First, clothing.
There is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments.
During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the instruction of "clothing should be divided into men and women" was issued, it changed a lot, and even many people changed into * * * clothes. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics.
Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. Wrapped up, it is mostly cross-shaped and as big as a hat. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom two pairs are buckled on the second garment ... and so on until the innermost seven pairs of buttons are buckled. So you can see layers of new clothes from the outside, which is not interesting.
Contrary to the simple costumes of Miao men, the costumes of Miao women are very delicate and complicated.
Toupa: Toupa of Miao women varies from place to place. Miao women in Fenghuang County have a short handkerchief more than three feet long. From the forehead to the back of the head, even the ears are wrapped inside. Miao women in Huayuan and other counties like to use black handkerchiefs (wearing white handkerchief to prevent their parents from dying), which are neatly folded, neatly wrapped, unbiased and oblique, and tied at the end just right. Miao women in Jishou county have mixed hair, while flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Fenghuang county and black flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Huayuan county. Miao women in Luxi, Guzhang and eastern Jishou wear white headscarves. The handkerchief is embroidered with four pairs of cyan Hua Die, which is simple, beautiful and unique. The so-called "moth embroidered with four corners of the veil" refers to this kind of white handkerchief.
Jewelry: Miao women's jewelry, exquisite shape, a wide range. According to the raw materials, there are gold ornaments, silver ornaments, copper ornaments, aluminum ornaments and jade ornaments. And silver ornaments are the most common. From the wearing parts: silver hat, silver basin, rockhopper, Sushan earrings, collars, bracelets, rings, toothpicks, belt buckles, etc. And bracelets and rings must be worn often. From the modeling point of view, there is only one kind of earrings, including melon seeds hanging earrings, pomegranate earrings, plum blossom needle earrings, circle earrings, faucet earrings, plum blossom hanging melon seeds hanging earrings, rake earrings, faucet melon seeds hanging earrings and so on.
Clothes and others: Miao women's clothes, long waist, big sleeves and short sleeves, no collar. The cuffs are about a foot or longer. On the chest and cuffs, it is customary to roll, embroider or wear yarn, and add railing petals. Some also need to embroider cloud-digging hooks on the front and back edges of the fork and swing. Clothing styles are full-breasted, without double-breasted. It takes dozens of working days to make a set of Miao women's underwear, which is beautifully made through sewing and embroidery. The pants are shorter and the legs are bigger. The number of piping, embroidery or yarn on the edge of trousers is the same as that of clothes. The dress is long and wide, with embroidered lines covered with waste edges, rolling railings and large and small petals, which are colorful and dazzling. The shoes are full of embroidery, with a big head and a big mouth, and the back is wearing ears.
After liberation, in some areas where Miao and Han people lived together, Miao costumes were greatly influenced by Han people, and some young people also changed into Hanfu.
Second, festivals and celebrations
There are many festivals and large-scale activities for Miao people in Xiangxi. Among them, the most representative are:
1. Catch up with last year. On the first month of the lunar calendar, the Miao people in Xiangxi are most keen to catch up with the New Year's Fair, and the date is decided by each place. On that day, men, women and children, dressed in festive costumes, invited each other and chased them in droves. The annual market is full of people, bustling and lively. People can not only exchange materials, but also participate in or watch activities such as swinging, lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns and climbing ladders. Young men and women also make more use of this opportunity to find lovers and have sex. What's more, the singers show their abilities, and walk in twos and threes, saying the ancient and modern, singing together, or congratulating each other, or telling traditional stories, or improvising new words. The more people sing, the higher their interest, and the more people listen, the more energetic they are. Even if it is snowing heavily and freezing, the annual trade fair will be held as scheduled.
2. March 3rd. This is Xiangxi Miao nationality >>
What are the customs of Miao nationality? Miao people's customs, historical figures and classic culture.
Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution, and Xiangxi Miao nationality is one of them. In the long-term historical development, Miao people have formed their own unique customs and habits in clothing, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos and diet.
First, clothing.
There is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments.
During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the instruction of "clothing should be divided into men and women" was issued, it changed a lot, and even many people changed into * * * clothes. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics.
Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. Wrapped up, it is mostly cross-shaped and as big as a hat. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom two pairs are buckled on the second garment ... and so on until the innermost seven pairs of buttons are buckled. So you can see layers of new clothes from the outside, which is not interesting. Respondents to the report added the customs and habits of Zhuang nationality on August 8, 200915: 20.
build
Zhuang people like to live by mountains and rivers. Between the green mountains and green waters, there are scattered wooden buildings, which are traditional folk houses of Zhuang nationality. People live on top of wooden buildings and livestock are enclosed below. No matter what house it is, the shrine should be placed on the central axis of the whole house. The front hall is used for celebrations and social activities, with people living in the wings on both sides, and the back hall is the living area. Life in the house is centered on the fireplace, and three meals a day are carried out by the fireplace. ?
Dress
Most Zhuang people use homemade home-made homespun as their clothing material, with various styles. Zhuang women's clothes are generally blue and black, with slightly wide pants, jacquard towels on their heads and exquisite aprons around their waists; Young men wear double-breasted coats with a belt around their waist.
marriage customs
"Artillery fire" entered the bridal chamber.
A marriage custom of Zhuang nationality. On the wedding day, the bride must be baptized with "guns and fire" before she can enter the house. This marriage custom is popular in Zhuang villages such as Yufeng in Tianyang County, Guangxi. Before the bride comes to the groom's house, she should stop for a while and prepare to "charge" into the house, because there are seven or eight "artillery" groups of young men at the door, hall and new house, holding a string of firecrackers waiting for the bride to come over. When the bride was approaching the door, the "gunman" lit firecrackers to form a "fire wall" to stop the bride from approaching. If you are a timid bride, you have to retreat to the door and wait for the second "charge". The "gunmen" also summed up the experience of victory and prepared for the second "blocking". It can be said that the bride can't enter the door without two or three "charges". The onlookers, three floors inside and three floors outside, are very lively. After a hard struggle, the bride jumped over the door and came to the bridal chamber. This is the last sad hurdle, because the "gunner" has to put a "gun". At this time, the clever bridesmaids and bridesmaids "scouted around" and jumped into the bridal chamber with the bride in their arms when the "gunfire" was sparse. Suddenly, cheers thundered, congratulating the bride on "winning the flag". After the wedding reception, guests will watch the bride go out to "carry water" in the dark under the guidance of the bride. The bride will fill the water tank, which is a test of whether the bride can bear the pain. In this way, the bride can't enter the bridal chamber until late at night.
memorize words
In some places at the junction of Yishan and Huanjiang County in Guangxi, young Zhuang people get married, and the custom of "reciting characters" has been popular to this day. "Bei Zi" is a transliteration of Zhuang language. In fact, it is not a word, but a broadband one foot four feet long and more than one foot wide, which was sewn by the woman's mother with dark black (the best color) homespun woven or bought by herself. On the daughter's wedding day, ask the man to assign a person who can recite words to take the cloth back to the groom's house in case the nephew is born as a baby. This custom is called "memorizing characters" in the local Zhuang language. A person who "recites words" must have three conditions: a father and a mother; Unmarried young men; Smart and polite. The ceremony of reciting characters was held in the main hall of the woman's house. The person who presides over the ceremony must be a respected elder in the village and has become a grandfather. The elders first propose two cups of local famous wine to those who recite Chinese characters. Many people recite Chinese characters. > & gt
Customs of Miao nationality
Eat: 1. Eat oil tea. Camellia oleifera is a kind of hospitality tea made by mixing fried popcorn with water. If the guest drinks it, the host will be happy, but if the guest doesn't drink it, it will be considered as contempt for the host. Some people want to drink three cups, the first is camellia oleifera, the second is bitter tea, and the third is sweet tea. 2. Eat mountain loach (lizard, collectively referred to as quadruped snake). Add a small amount of rice flour to the processed loach and marinate it in a jar to entertain guests. 3. eat green vegetables. I like to eat green vegetables during the Spring Festival, and generally don't chop them up.
