I. Water: 1. Use acidic water. The optimum PH value is 5~6. 2. Cool in tap water for 1~2 days. 3. If you don't do it, you must pour it thoroughly. The roots of plants are wet and dry, which can achieve the purpose of promoting fertilizer with water and regulating gas with water, and promote the roots of plants to be deep and leafy. 4. Four seasons are different. It is best to be dry in winter and wet in summer. Spring and autumn are the peak seasons for plant growth. You should have enough water, but don't be too diligent. 5. Water should be controlled during the flowering period, and it is not allowed to water the open flowers.
2. Fertilization: after flowering, apply special fertilizer once every three weeks, and apply it for two or three times continuously. Semi-lignification of new branches in late July is also the beginning of flower bud differentiation. Apply special fertilizer once every three weeks, three to four times in a row, and stop fertilization in winter. Fertilization should not be too much each time. Only 20~30 special fertilizers can be applied at a time.
3. Humidity temperature: The suitable growth temperature is 12℃~35℃, and the relative humidity is about 80%. In summer, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place to prevent direct sunlight.
4. Pruning and shaping in time after flowering, and removing residual branches, weak branches, long branches and some internal branches for cultivation management.
Seeding, cutting and grafting are commonly used for propagation, and layering and branching are also feasible. Sowing, evergreen azaleas are best sown with harvest, and deciduous azaleas can also store seeds until the next spring sowing. When the temperature 15 ~ 20℃, the seedlings will emerge in about 20 days. Cutting: Generally, semi-lignified branches of the current year are selected as cutting in May-June, and then shaded in shed. They can take root in 1 month at about 25 degrees Celsius. Rhododendron occidentalis takes root slowly, which takes about 60 ~ 70 days. Grafting, the propagation of Rhododendron occidentalis is widely used, often with twigs splitting, and the grafting time is not limited. The rootstock is mostly two-year-old Rhododendron, and the survival rate is over 90%. Wild rhododendrons and cultivated varieties from Mao Juan, Dong Juan and Xia Juan can be potted or planted in the shade. Xi Juan is potted all over the country, and the cultivated soil is mostly black mountain soil. Culture soil made of peat soil, Huangshan soil, humus soil, pine leaf soil, cinder and sawdust can be used as long as the pH value is between 5.5 and 7. O, good drainage, rich in humus. Pot filling is usually carried out in April or June 165438+ 10. Rhododendron roots expand slowly, so it is advisable to use 3-inch pots for 1 ~ 2 years, 4-inch pots for 3 ~ 4 years, change pots 1 time every 3 ~ 5 years, and trim roots at the same time. Water, according to the weather, plant size. Pot soil is dry and wet, which needs to be mastered flexibly. The water quality should be alkaline. When tap water is used, it is best to store 1 ~ 2 months in the water tank. Going out in mid-April is at the peak of growth, and the water demand is large; During the rainy season, water should be prevented; In the high temperature season from July to August, the evaporation is large, so it should be watered with the sun, and water should be sprayed on the ground and leaves at noon and night to cool down; 165438+1entered the room in early October. If there is heating in the room, the growth is still vigorous and the water demand is still large, especially when flowering and topping. If it is not heated indoors and grows slowly, it can be watered once every 3 to 5 days. Be thin, be fat and be diligent. For 2-4-year-old seedlings, in order to accelerate the formation of plants, the formation of new branches is often promoted by coring and bud picking. After the plant is formed, the diseased branches, weak branches and overlapping branches are mainly cut off, and thinning is the main method. Rhododendron leucocephala can be used as fresh-keeping potherb with good edible function. Edible flowers have harsh planting conditions. First of all, we should stay away from people to avoid life pollution and traffic to avoid tail gas pollution. More importantly, edible flowers are different from