Like other European countries that like high-calorie and high-fat foods, Russian women like to mix all kinds of vegetables and sauces with staple foods, which not only enriches the types and tastes of food, but also effectively controls the intake of pure fat. In addition, Russia is located in a cold zone, so vodka and other wines naturally become people's favorite. Alcohol is also one of the ways to help the body burn fat and supply heat energy. Don't miss it if you love to lose weight.
The eating habits of Russians have distinct national characteristics. They pay attention to cooking, so Russian food is famous all over the world.
1, bread
Russia has been living on bread since ancient times. There are many kinds of bread, including white bread, brown bread, rye flour and corn flour. The consumption of white bread is high. But Russians also like to eat brown bread, even more than white bread. The main raw material of black bread is rye flour, which is rich in vitamins and has high nutritional value. Black bread has the smell of wheat, and it tastes slightly sour, so it will be sweet after chewing for a while. According to the beginning, there are: buns, up to 40 cm in diameter, with patterns on them; Donuts; Padlock-shaped bread; Steamed buns, the size of which is similar to that of steamed buns just started in China, can be cut with meat and cheese; Dry bread; Fig. 8 Sweet bread; Rectangular bread; Oval bread and so on.
There is also a kind of food in Russia, which is called the "second bread" of Russians. This is potatoes. Russians love potatoes very much. According to statistics, Russia consumes 100 kilograms of potatoes per capita every year, which is similar to the consumption of grain. There are many ways to eat potatoes in Russia: boiled potatoes, baked potatoes, mashed potatoes, and small flat cakes made of potatoes, which are used as side dishes for steak and roast chicken.
2, three meals a day
Besides bread and potatoes, there are beef, pork, mutton, milk, vegetables, butter, cheese and so on. Russian catering is characterized by more meat and milk and less vegetables.
Russians eat together. Generally, cold dishes are served first, such as salad, ham, fish and frozen fish, cold lettuce, pickled cucumber and so on. Then the main course, there are three main courses, the first is soup, such as fresh fish soup, clear chicken soup, mixed broth, meatball pea soup, red vegetable soup and so on. Russians especially like to drink red vegetable soup, also known as Luo Songtang. This soup is made by cutting meat into small pieces, shredding Chinese cabbage, potatoes, onions and carrots into water, adding salt, sugar and other seasonings to cook together, pouring sour cream after cooking, and sometimes adding mushrooms and dried plums, which is delicious. Russians can eat bread with soup, which is different from westerners. Moreover, besides white bread, there is a plate of black bread on the dining table. The second course is meat dishes, such as fried steak, roast beef, fried chicken, fried meat pie, as well as potato chips, cabbage and beets. The third and last course is dessert, usually boiled fruit, jelly, ice cream, snacks, sweat, tea or coffee. At banquets, there is usually caviar, which is the top grade of dishes, including black caviar and red caviar. How to eat: first spread a layer of butter on white bread, and then dip red or black caviar in the butter.
Russians are very particular about spices when cooking. Their view is that seasoning can not only flavor, but also increase the nutritional value of vegetables. Their common seasonings are onion, ginger, garlic, pepper and mustard. In addition, they often put bay leaves, cloves, fennel seeds and salad oil mixed with olive oil, egg yolk and spices in their dishes.
Due to the short summer and long winter and insufficient sunshine in Russia, potatoes, cabbages, carrots and onions are the main products all year round, and fresh seasonal vegetables and fruits are rare and difficult to store.
Step 3 drink
Russian favorite beverages include vodka, beer, wine, champagne and other alcoholic beverages; Non-alcoholic beverages such as tea; Kvas and other cool drinks.
Russians are famous for their good wine, and everyone drinks to their heart's content on festivals and birthdays. Among all kinds of alcoholic drinks, they like vodka best. Vodka is almost synonymous with Russia. Russian vodka was introduced from Genoa, Italy in 1428, but Vasily III, the then ruling Grand Duke of Moscow, banned vodka in order to protect the interests of the producers of traditional famous wine mead in his country. Ivan the Red opened the "Royal Wine Garden" in Moscow for the first time, but soon after, he ordered no one to drink vodka except his own guards. Vodka didn't spread among the people until Ukraine merged into Russia. Peter the Great also regarded vodka as the main source of revenue for the national treasury. Vodka is made by treating alcohol with activated carbon to remove impure odor, and then adding water until the alcohol content reaches 36%-60%. Most of the vodka sold in the market is 42 degrees. Vodka made from grains has a crisp taste and a long aftertaste. "Capital" brand vodka is the top grade of this kind of wine. Champagne is an indispensable opening ceremony for various festivals and banquets in Russia, followed by vodka. Le golitsyn is the father of Russian champagne. Russians are good at toasting when drinking, wishing each other encounter, health, children, peace and friendship. When the wine reaches its height, it sings and dances. The first drink is usually dry, and then everyone is free to persuade the wine without following the rules. The third glass of wine is usually prepared for the ladies present. Men have to get up and drink, and women don't have to get up and drink. If you are a guest in the host's house, finally: propose a toast to the housewife and thank her for her cooking and hard work. Russians don't pay attention to snacks and drinks and drink too much. They are often drunk. So there are many drunkards in Russia, and the disaster has caused many social problems. Excessive drinking will increase the crime rate, divorce rate, car accidents, labor productivity and male life expectancy.
Besides drinking, Russians also have a hobby of drinking tea. Russians prefer black tea, with an average consumption of 500 grams per year. Russia only produces a small amount of tea in Sochi in the south, so it mainly relies on imports. Jasmine tea in China and black tea in India are deeply loved by Russians. Every afternoon from 5: 00 to 6: 00, it is the Russian tea time. For a long time, Russians have formed a unique custom of drinking tea:
(1) They drink sweet tea, that is, they put sugar, jam or honey in the tea and eat some sweets, such as homemade cakes, desserts, biscuits and sweets.
(2) I like making tea in a teapot. The teapot is a unique kettle for boiling water in Russia. It is traditionally made of copper, but now it is usually made of stainless steel. Its structure is similar to the copper chafing dish burning charcoal in northern China. The lower part of the pot is equipped with a hollow cylinder for burning charcoal, shavings and pine cones. Almost every Russian family has a copper or stainless steel tea stove, and modern families use electric tea stoves. Hospitality housewives often invite relatives and friends to drink tea and entertain guests with homemade snacks. When drinking tea, the hostess first pours the tea brewed in the porcelain teapot into the guest's teacup, then holds the teacup and fills it with water before the tea is cooked. Cooking and drinking tea is a sign of hospitality.
(3) Like to drink strong tea. Modern people often add some Roma wine to tea.
In addition to drinking and drinking tea, the traditional Russian drink in summer is Kvas, which is a cool drink made by fermenting mint, flour or brown bread, raisins, berries and other fruits and white sugar. In recent decades, mineral water has become the main drink of various conferences.