MDS-RAEB- 1 is a high-risk type of MDS, and it is easy to turn into acute leukemia. At present, western medicine mainly focuses on chemotherapy and transplantation, but when the elderly are old, transplantation is definitely desirable. As for chemotherapy, it depends on the physical condition of the elderly. If it is RAEB- 1, the primitive cells in bone marrow are not too high and less dangerous than RAEB-2. It is suggested to use traditional Chinese medicine for treatment. If the hemogram is low, it can also be combined with regenerative capsules, and Chinese medicine decoction can be added to detoxify and drive away evil spirits. If conditions permit, some traditional Chinese medicines such as cinobufotalin can be given comprehensive treatment to reduce malignant cells, promote normal hematopoiesis of bone marrow and improve the quality of life.