1. Nanomaterials: When a substance reaches the nanometer scale, which is about 1- 100 nanometer, the properties of the substance will suddenly change and special properties will appear. This kind of material with special properties different from the original atoms, molecules and macroscopic substances is called nano-material. If only nano-scale materials have no special properties, they cannot be called nano-materials. In the past, people only paid attention to atoms, molecules or cosmic space, and often ignored this intermediate field, which actually exists in nature in large quantities, but did not realize the performance of this scale range before. Japanese scientists were the first to truly recognize its characteristics and introduce the concept of nano. In 1970s, they prepared ultramicro ions by evaporation, and found that a kind of conductive copper-silver conductor lost its original properties after being made into nano-scale, neither conducting electricity nor conducting heat. The same is true of magnetic materials, such as iron-cobalt alloys. If the size is about 20-30 nanometers, the magnetic domain will become a single magnetic domain, and its magnetism will be 1000 times higher than the original. In the mid-1980s, people formally named this kind of materials as nanomaterials.
Nano-dynamics, mainly micro-machinery and micro-motor, or micro-electromechanical system, is applied to micro-sensors and actuators of belt-driven machinery, optical fiber communication systems, special electronic equipment, medical and diagnostic instruments, etc. It adopts a new technology similar to the design and manufacture of integrated appliances. The feature is that the parts are very small, the etching depth often needs tens to hundreds of microns, and the width error is very small. This process can also be used to manufacture three-phase motors, ultra-high-speed centrifuges or gyroscopes. In the research, micro-deformation and micro-friction at quasi-atomic scale should be detected accordingly. Although they have not really entered the nanometer scale at present, they have great potential scientific and economic value.
13. nano-biology and nano-pharmacology, such as fixing dna particles on mica surface with nano-sized colloidal gold, doing experiments on the interaction between biomolecules with interdigital electrodes on the surface of silica, double-layer planar biofilm of phospholipids and fatty acids, and fine structure of dna. With nanotechnology, you can also put parts or components into cells through self-assembly to form new materials. About half of the new drugs, even the fine powder of micron particles, are insoluble in water; However, if the particles are nanoscale (i.e. ultrafine particles), they can be dissolved in water.
3. Nano-electronics, including nano-electronic devices based on quantum effect, nano-electronics.
Edited on July 9, 2020
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What are nano science and nano technology?
& ltp> The so-called nanoscience is a science that people study the special phenomena and functions of substances at the nanoscale, that is, from 10 nm to 0. 1 nm. Nanotechnology refers to the methods and means of manufacturing new materials and researching new processes on the basis of nanotechnology. In fact, in a more accurate sense, the birth of nanotechnology should be earlier. & lt/p & gt； . Nano-particle size analyzer is selected from Suzhou Representative Office of Germany New Pataik Co., Ltd. Suzhou Representative Office of Germany New Pataik Co., Ltd. is a professional particle size analyzer manufacturer integrating R&D, production and sales. Constantly deliver brand-new detection concepts to China users, provide intimate technical guidance to customers, and provide after-sales service based on customers' applications, so as to reassure customers.