ornamental flowers. When choosing ornamental flowers, people pay attention to vase insertion date and choose varieties rich in fiber, but these varieties have poor taste and fragrance. On the contrary, flower varieties specially used as food have delicate taste and rich fragrance. Due to the lack of fiber, they will wither in a short time after leaving the flower branches, and people can't take them to the street like fruits. It is also impossible to take it to the flower market for sale like ornamental flowers. This is why people are limited to eating dried flowers. And dried flowers, in the process of drying, not only lose color, fragrance and shape, commonly known as dried flowers. More importantly, the content of nutrients in dried flowers is far less than that in flowers. It's hard for people to eat flowers! Fresh-keeping wild vegetables such as rhododendron and snow-capped bamboo leaf vegetables are jointly developed by experts from Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Preservation technology is at the leading level in China, and the company has independent intellectual property rights. The annual production and processing capacity exceeds100t. Dali Bai people have a long tradition of eating flowers, and Rhododendron is the best flower-eating culture. Bai people advocate white, believing that white symbolizes holiness, nobility and health. Haiyunju Temple in Shi Baoshan, Jianchuan, Dali, which was built in 1788, collected recipes of rhododendrons, which can be made into dozens of delicacies, and it is still widely circulated today. According to analysis and test, it contains 18 amino acids, 9 minerals (including calcium 1.379%) and vitamins.
The ethnobotanical investigation of Rhododendron grandiflora shows that ethnic minorities in many places in Yunnan, such as Bai, Yi, Naxi and Han, eat many kinds of Rhododendron grandiflora as vegetables. The world distribution center of Rhododendron grandiflora is in Yunnan, which can not only reduce fat and weight, but also exercise and detoxify. According to folklore, people eat a big rhododendron in spring, and they don't take medicine all year round. Traditionally, big white flowers usually use green broad bean rice to cook soup or stir-fry bacon, ham, fresh meat or add seasonings such as salt and liquor to make pickles. Now, with the increasing consumer awareness of people returning to nature, Yunnan Dabai Rhododendron is not only a home-cooked dish for people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, but also one of the necessary dishes in some high-end hotels and specialty restaurants. Not only sold all over the country, but also went abroad.
In addition to the traditions mentioned above, there are also many innovations in eating methods, such as:
1. Cooking soup with laver, the entrance of flowers and seafood back and forth, can be called "delicacies".
2. Use black fungus to make soup, which is smooth and crisp, fragrant, and the appearance is "pure and clean" intoxicating.
3. Egg flower soup is delicious, elegant in color, golden in yolk, white as jade, and "auspicious".
4. Stew black-bone chicken. After the chicken is stewed, put the flowers in. It can be eaten after 2-3 minutes. It's called "Black Chicken Squatting Flowers". It doesn't taste greasy, but it can really clear fat.
5. Mix Yunnan-style snack rice noodles with bean jelly, and the authentic flavor food is unforgettable.
6. Steamed beef in Muslim restaurant has big white flowers, one layer of flowers and one layer of meat, and its unique and fresh fragrance is very popular with customers.
7. Add a little sugar, stir well and drink directly. The fragrance of flowers in Shan Ye makes you forget to live in the city.
8. The "Mother-child Stewed Flowers" dish is tender, spicy and fragrant, and the sauce is rich in flavor.
Ingredients: 400g of white flowers.
Ingredients: tender tofu, mung bean rice, fat pork each100g, soup 300g, peanut oil 50g.
Seasoning: 2 grams of ginger powder and refined salt, 3 grams of sesame oil and monosodium glutamate, 2 grams of pepper and sugar, 30 grams of soy sauce, 20 grams of Chili oil and 30 grams of broad bean gouache.
Method:
1. Drain the flowers and squeeze them dry for later use.
3. Cut the tender tofu into 1.5 cm square pieces and soak them in boiling water; Wash pork, chop green beans and rice, and fish out with oil.
