Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension.

Too much fat and fat will squeeze blood vessels to some extent. When the pipeline is squeezed, the power source needs to increase power to make the original cycle reach the cycle. When the power of the power source increases, the pipeline pressure will also increase, resulting in high pressure.

2. Hypertension caused by dry blood

It is suggested to drink water scientifically, because the hardness of water is closely related to the occurrence of hypertension. Hard water contains more calcium and magnesium ions, which is an important regulating substance involved in the vasomotor function of vascular smooth muscle cells. If it is lacking, it will easily cause vasospasm and eventually lead to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, patients with hypertension should try to drink hard water, such as spring water, deep well water and natural mineral water.

3, caused by cerebrovascular diseases.

Attention should be paid to strengthening physical strength and physical exercise. Physical exercise is conducive to improving blood circulation, promoting the consumption of lipid substances, reducing the deposition of lipid substances in blood vessels, increasing fibrinolytic activity and losing weight, so we should stick to housework and physical exercise as much as possible. For those with mental retardation, mental disorder and inconvenient physical activities, it is necessary to strengthen nursing to prevent accidents.

4, caused by kidney disease

Such as congenital renal hypoplasia, congenital urinary tract malformation, renal artery stenosis, occult nephritis and pyelonephritis. It is also accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. Generally, the early symptoms of patients are mild, mainly manifested as developmental retardation, pallor and emaciation. With the development of the disease, severe renal hypertension may occur. In addition, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis is often accompanied by hypertension symptoms.

5. Congenital and acquired heart defects.

It is suggested that patients increase appropriate exercise, which can promote the expansion, extension and increase of small cardiac vessels, improve myocardial oxygen supply and improve lipid metabolism in blood. Exercise also helps to improve myocardial metabolism, improve the working ability of myocardium and the metabolic function of the heart. In addition, it can also improve the fibrinolytic activity of blood and prevent hypercoagulability, which is very helpful to prevent and delay the development of atherosclerosis.

Second, what about high blood pressure?

① Western medicine treatment

Antihypertensive drug therapy

(1) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: currently, captopril and enalapril are used.

(2) Calcium antagonists are a group of drugs with different chemical structures and different mechanisms of action. Because it inhibits the influx of calcium ions through calcium channels on cell membranes, it is called calcium channel antagonist. Commonly used drugs are verapamil, thiazides, nifedipine and nitrendipine.

(3) Vasodilator: directly relax vascular smooth muscle, dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Commonly used drugs are: sodium nitroprusside, diazepam and hydralazine.

(4) Antihypertensive drugs acting on sympathetic nervous system.

1. Central sympathetic nerve inhibitors: clonine and methyldopa.

2. Sympathetic ganglion blockers. Ardronate is often used to treat hypertensive encephalopathy.

3. Sympathetic postganglionic blockers. Commonly used drugs are guanethidine and reserpine, which consume the storage of norepinephrine at sympathetic nerve endings and achieve the purpose of lowering blood pressure.

4. Adrenaline receptor blockers

(1) β -blocker: Salicylamine benzidine is an antihypertensive drug and bupropion recommended by WHO.

(2) α receptor blockers: prazosin and doxazosin are commonly used.

(5) Diuretics and antihypertensive drugs: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, furosemide and aminopterin.

Principles of drug treatment

Graded treatment: For general hypertension, drugs with small side effects should be used first. If the curative effect is not satisfactory, one or more drugs with different mechanisms can be gradually added. Graded treatment can be considered.

Grade I: diuretics, beta blockers, calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. You can choose one drug, and if one is ineffective, you can use another.

The second level: combined medication, the two drugs are used together, starting from a small dose until effective, if ineffective, go to the third level.

Three levels: combined medication and combined medication of three drugs.

Grade Ⅳ: If the treatment effect of Grade Ⅲ is not good, guanethidine or clonine can be used instead.

② Chinese medicine treatment

Treatment of hypertension with traditional Chinese medicine

1, hyperactivity of liver yang type

The main symptoms are hypertension and dizziness, accompanied by swelling and pain in the head, red face and red ears, irritability, red tongue with yellow coating and rapid pulse.

Treatment should be based on calming the liver and suppressing yang and nourishing the liver and kidney.