Dressing: Miao costumes vary from region to region. Male, the average old man wears a collarless cardigan, belt, trouser legs and leggings. Cardigans worn by middle-aged people and young people are short and small, and the fabrics are mostly spotted clothes made of home textiles. Women's wear has different styles. They wear collarless embroidered clothes with petals inserted in the middle, and they wear wide-leg pants with sides, with embroidery or a few yarns underneath. Eye-catching female headscarves are generally more than a foot long, all blue in color, and some are wrapped in black and white squares.
Residence: 1. Diaojiaolou, usually 2-3 houses with cornices and upturned corners. There are white wooden railings around the corridor, and various patterns are carved on the railings. The bottom layer of crane feet is used to store grain, farm tools, firewood, soil ash, or cattle, sheep, pigs and toilets. The upper class is inhabited by people. 2. A square stove, 60-70 cm high, covered with wooden boards and made of masonry, with a square fireplace in the middle for cooking and a space on the lower floor for raising chickens and ducks. When it is cold, the host and guests sit on the stove, joking, talking about family affairs and having a rest. There is a wooden frame with different shapes hanging on the stove, with melon seeds, tea baskets, sandals and so on.
Festivals and religious beliefs
Festivals, in addition to Han festivals, Miao people also have the following festivals.
1. On the third day of March, young men and women fell in love with songs.
2. Eat black rice on the eighth day of April to commemorate Yang Zaisi. There is also a legend that my sister's black rice should be cooked with leaves, and the girl should be taken back to her family to eat black rice in advance; In the neighborhood, you don't have to go back to your parents' home, but you have to send it to your parents' home. This custom is limited to people surnamed Yang.
3. On the sixth day of June, worship the land god, hang paper and burn incense on the mountain. General genealogy once.
4. On the second day of October, after the Lunar New Year, rats should be killed to eat.
Faith: 1. Worship Yang Gong, think again. There used to be 16 Feishan Temple in the township. A grand temple fair is held every autumn. Sing a few days and nights of people's play, in which reciting Huashan Mountain and fighting for money are the programs that must be sung every time. The main content is to educate family harmony. During the temple fair celebration, pig heads, incense and paper should be placed. 2. In the past, the ancestor worship was to kill cattle, and the cattle killing ceremony was held with the natural stockade as a whole. First, the entrails of cattle are used to worship ancestors, and then everyone takes a piece of meat home. 3. Worship Zanhu, who is said to be the ancestor of Miao nationality.
wedding and funeral customs
Love: With songs as the medium, on the third day of the third lunar month, young men and women dressed neatly rushed to the water side of the mountain in droves to fall in love with songs. Those who agree with each other will be invited to leave, indicating that they are in love. Usually, watching cattle and herding sheep also sings for the red. Both parents agree to get married. If they don't agree, there is a custom of running away from marriage.
Marriage: generally, one month before marriage, or as long as half a year, you start to cry and get married. Let the elders send gifts one by one, which has changed a lot. A man and a woman get married, and the woman and others come to the man's house for three days and three nights. During these three days, the bride can only sleep with her mother, but not with the groom. Three days later, the bride and maid of honor went back to their parents' home and lived together for two, three and five years. Men need help farming, so they live with women. After the woman is pregnant, she can take the bride and her parents to live together.
Funeral: When the old man dies, he should be carried to nave and sit in the middle, equipped with a bucket (container) and a cold sieve, and sit on the bucket with his foot on the cold sieve to die. To wash the corpse, the master takes water from the well, adds peach leaves and calamus leaves to boil warm water to wash the corpse, and the washed water (poured into the toilet) is given to future generations to taste three points, which means that you don't have to worry about eating words, so you can order clothes and rice water. The victim was wrapped in white lines, one one year old. The teeth you usually lose should be kept, put in a coffin after death, and it is forbidden to burn your hair after death. The entrance to the coffin contains silver, and the main points of tea and rice in Feishan Temple.
The national customs and religious customs of Miao nationality used to believe in animism, worship nature and worship ancestors. Tibetan calendar festival is the biggest sacrifice activity of Miao nationality. Generally, a small sacrifice lasts for seven years and a big sacrifice lasts for thirteen years. It will be held on the first day of October to November of the lunar calendar, when a roe deer cow will be killed and a Lusheng dance will be performed to sacrifice its ancestors. Invite friends and relatives to get together during meals to enhance feelings and family harmony.
