 9% of stones, the stones are white, with rough surface, often antlers and hard texture. It is usually formed in alkaline urine. Most of them are young and middle-aged men with family history, which can be seen clearly on X-rays.
(3) Uric acid (urate) stones: accounting for 6%- 10% of stones, with smooth surface, often antlers, yellow or brown color, hard texture, blurred X-ray film or no appearance. It is more common in men, especially gout patients, and usually has a family history. Uric acid crystals can be seen in urine sediment.
(4) Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones: accounting for 6%-9% of the stones, the stones are yellow or grayish black, dendritic or antlers, and the texture is soft. Women are more common, and there are more patients with urinary tract infection, which can't be seen by X-ray. Magnesium ammonium phosphate crystal can be seen in urine sediment.
(5) Cystine stones: accounting for less than 2% of stones, stones are yellow or white, the surface is smooth and round, X-rays are not easy to penetrate, and they are often formed in acidic urine. Cystine crystals can be seen in urine sediment.
(6) Xanthine calculus: This kind of calculus is rare, white or yellowish brown in color, fragile in texture, unable to penetrate X-ray, and generally formed in acidic urine.