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Information about nanotechnology
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Introduction to nanotechnology ~ ~
Due to the immeasurable economic and social benefits brought by nanotechnology, including the continuous development and improvement of electronics and optoelectronics in the information industry; Provide better and cheaper materials for manufacturing, national defense, aviation and environmental applications; In order to accelerate the biological progress in medical treatment, medicine and agriculture, human beings can predict that by 2 1 century, nanotechnology will change the characteristics of man-made objects and produce an industrial revolution. John Armstrong, the former chief scientist of IBM, wrote in 199 1 that "I believe that nanotechnology will be the center of the next information age, just like the revolution caused by Meguiar's in the 1970s". The development of nanotechnology is of great significance, which will change the traditional mode of production of human beings, improve social productivity, and may fundamentally solve many serious problems facing human beings at present, such as environmental pollution, ecological balance destruction, raw materials and energy consumption. At the same time, nanotechnology can develop the potential information and structural potential of materials, and improve the information storage and processing capacity per unit volume of materials by more than one million times. Therefore, its economic and social benefits are immeasurable, and it will inevitably become the core of the next information age. China's research in the field of nanotechnology has also started. China Academy of Sciences and China Vacuum Society held a seminar to discuss the development strategy of nanotechnology in China. The development of nano-materials has been included in the climbing plan, the "863" plan, the key research plan and the torch plan. Nano-fabrication and STM research on DNA structure are also listed as the major basic research projects of China Academy of Sciences during the Eighth Five-Year Plan. Last year, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched the national key basic research project of nano-materials, and invested tens of millions of funds to support basic research. China has its own nanotechnology products, and has established more than 10 production lines of nanomaterials and technologies. Recently, Shenzhen Zhongxing Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. has successfully developed a nano-super battery and started small-scale production. Its products are far superior to Ni-Cd, Ni-MH and Li-Mn batteries in conductivity, power storage capacity, continuous discharge time, volume and weight, and cost. Jiangsu Changzhou Wuling Changtai Nano-material Co., Ltd. is jointly established by Jiangsu Wuling Diesel Engine Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Changtai Chemical Group Company, Northwest University and General Institute of Chemical Industry. It is the first high-tech enterprise in China to produce nano-zinc oxide by homogeneous precipitation method, and has realized industrial production. China has also made new breakthroughs in the research of nano-materials properties. The team led by Lu Ke, a researcher from Shenyang Institute of Metals, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has prepared a large number of high-density and high-purity nano-copper with a grain size of only 30 nanometers for the first time in the world, and directly observed the superplastic ductility of nano-metal materials at room temperature. The Institute of Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences has applied the research results of nanotechnology to the textile industry. The treated fabric has changed the nature of "love and hate oil and water (or hydrophilic or oleophilic)" in the past, and realized "pro" and "double hate". Compared with ordinary LCD, the display made of nano-materials of Xi Jiaotong University has the advantages of energy saving, high definition and light weight, and can be used to produce wall-mounted TV sets. Nanotechnology is an energy-saving, low-consumption and technology-intensive high-tech. Although there is still a long way to go to fully realize its industrialization, the time for the appearance of nano-materials is not too long, and the equipment and means for studying nano-materials are available in China. China can seize this once-in-a-lifetime historical opportunity and catch up with the international advanced level. For specific research work, according to foreign experience, it is very important for researchers from different disciplines to cooperate to meet the needs of nanotechnology research and achieve new breakthroughs.
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What is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1- 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists have found that several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules separated on the nanometer scale obviously show many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology. Nano-science and technology is based on many modern advanced science and technology, and it is the product of the combination of modern science (chaotic physics, quantum mechanics, mesoscopic physics, molecular biology) and modern technology (computer technology, microelectronics and scanning tunneling microscope technology, nuclear analysis technology). Nano-science and technology will trigger a series of new science and technology, such as nano-physics, nano-biology, nano-chemistry, nano-electronics, nano-processing technology and nano-metrology. The main difference between nanotechnology and microelectronics is that nanotechnology studies the realization of specific functions of equipment by controlling a single atom and molecule, and works by using the fluctuation of electrons; Microelectronics technology mainly realizes its function by controlling the population of electrons and works by using the particle nature of electrons. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire micro-world. Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology. From 65438 to 0993, the International Steering Committee of Nanotechnology divided nanotechnology into six sub-disciplines: nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanofabrication and nanometrology. Among them, nano-physics and nano-chemistry are the theoretical basis of nano-technology, and nano-electronics is the most important content of nano-technology. Baidu encyclopedia-nanotechnology
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Information about nanotechnology!