The main beliefs of Miao nationality are primitive religious forms such as nature worship, totem worship and ancestor worship. Traditional Miao society is superstitious about ghosts and gods, and witchcraft prevails. Some Miao people also believe in Christianity and Catholicism. Miao people mainly use the eastern dialect, and believe in Buddhism and Taoism. The Miao language is called Bad deib zhal (Badai Zhou).
eating habits
In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious. Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper. There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar. Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.
Clover tea
Miao people in Chengbu County, Hunan Province will make a kind of "tea essence"-trilobite tea, which is similar to tea but not tea. According to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, "This tea is put in a cage, and moths also regard it as excrement." It shows that trilobite tea first appeared in the early Ming Dynasty. Qing Guangxu's "Chengbu Local Records" contains: "There are eight kinds of tea, which can be used slightly. There are also coarse teas, which are put in old cages. After a year or two, tea becomes a worm, and the rest is called insect tea. The collection is long-lasting, which can greatly reduce phlegm and smooth qi. " As a tribute, Chengbu trilobite tea lasted 170 years before and after entering Beijing.
Clothing characteristics
There are more than 200 kinds of Miao costumes in Qiandongnan Prefecture, which is the most diverse and well-preserved area in China and even in the world, and is called "Miao Costume Museum". On the whole, Miao costumes have maintained the traditional weaving, embroidery, picking and dyeing techniques in China. While using one main technique, they often use other techniques, either picking embroidery, dyeing embroidery or ribbon embroidery, thus making these costumes colorful and showing distinctive national artistic characteristics. From the content point of view, clothing patterns are mostly based on various life images in daily life, which plays an important role in expressing meaning, identifying nationalities, branches and languages. These video records are called "epic worn on the body" by experts and scholars. From the modeling point of view, China's traditional line drawing or approximate line drawing modeling technique with single line as the outline of the pattern is adopted. From the perspective of production techniques, the five forms of weaving, sewing, splicing and cutting in the history of costume development are all examples in Qiandongnan Miao costumes, with distinct historical levels, which can be called the exhibition hall of costume production history. From the color point of view, they are good at choosing all kinds of contrasting colors, and strive to pursue the richness of colors, generally red, black, white, yellow and blue. From the composition point of view, it does not emphasize the prominent theme, but only pays attention to the requirements of the overall sense of clothing. Formally, it can be divided into formal clothes and casual clothes. Dress-up is a kind of costume used for holiday etiquette and wedding. It is complex and gorgeous, which reflects the artistic level of Miao costumes. Casual clothes, the style is quieter and simpler than formal clothes, with less materials and less labor, suitable for daily wear. Besides formal and casual clothes, Miao costumes are different in age and region.
Miao architecture
Due to the unique migration history, the Miao people have formed their own unique architectural style in the selection of building materials and housing construction. Miao people like wooden buildings, which are generally three-story buildings. The first floor is generally to solve the problem of uneven slope, so it is generally ... > >
The customs of Miao nationality have a long history. Miao people mainly live in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiaoshan in Guangxi, Hainan Island and Hunan. Miao people live in high mountain areas, mainly in agriculture, and their crops are upland rice and corn. Miao people are rich in folk oral literature and poetry, and of course they can sing and dance well. The custom is as follows:
Costume: Miao costumes are unique, different branches have different styles, and the same branch has differences in different years. After liberation, young people and teenagers gradually put on Han costumes.
Diet: The staple food is rice, followed by corn and wheat. Most people living in mountainous areas are mainly corn, followed by potatoes, rice and wheat. Miao men, women and children like to eat glutinous rice, and they often make glutinous rice into various foods on holidays, including colorful glutinous rice, glutinous rice cake and brown rice cake. Visit relatives and friends, and bring all kinds of glutinous rice food as gifts. Miao men, women and children like to drink, and every family has soju and glutinous rice liqueur on holidays. There must be wine for ancestor worship, and wine is indispensable for receiving guests. Non-staple foods include meat, vegetables, melons and fruits, tofu and so on. Sour, sweet, spicy and salty are essential. I like to cook bacon, sausage and blood tofu when killing old pigs in winter, and prepare them for eating and entertaining relatives and friends. Miao people who live in alpine mountain areas like to brew sweet wine with corn flour, which can be cooked in the first winter and eaten for a year in the second year.
