First, laxatives.
1. Volumetric laxatives: These drugs are not absorbed by the intestine, but absorb water to expand, expand the volume of intestinal cavity, stimulate intestinal peristalsis, and then achieve the effect of relaxing bowels. This kind of medicine has mild curative effect and good safety, and is the first choice for patients with mild slow transit constipation. Commonly used drugs are magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, nonspecific bran, lactulose and so on. 2. Lubricating laxatives: These drugs can moisten and soften stools, thus relieving constipation symptoms. Suitable for patients with hemorrhoids, anal fissure, hypertension, anorectal surgery or long-term bed rest. Commonly used drugs are liquid paraffin, kaisailu and so on. 3. Osmotic laxatives: These drugs can increase the osmotic pressure in the intestinal cavity and make a large amount of water enter the intestinal cavity, thus playing the role of catharsis and relaxing bowels, and are suitable for patients with poor curative effect of volumetric laxatives. Commonly used drugs are mannitol, polyethylene glycol, lactulose and so on. 4. Irritating laxatives: These drugs can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and secretion, inhibit water absorption, and then relieve constipation symptoms. However, long-term use of these drugs will cause melanosis coli and nerve atrophy. At present, clinical use is more cautious. Commonly used drugs include bisacodyl, sodium picolinate, senna, aloe, etc. Second, other drugs with laxative effect.
1, prokinetic drugs: these drugs can stimulate intestinal muscles, improve the efficiency of gastrointestinal propulsion, and then relieve constipation symptoms. Commonly used drugs are prucalopride and so on. 2. Secretory-promoting drugs: These drugs can stimulate the secretion of intestinal juice, increase the operation of intestinal bacteria, promote intestinal emptying, and then relieve constipation symptoms. Commonly used drugs are rubiprostone, etc. 3. Bile acid regulator: These drugs can inhibit the absorption of bile acid by ileum, increase the concentration of bile acid in colon, promote intestinal peristalsis, and then relieve constipation symptoms. 4. Others: For example, opioid receptor antagonists can relieve constipation caused by opioid drugs; Probiotics can regulate intestinal flora imbalance and help relieve constipation.