According to the current research status of nanotechnology, there are three concepts about nanotechnology. The first is 1986, the molecular nanotechnology put forward by American scientist Dr. drexler in his book The Machine of Creation. According to this concept, we can make the machine of combining molecules practical, so that we can combine various molecules at will and make any molecular structure. The nanotechnology of this concept has not made significant progress. The second concept defines nanotechnology as the limit of micromachining technology. That is, the technology of artificially forming nano-scale structures through nano-precision "processing". This nano-scale processing technology also makes the miniaturization of semiconductors reach the limit. Even if the existing technology continues to develop, it will eventually reach the limit in theory. This is because if the line width of the circuit is reduced, the insulation film forming the circuit will be extremely thin, which will destroy the insulation effect. In addition, there are problems such as fever and trembling. In order to solve these problems, researchers are studying new nanotechnology. The third concept is put forward from a biological point of view. It turns out that organisms have nano-scale structures in cells and biomembranes. The so-called nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1~ 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists found that several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules isolated on the nanometer scale show many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology. Nanotechnology now includes nano-biology, nano-electronics, nano-materials, nano-mechanics, nano-chemistry and other disciplines. From micro-technology including microelectronics to nano-technology, people's understanding of the micro-world is getting deeper and deeper, and people's understanding and transformation level of the micro-world has reached an unprecedented height. Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist in China, also pointed out that the structure around nanometer and below nanometer is a key point in the next stage of scientific and technological development, which will be a technological revolution, thus causing another industrial revolution in 2 1 century.
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Nanometer data
Chinese name: Nano English name: Nanonm definition: the unit of length, 1nm is 10-9m. It is usually used to indicate the wavelength of light and describe nanotechnology. Discipline: biochemistry and molecular biology (first-class discipline); Method and technology (two disciplines) unit conversion 1, 000,000,000 nm =1,000,000 nm =1mm (mm)1,000 nm = 65438. M) I sometimes see Amy. It's 10- 10m. 1 nm = 10 Amy (remember? ) silicon single crystal atom nano scanning tunneling microscope image. A single bacterium is invisible to the naked eye, and the diameter measured by microscope is about five microns. For example, suppose that the diameter of a hair is 0.05 mm, and it is cut into 50,000 pieces on average in the radial direction, and the thickness of each piece is about one nanometer. That is to say, one nanometer is about 0.00000 1 mm. Nanoscience and technology, sometimes called nanotechnology, is to study the properties and applications of materials with structural dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. The development of nanotechnology has led to many new disciplines related to nanotechnology. There are nano medicine, nano chemistry, nano electronics, nano materials, nano biology and so on. Scientists all over the world know the importance of nanotechnology to the development of science and technology, so all countries in the world spend a lot of money to develop nanotechnology in an attempt to seize the strategic highland in the field of nanotechnology. China held a seminar on nanotechnology development strategy in 199 1 year, and formulated the development strategy countermeasures. In recent ten years, China has made remarkable achievements in the research of nanomaterials and nanostructures. At present, China's achievements in the field of nano-materials science are higher than any other country in the world, which fully proves that China occupies a decisive position in the field of nano-technology. Nano-effect means that nano-materials have strange or abnormal physical and chemical characteristics that traditional materials do not have. For example, copper, which was originally conductive, will only conduct electricity at a certain nano-scale limit, while silicon dioxide and crystals, which were originally insulated, will only begin to conduct electricity at a certain nano-scale limit. This is because nano-materials have the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface energy and large proportion of surface atoms, and their three unique effects: surface effect, small size effect and macro quantum tunneling effect. For solid powder or fiber, when its one-dimensional size is less than 100nm, it can be called nano-material. For ideal spherical particles, when the specific surface area is greater than 60m2/g, the diameter will be less than 100nm, reaching the nanometer size. The meaning of nanotechnology The so-called nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1~ 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists found that several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules isolated on the nanometer scale show many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology. The main differences between nanotechnology and microelectronics are: nanotechnology studies the realization of specific functions of equipment by controlling single atoms and molecules, and works by using the fluctuation of electrons; Microelectronics technology mainly realizes its function by controlling the population of electrons and works by using the particle nature of electrons. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire micro-world. Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology. From 65438 to 0993, the International Steering Committee of Nanotechnology divided nanotechnology into six sub-disciplines: nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanofabrication and nanometrology. Among them, nano-physics and nano-chemistry are the theoretical basis of nano-technology, and nano-electronics is the most important content of nano-technology. Nanotechnology is a new technology developed rapidly in the early 1990s. Its ultimate goal is that human beings can directly manipulate individual atoms and molecules according to their own consciousness to produce products with specific functions. Nanotechnology reveals the visible world of atoms and molecules with unprecedented resolution. This shows that people's understanding of the micro-world is getting deeper and deeper, and people's understanding and transformation level of the micro-world has improved to an unprecedented height. According to some data, in 20 10, nanotechnology will become the second largest industry after chip manufacturing.
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