Handle the relationship between decentralization and strengthening management and services, and stimulate the creative vitality of the market and society.
Decentralization and strengthening management and services are two aspects of transforming government functions. The purpose of decentralization is to make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and stimulate the creative vitality of market subjects; The purpose of strengthening management and service is to give full play to the role of the government and shift the focus of government work to creating a good development environment, providing quality public services and maintaining social fairness and justice. Dealing with the relationship between decentralization and strengthening management and services is not only an inevitable requirement to promote stable economic growth and economic transformation, but also an important measure to strengthen the government's own construction and improve its governance capacity.
In order to enhance the vitality of the market and society and stimulate the development momentum, the government must resolutely let go, put in place and completely let go of the power that should be released, and should not be timid and afraid to act because of fear of chaos. The "Decision" pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the direction of market-oriented reform, "further simplify administration and decentralize power, deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, minimize the central government's management of micro-affairs, and cancel the examination and approval of economic activities that can be effectively regulated by the market mechanism." Deepen reform in an all-round way, return what should be decided by enterprises to enterprises, return what should be decided by the market to the market, and break all kinds of "glass doors", "spring doors" and "revolving doors" that affect fair access and fair competition to ensure equal rights, opportunities and rules for all types of market participants.
"People don't do one thing, and then they can do one thing." To transform government functions, only by letting go of those who should not be in charge can we make reasonable choices, concentrate our efforts, have a clear aim, and keep those who should be in charge at home. While emphasizing decentralization and decentralization and fully stimulating market vitality and social creativity, we must also see that the market is not omnipotent, and there will be various "morbidities" in the unregulated market; The power of social organizations is not unlimited, which is related to national security and the national economy and people's livelihood. What the market mechanism and social forces can't manage and do well is exactly what the government should do. It can't let itself go and be a "shopkeeper". To this end, the "Decision" pointed out that "the government should strengthen the formulation and implementation of development strategies, plans, policies and standards, strengthen supervision over market activities, and strengthen the provision of various public services." By strengthening the management and service functions of the government, we can better play the role of the government in "maintaining macroeconomic stability, strengthening and optimizing public services, ensuring fair competition, strengthening market supervision, maintaining market order, promoting sustainable development, promoting prosperity with * * *, and making up for market failures".
Handle the relationship between governments at all levels and give full play to the enthusiasm of governments at all levels.
The transformation of government functions needs to be conceived as a whole, balanced and integrated, and the article on the transformation of government functions at all levels from central to local governments should be done well. It not only maintains the authority of the central government and the decrees of the higher authorities, but also gives play to the enthusiasm of the local and grassroots; It not only prevents reunification from dying, but also prevents chaos when it is released; Adhere to a game of chess, but also fully consider regional differences, pay attention to differential treatment, classification guidance, and leave reasonable space according to local conditions. The allocation of functions between governments at all levels should follow the principle of synchronization of powers and responsibilities according to actual needs, and the revenue should be collected and the release should be made, so as to form an intergovernmental functional division system with consistent powers and responsibilities and matching powers and financial resources, avoid the asymmetric distribution of rights, responsibilities and interests caused by the downward shift of powers and financial rights, and strengthen the ability of local governments at lower levels to perform their functions and assume corresponding responsibilities.
The "Decision" pointed out that it is necessary to "strengthen the central government's macro-control responsibility and ability." This is because macro-control is overall and strategic. The central government has advantages in judging the development trend, comprehensively using various policy means to regulate economic and social operation, and coordinating current and long-term development, development and reform, economy and society, and regional development. It is necessary to ensure the smooth flow of central government decrees. China is a unitary country, which implements the system of unified leadership by the central government and hierarchical management by local governments. The central government's decision-making and deployment on transforming government functions must be carried out in a unified pace and to the letter. We should not let go of the examination and approval items that have been decentralized. We should strengthen post-event supervision and urge local, grassroots and social organizations to do a good job and manage them well.
The "Decision" requires "strengthening the responsibilities of local governments in public services, market supervision, social management and environmental protection; Economic and social issues that are directly oriented to the grassroots, large in quantity and wide in scope, and more convenient and effective by local management will be decentralized to local and grassroots management. " China is a big country, with different situations and uneven development. In the current stage of economic and social development, people's needs are increasing, levels are different, and government services are becoming more and more complicated. This requires local governments at all levels to give full play to their enthusiasm, proceed from reality, work creatively according to local conditions, transfer and liberalize the power delegated from the central government to the market, manage the functions delegated from the central government to the local government well, effectively put down and implement the powers that should be delegated at the corresponding level, and manage the things that should be managed by local governments well.
Handle the relationship between "slimming" and "strengthening" and optimize government institutions.
The "Decision" pointed out that "the transformation of government functions must deepen institutional reform." At present, the total amount of institutional establishment is already large, overlapping, inefficient, unreasonable in structure and unreasonable in allocation of institutional establishment resources. On the one hand, the weakened areas have not been "slimmed down" in time, and there are too many idle jobs and people are overstaffed; On the other hand, "only slimming without strengthening", some key areas and key links that need to be strengthened are not adequately staffed, and the management of this management is not enough, or even nobody cares. Governments at all levels should attach great importance to this issue and further deepen institutional reform, both to "slim down" and "strengthen the body".
A thousand lines above and a needle below. Now some organs are very big on the top and thin on the bottom, becoming ostriches. Local governments at all levels should make up their minds to strengthen and weaken, especially to strengthen the grassroots and strengthen the front line, make overall consideration of the "slimming" of superiors and the "weakening" of grassroots, and adjust the organizational structure to provide practical protection for the work and life of grassroots cadres. To adapt to the new requirements of the change of government management from pre-approval to post-event supervision, we will shift the focus of market supervision down, strengthen the market supervision function and personnel strength of city and county governments, establish a horizontal and vertical supervision network, and gradually make it sparse and not leaking, and manage it in place.