Prescription Tianma Gouteng Yin (Gastrodia elata, Uncaria, Concha Haliotidis, Gardenia, Scutellaria baicalensis, Radix Cyathulae, Eucommiae Cortex, Motherwort, Herba Taxilli, Caulis Polygoni Multiflori and Poria). This prescription has sedative, analgesic and antihypertensive effects, so it is often used for hypertension with hyperactivity of liver yang. When using this prescription, symptoms such as muscle spasm, hand-foot spasm, red tongue (crimson) and less fur should be stopped.

2. Yin deficiency of liver and kidney

The main symptoms are hypertension with dizziness, headache and tinnitus, soreness of waist and knees, red tongue with little coating and rapid pulse.

Treatment should be nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing yin and replenishing essence.

Prescription Qijudihuang Pill (Fructus Lycii, Flos Chrysanthemi, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Corni, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Cortex Moutan). The prescription has the effects of reducing peripheral vascular resistance, regulating blood lipid and resisting arteriosclerosis, and is suitable for patients with renal hypertension. It should be noted that patients with weak spleen and stomach, poor appetite and loose stools should be selected under the guidance of Chinese medicine.

3. Deficiency of Yin and Yang

The main symptoms are hypertension, accompanied by dizziness, palpitation, insomnia, backache and leg weakness, cold limbs, polyuria, pale tongue and thready pulse.

Treatment should be based on nourishing yin and strengthening yang.

Prescription Jinkui Shenqi Pill (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Cortex Cinnamomi, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Cornus officinalis, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma and Cortex Moutan). This recipe can inhibit lipid peroxidation, protect endothelial cell function, improve microcirculation, and lower blood pressure by regulating higher nervous activity. If symptoms such as dry mouth, sore throat and fever occur, please stop using this prescription.

4. Stagnation of phlegm.

The main symptom of this syndrome is more common in obese patients with hypertension. The key points of syndrome differentiation are dizziness, heaviness, chest tightness, excessive phlegm, numbness of limbs, greasy fur and slippery pulse.

Treatment should be phlegm and dampness, spleen and stomach.

Prescription Pinellia Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae Tianma Decoction (Pinellia Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Poria, Glycyrrhrizae Radix, Ginger, Jujube). Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction can effectively improve the blood lipid metabolism of patients with phlegm-turbid middle obstruction type hypertension, make the blood lipid metabolism of patients normal, prevent cholesterol from depositing on the blood vessel wall, and enhance the elasticity of blood vessels, thus making blood pressure tend to be normal. When you use this prescription, you will feel thirsty and like drinking water. You must stop using it.

Third, the diet of patients with hypertension

1, advocate vegetarianism, which can lower the blood pressure of patients with hypertension.

Therefore, patients with hypertension should have a light diet and be rich in vitamins, cellulose, calcium, fat and cholesterol. The total fat is less than 30% of the total calories, and protein accounts for about 15% of the total calories. Advocate to eat more coarse grains, miscellaneous grains, fresh vegetables, fruits, bean products, lean meat, fish, chicken and other foods, advocate vegetable oil, and eat less lard, greasy food and sugar, spicy, strong tea, coffee and so on.

2. Excessive sodium intake is the pathogenic factor of hypertension, and controlling sodium intake is conducive to lowering and stabilizing blood pressure.

Clinical trials show that the daily salt intake of patients with hypertension is reduced from 10.5g to 4.7? D 5.8 grams can reduce systolic blood pressure 4? D6 mm Hg.

3. Quit smoking and drinking:

Smoking and drinking are risk factors for hypertension. Smoking and alcohol addiction may increase the possibility of hypertension complicated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and alcohol can also reduce the responsiveness of patients to antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, patients with hypertension are required to quit smoking and drinking, and those who have difficulty drinking should also limit drinking.

4. Diet:

Do three meals a day regularly and quantitatively, and don't be too hungry and overeating. The daily diet can be arranged as follows: carbohydrate 250? D350 (equivalent to staple food 6? D8 two), fresh vegetables 400? D500, fruit 100g, edible oil 20? D25g, 250g (ml) of milk, and 3 portions of high-protein food (each portion refers to: lean meat 50- 100g, eggs 100g, tofu 100g, chickens and ducks 100g, or fish and shrimp 100g. Among them, 4 to 5 eggs can be used every week).

5, scientific drinking water:

The hardness of water is closely related to the occurrence of hypertension. Studies have proved that hard water contains more calcium and magnesium ions, which is an important regulatory substance involved in the relaxation and contraction function of vascular smooth muscle cells. If it is lacking, it will easily cause vasospasm and eventually lead to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, patients with hypertension should try to drink hard water, such as spring water, deep well water and natural mineral water.