Place of residence: Most Miao people live in mountainous areas, and a few live in flat Tianba area. Houses are generally built with local materials according to living conditions, and stone tile houses, slate houses and wooden thatched houses are generally built with better economic conditions. People with poor economic conditions often live in thatched huts with earth walls or thatched huts with bamboo walls and cow dung. Some poor households in alpine mountainous areas live in low and simple sheds.
Marriage: Miao nationality is a monogamous family. Generally speaking, it runs in the family, with a few four generations living under one roof. Parents have the responsibility to raise and educate their children, and children have the obligation to support their parents. Children grow up, brothers separate, women get married.
Funeral: The funeral procedures of Miao people are divided into dying, dying, entering the grave, clearing the way, beating the tail, funeral, burial and holding the spirit. Wooden drums and lusheng are indispensable in funerals.
Worship: Miao people have bamboo worship, which is called Lai Di in Miao language; Sacrificing ancestors, Miao language is called Lai Zhai; Wooden drum worship is called Zha in Miao language.
Festival: A. Flower jumping: The first month of the lunar calendar is the time for Miao people to jump flowers.
B, jumping field: the content and form are basically the same as jumping flowers, but there is no blowing sheng, no flowering trees and no periodicity. The jumping field was held in the market near the Miao people's settlement. In April, Miao dances in the wind, and in July, Gu dances in bloom.
C. Sacrifice to the sacred tree on March 3: Most Miao people in the county live in mountainous areas, and pay attention to the Woods behind each village. The largest of them is the sacred tree, which is called life in Miao language and wisdom in offering sacrifices to the sacred tree. Every year on the third day of the third lunar month, Miao people hold sacrifices in the stockade, set up bamboo stands at the foot of the sacred tree, and put sacrifices on them to worship red rooster. After reading the sacrificial words, the participants ate on the spot. Only men can participate in the sacrificial tree, and they can only speak Miao language.
B, April 8th: It is the memorial day for the Miao people to remember the Yang Lu and Miao soldiers who died in opening Guizhou and defending Guiyang. During the festival, people will eat glutinous rice to express their condolences to their loved ones.
D Duanyang Festival: Miao people call the fifth day of May Duanyang Festival, which is the Oracle of the East, and April 8 is a festival to commemorate the deceased relatives. During the festival, people travel in all diseases, dig herbs, sprinkle glutinous rice and feed fish in the river.
E. Chinese New Year: Before the Ming Dynasty, the Miao people took October of the lunar calendar as the beginning of the year, and the first day of October was the year of Miao people. After the Ming Dynasty, both Miao and Han people celebrated the New Year on the 30th of the twelfth lunar month. Miao people call it New Year's Day, and the family should live in harmony and not say unlucky things. On the third day, families concentrated on offering sacrifices to their ancestors. In order to celebrate the New Year, ancestors should be sacrificed before eating, and the hemp fields should be bypassed to feed livestock and fruit trees.
What are the festival customs of Miao nationality? Miao nationality is a nation with rich national culture. You can experience different folk customs in Miao areas, which are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces. There are mainly these festivals of Miao nationality.
New year festival
Spring Festival is the "Spring Festival" of Miao people, also called "Hakka Year". During the Chinese New Year, every family kills pigs and sheep and bakes wine to celebrate the harvest. I hope the weather will be fine and the crops will be bumper in the coming year. According to the custom, Miao people express their wishes and hopes for the New Year by singing duets. Early in the morning, compatriots of all ethnic groups from five townships and four towns in the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan and Chongqing rushed from all directions to the foot of Tianxingpo at the junction of the three provinces and cities to express their joy in welcoming the New Year with songs. I also want to sing Song of Spring. The lyrics mean longing for spring, longing for spring, cherishing spring, embracing spring and so on.
April 8(th)
Miao traditional festival, it is said that this festival began in the Ming Dynasty. In the thick lake on the eighth day of April, Miao people gathered around the fountain in Guiyang, dressed in costumes, and blowing sheng played the flute to commemorate and pay tribute to the legendary ancient hero Yanu with songs.