Handle the relationship between reasonable authorization and effective checks and balances, and strengthen the power operation restriction and supervision system.
Whether the power allocation is scientific, whether the operation is coordinated and whether the supervision is effective is an important symbol to judge the development level of political civilization in a country and region. The current power structure not only has the problems of decentralized functions and "water control in Kowloon", but also has the tendency of power departmentalization and departmental interests. There are problems such as cumbersome procedures and inefficiency, as well as insufficient openness and transparency and poor supervision. The "Decision" pointed out that "it is necessary to build a power operation system with scientific decision-making, firm implementation and strong supervision" and "form a scientific and effective power restriction and coordination mechanism." To achieve this goal, the key lies in finding a balance between promoting the standardization and order of power operation and vitality and efficiency through effective system design, which not only prevents power from getting out of control due to excessive concentration, but also ensures the proper exercise of power and prevents power from being tied behind.
To build a scientific and effective power restriction and coordination mechanism, we should deeply grasp the basic laws of power operation, take scientific system design as the support, take decentralization restriction as the core, and take public accountability as the guarantee, so as to promote mutual restriction and coordination among decision-making, implementation and supervision. Scientifically allocate power, optimize the power allocation between superiors and subordinates, between departments at the same level, and between all links before and after the event according to the principle of corresponding and consistent powers and responsibilities, strengthen and strengthen, decompose and restrict, delegate power, clarify the way, scope and responsibility of power operation, and fix it in the form of system to prevent problems such as seizing power, competing for power, ceding power and exceeding power. Standardize the power operation procedure, adhere to scientific and democratic decision-making, establish and improve the system of collective discussion, hearing consultation and implementation effect evaluation of major decisions, standardize the operation process with the help of network technology, and enhance the rigidity of implementation. Promote the openness of government affairs, conscientiously implement the regulations on the disclosure of government information, and protect the people's right to know, participate, express and supervise. We will improve the administrative supervision system and accountability system, consciously accept the legal supervision of the National People's Congress, the democratic supervision of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the supervision implemented by judicial organs according to law, and guarantee and support the auditing and supervision departments to independently exercise their supervision rights according to law. Strengthen the supervision of the people and public opinion, attach importance to the use and standardization of Internet supervision, smooth the channels of mass supervision, and establish a reverse mechanism of "rights restricting power".
Handle the relationship between direct management and indirect management, and innovate administrative management and service methods.
The "Decision" clearly stated that "the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity should be promoted." Specific to government work, it is to promote the modernization of administrative management and service capabilities, methods and means, and realize the transformation from a regulatory government to a service-oriented government. Influenced by the long-term planned economic system and thinking inertia, in many places and departments, the government intervenes more in microeconomic activities and less in effective macro-control; There are many direct regulation by administrative means, but few indirect regulation by economic means and legal means; Covers a lot of functions, and rarely transfers outsourcing. This not only affects the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, but also provides a breeding ground for corruption, which must be corrected and changed.
The transformation direction of administrative management and service mode is from power-oriented to rule-oriented, from government-oriented to social-oriented, from focusing on authoritative control to focusing on flexible guidance. Improve the macro-control system, pay attention to the use of economic and legal means to adjust, supplemented by necessary administrative means, and constantly enhance the predictability, scientificity and effectiveness of macro-control through the coordination of various means. Promote social governance, stimulate the vitality of social organizations, establish a social consultation and dialogue mechanism, encourage and support all parties to participate in social governance, and realize the benign interaction between government governance, social self-discipline and residents' autonomy. Promote the government to purchase public services. According to the requirements of the Decision, public services suitable for market-oriented provision will be "purchased from the society through contracts, commissions, etc.". Effectively solve the problems of shortage, low quality and low efficiency of public services in some areas, and provide more convenience and benefits for the masses.
Handle the relationship between reform and innovation and administration according to law, and build a government ruled by law.
Transforming government functions is a fundamental change in government functions and operational mechanisms. On the one hand, we should change the traditional habit pattern under the planned economy system with innovative ideas, reform methods and courage, clear the obstacles of institutional mechanisms and departmental interests, and explore new government management mechanisms to meet the needs of economic and social development; On the other hand, administration according to law is the basic criterion and requirement of government work, and it is also one of the goals of government function transformation. Any reform and innovation must be carried out within the framework of the constitution and laws and under the constraints of the system, so as not to go astray and dislocation.
Reform and innovation are the practical basis for the progress of the rule of law, and the rule of law is an important means to promote the reform process and consolidate the reform results. The two are not either/or irreconcilable, but can depend on each other and promote each other. This requires us to abandon the zero-sum thinking of simple opposition and promote reform and innovation by using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law to ensure that reform and innovation go hand in hand with the rule of law. In-depth study, fully tap the internal space of existing laws, systems and policies, revitalize existing resources, provide support for reform and innovation, and ensure that administrative decisions are made according to law, administrative powers are exercised according to law, and administrative faults and illegal acts are investigated according to law. We should carefully plan and actively promote the reform matters that can be decided independently within the legal framework and terms of reference; For major reforms that are not allowed by laws and regulations and really need to be explored in the work, involving state affairs, it is necessary to apply for state-authorized pilot projects to accumulate experience for the full implementation of exploration. Practice has proved that if it is beneficial and feasible, relevant laws should be revised and improved and implemented throughout the country, and the legal system reform should be promoted through administrative reform. It is necessary to introduce institutional measures to escort the "trial and error" of reform within the legal framework, ensure that reformers cut through difficulties, break through minefields and risk beaches, and create a strong atmosphere to support reform and encourage innovation.