13. Put the wok into medium fire, inject the remaining peanut oil, saute Jiang Mo and minced meat, saute with sauce, stir fry with white flowers for a few times, add soup, add refined salt, monosodium glutamate, pepper and white sugar, mix well, add tofu and mung bean rice, bring to a boil, move to slow fire 10 minute, and add broad bean gouache. Rhododendron can be propagated by layering, cutting, branching and grafting. Bonsai can also be made of old rhododendron piles that have grown for many years and have simple roots. Most of them should be excavated and transplanted before the flowers wither in late autumn and early winter or spring. When transplanting, they should bring more soil, trim the trunk and taproot properly, cut off the branches that affect the shape, and leave more lateral roots and fibrous roots. For larger branches, check carefully to ensure that the shape is not needed before removal. First plant it in a soil basin or underground for green cultivation, and the soil should be sandy soil with good drainage. After planting the piles dug in late autumn and early winter, all of them are buried with sand, only a few branches are exposed, and after watering, they are covered with plastic bags to keep warm and moist. Piles dug in spring should also be buried in the soil for 2/3. After planting, keep the soil moist without watering, and then gradually remove the sand from the trunk after the plants germinate. During blank cultivation, leaves and trunks should be sprayed with water frequently to increase air humidity, but the roots should not be too wet, especially to avoid water accumulation, otherwise it will cause rotten roots. Pay attention to shading in summer to prevent sun exposure.
Rhododendron can be made into various forms of bonsai, such as straight dry type, inclined dry type, curved dry type, double dry type, multi-dry type, exposed root type, cliff type, attached stone type, flood and drought type and so on. Seedlings propagated by cutting, layering and other methods can be shaped year by year after 3-4 years of growth, and the modeling time is mostly before spring germination or summer and autumn growing season. Pruning is the main thing, winding is the auxiliary thing. When modeling, we should follow the principle of coarse first and fine later, properly wrap the trunk and main branches, and trim other branches for modeling. Because the branches of rhododendron are fragile and easy to break, be careful when operating. In the growing season, if a branch breaks, you can put yellow mud on the wound and wrap it with plastic film, which will soon heal and recover. However, the old azalea pile should be shaped by pruning, but some branches can also be properly tied. In order to improve the ornamental value, Mao Dujuan Laodui, which has grown for many years and has strong branches and beautiful appearance, can be used as rootstock, and excellent varieties of Rhododendron can be used as scions for grafting through docking or cutting. According to the situation of the stump, you can gradually remove part of the soil and lift the roots out of the ground, so that the roots are exposed in the air, which is simple and energetic.
Rhododendron likes warm and humid semi-cloudy environment and needs good ventilation. Usually it can be maintained under strong light, and it should be shaded in summer and early autumn to avoid exposure to the hot sun. Otherwise, the strong light will burn the leaves, but it should not be too shaded, so as to avoid the plants growing white and affecting flowering. It can be maintained in a cool shed or shade. Keep the soil moist during the growing period, but don't accumulate water. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season. When the air is dry, sprinkle water on plants and the surrounding ground to increase the air humidity and prevent the leaves from drying up. You can also cover the surface of the pot soil with a layer of soft grass to prevent the fine fibrous roots on the surface of the pot soil from being burned by the hot sun. Apply decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer every 15 days. In order to prevent yellowing, a small amount of black alum can be added to the fertilizer solution to make the leaves dark green and bright in color. Adding 1 ~ 2 times of phosphate fertilizer such as bone meal and calcium superphosphate in bud stage can promote the flowers to be large and colorful. Move indoors to the sunny place in winter, keep the soil above 0℃ from freezing, and control watering to make the basin soil slightly moist. Prune once a year after flowering, cut off pests and diseases, dead branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, weak branches and long branches, and cut off short branches appropriately, so as to make the plant beautiful in appearance and reasonable in branch distribution, strengthen ventilation and light transmission in the inner room, which is beneficial to plant growth. In spring or late autumn, the basin should be turned once every two years, and the basin soil should be rich in humus, fertile and loose slightly acidic sandy soil.