In addition, April 8 is also a festival of Buyi people, some people call it "Ox King Festival", others call it "Shepherd Festival" or "Seedling Opening Festival". On this day, people and cows will eat "Niuwangba" or glutinous rice and take a day off to show their comfort to cows.
Hiking Huashan Festival
Walking on Huashan Mountain is a traditional Miao festival. Miao people in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces are popular in the first month, February or April and May of the lunar calendar, which stems from the courtship activities of young men and women. During the festival, young men and women sing, dance lusheng and courtship; Old farmers came to Huatian to exchange production experience, teach production technology and wish crops a bumper harvest. Miao people living in mountainous areas will also fight bullfights during festivals. The Miao people in Pingbian County also held competitions such as lion jumping and flower pole climbing.
Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival is a Miao festival popular in Xiangxi, Qiandongnan Shidong and Songtao. Most festivals are held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. In addition to dragon boat racing, there are horse racing, bullfighting, drumming and other activities.
Sister day
In Camus Village near Qingshui River in eastern Guizhou, the "Sister Festival" of Miao families is held from March 15 to 18 every year. During festivals, Miao people traditionally eat "sister meals". This kind of rice is steamed by dyeing glutinous rice with colorful flowers and leaves collected by girls on the mountain. There are also lively bullfighting scenes and "tourism" activities in the festival.
What are the customs of Miao nationality? Mainly living in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiaoshan, Hainan Island and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors as early as 5,000 years ago, which are clans and tribes called Naman from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Miao nationality has its own language, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. After 1956, the Latin alphabet writing scheme was designed. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.
Agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and handcraft are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years.
There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world. Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.
custom
Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain guests. If you are a distinguished guest from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink croissant first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the oldest owner in the family gives chicken hearts or duck hearts to the guests with chopsticks, and the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the chicken hearts equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks less and doesn't like fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but dissatisfied with eating and drinking, it is considered to look down on the host.
marriage customs
Glutinous rice is also an essential food for young men and women to fall in love and get married. Miao people in Chengbu, Hunan Province gave each other glutinous rice cakes painted with mandarin ducks as souvenirs. When the wedding is held, the bride and groom should make a toast, and the person in charge of the wedding also invites the bride and groom to eat glutinous rice cakes painted with dragons, phoenixes and dolls.
Dietary customs
In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Dry the rice first, pour it into the gravy, remove the rice bran, and eat it now, weighing 3-5 kg each time. Now many places have used electricity and water to grind rice.
Fried Baba is the most common fried food. Deep-fried Baba is made by soaking glutinous rice and a small amount of soybeans, beating them into slurry, then scooping the beaten thick slurry into a mold made of iron sheet and frying them in boiling oil to get golden yellow. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious.
Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". Dog meat is hot, which has the functions of warming stomach, strengthening stomach and nourishing food. In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper.
There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people living in high mountain areas like to cook vegetables into mussels with white water. Sichuan Miao people also make soybean milk into tofu pudding to entertain guests.
Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. In summer in southeastern Guizhou, when guests enter the door, the host always sends sour soup first, and then drinks it to quench their thirst.
The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar.
Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Sucking wine is unique. When drinking, the bamboo tube is inserted into the urn, and the drinker forms a circle along the urn. The elders drink first, and then go from left to right. After the wine juice is sucked, it can be washed into drinking water until it is tasteless. Once the altar is opened, the remaining wine, whether strong or weak, will not be used again.
Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Besides tea, sour soup is also a common drink.
Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.
Holidays and festivals
Miao people used to believe in animism, worship nature and worship their ancestors. There are many festivals, besides traditional festivals and sacrificial festivals, there are also special festivals related to eating. Such as: duck festival, new year festival, fish killing festival, tea picking festival, etc. Besides preparing wine and meat, seasonal food is also essential for festivals.
Miao Nian Miao Nian usually starts from the first day of the first month and lasts for three, five or fifteen days. Year >>
It is very convenient to check the customs and habits of Miao people now. You can search on Baidu and it will come out. It's simple. Of course, you can also use a WeChat service number to query. It is called the first query. It has very powerful functions, customs, translation, travel, hotel accommodation and bus time. You can check everything. Please pay attention quickly.