"Golden Mirror of Medical Zong" holds that manipulation is the "head of bone setting" and establishes the position of manipulation in orthopedics: "The husband of manipulation is to put the injured bones and muscles in place with both hands and restore them to their old appearance. But the injury is serious and the technique is proper. Its recovery may be delayed, whether it leaves a disability or not, which is related to the correct application of technology, or losing its appropriateness, or failing to do its best. The bones covering a whole body are inconsistent, but the order of the twelve meridians and tendons is different, so we must know their physical appearance and location. Once we are sick, the machine touches the outside, we are born inside, our hands turn at will, and the method comes from our hands. Or drag it away for compound, or push it to reset, or straighten it, or trim its gap, then the bone is broken, broken, obliquely broken, and the tendon is loose, erect, rolled, twisted, rotated, separated and closed. Although it is in the meat, you can know it with your hands. When the method is applied, the patient does not know its pain, which is called manipulation. There are many life-related injuries, such as seven orifices leading to the brain, diaphragm approaching the heart, and four-terminal injury and pain. Even if he has strong vitality, septicemia is easy to disperse, and he can recover in time, and tactics should not be used indiscriminately; If the vitality is weak, once injured, it will be difficult to support it. If the tactics are wrong again, it will be difficult to recover. So I am very cautious. A bonesetter must be smart, know his illness, make good use of his husband's tactics, and then treat himself with multiple effects. Taking the hand as the body of flesh and blood can be used as a wonderful tool, which can be rolled up by itself and opened and closed, and can achieve stagnation of blood gas, swelling and pain of skin, contracture of bones and muscles and emotional pain. Compared with those who hold instruments for detention, it is far from it. If it is technology, honesty is the first. "
Medical Zong Jin Jing discusses in detail eight methods of setting bones, such as touching, receiving, lifting, pushing, taking, pressing and rubbing, which is the first scientific summary of setting bones. Among them, touch is a diagnostic technique, also known as palpation, palpation or palpation. The joint, end and lift are mainly fracture reduction techniques; Pushing, holding, pressing and kneading are mainly soft tissue manipulations. The book's observation and classification of "tendon" (that is, soft tissue) diseases, the description of bone diseases and the theory of "fracture dislocation" are of great guiding significance to massage for bone injuries.
"Medical Golden Mirror" records many massage techniques for treating bone injuries, such as:
Regarding dislocation of thoracic spine (disorder of posterior joint), the book advocates loosening soft tissue first, then pressing the spine for reduction, and cooperating with oral and external drugs: "Those who suffer from cold first, and then suffer from traumatic injury, will stagnate and coagulate. If the spinal tendon is long, the suture will be wrong and it will bend. Knead the tendons first to make them soft; Then press the bone, slowly close the seam, and the back will be straight. Take orally bonesetting Zijindan, then apply Ding Tong powder, scald it with a red soldering iron, apply the medicine when you feel hot, and then paste the prepared paste. "
Regarding the soft tissue injury of the waist, Book 89 introduced a method of relaxing muscles and activating collaterals by pulling the upper body: "Lumbar vertebrae, that is, the bones between the fourteen vertebrae, fifteen vertebrae and sixteen vertebrae of the spine. If you fall, you will lie prone, but you can't lie on your back or side. The pain is unbearable and the waist muscles are stiff. Proper manipulation: stick the spinal muscles on both sides inward to the tarsal bone. The healer will stand on a high place and hold the patient's hand high, so that the spinal muscles will be completely relaxed, and then the patient will stand on his back and hold out his chest, so that the tarsal bone will be taken out. Oral tonic pills, external wanling ointment, moxibustion and ironing analgesic powder. "
With regard to head injuries from falls, the book treats them by stretching the cervical vertebra and hitting the foot with a stick: "Anyone with head injuries without broken bones and tendons and swelling and pain can be treated. First, lift the neck bones and muscles with your hands, then wrap the head with a cloth and tie it tightly, and then gently pat your feet with a vibrator to make the qi of the five internal organs communicate up and down, and the blood stasis will spread, so that your heart will not be anxious or vomit, but you will feel comfortable. If you have covered your head, you won't feel any pain when you pat your feet, and you will be unconscious. Your phlegm will sound like a saw, your body will be stiff, your mouth will overflow with saliva, but your blood will run out and you will not be cured. "
Regarding the dislocation of temporomandibular joint, the book advocates that "one jump is wrong, and two jumps are falls." Anyone who takes off the treatment sheet should take it off by hand, hold the chin with both hands, pull it out slightly, then hold it inward, and then put both hooks on the ring. Then wrap the cloth around the top of your head from the ground cabinet and fix it. "
In addition to Jin Jian, there are other medical monographs in Qing Dynasty, such as The Secret Method of Rubbing Bone, Mastery of Traumatology, Massage Classic, Secret Recipe of Dynamic Massage, Secret Book of Stone Chamber, Supplement to Traumatology, Yizhichan and so on. There are many contents for treating bone injuries.
Massage for children rose in the late Ming Dynasty and was first popular among the people in southern China. In the Qing dynasty, children's massage was further spread among the people and developed throughout the country. As Chen Guixin said in the preface of Li Zheng Massage, "a massage method commonly used by northerners.
When you meet Manchu people in Zhili in Beijing, you often feel a little uncomfortable after drinking. If I use this method, cloud qi can reduce swelling and dredge collaterals, and it is also a good cure. Southerners specialize in treating children, which is called' massage'. Learning is a performer, and there is no need to cure everyone. Every time I see a version of "a massage shock department" hanging in various cities. Therefore, it can be seen that doctors don't ask for a solution, but women eat it. "
In addition to spreading among the people, children's massage has also received the attention of some doctors (mainly pediatricians). For example, Ding Xia, a famous doctor in Kangxi period, not only used drugs to lure the living, but also used massage to treat children's diseases. The book Iron Mirror for Children focuses on massage.
During this period, the indications of children's massage expanded from early convulsion to most diseases in pediatrics.
During this period, the number of children's massage works increased obviously, but they were mainly inherited rather than written, and there was no great innovation in theory, technique and clinic.
High-quality children's massage works in Qing Dynasty include Massage Guangyi, Children's Massage Secretary, Children's Iron Mirror, Massage Method for Protecting Red, Children's Massage Complete Book, and Li Zheng's Massage Essentials.
Tuina Generality (three volumes) was edited by Xiong in Qing Dynasty and revised by Chen Shikai. Written in the 15th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1676). Also known as "children's massage is broad-minded". The first part of the first volume is a general introduction, which discusses the role of massage in the treatment of infantile convulsion, and its main idea comes from the theory of pocket children's tonic prescription; Secondly, it expounds the diagnosis and treatment of pediatrics, introduces the indications of 45 special massage acupoints on hands and feet, and displays them with atlas; Pushing and grasping are the main manipulations, and "two sequences of hand massage" and "two sequences of face massage" are put forward, that is, the routine procedures of hand, head and face massage operations; There are also 2 1 frame control charts, such as "Pushing the Kangong Palace", "Pushing Bamboo" and "Beating the Horse across the Tianhe River", with detailed text descriptions; Finally, Zangfu Song, which comes from Tuina Song in Children's Tuina Classic and Song of Five Zang Organs Treating Diseases in Children's Tuina Tips, discusses the massage methods for children's visceral diseases. The middle volume mainly discusses the massage treatment of 17 fetal toxicity, convulsion, fever and other diseases. The second volume contains 187 oral and external prescriptions for treating common pediatric diseases. This book is the first and most influential book on children's massage in Qing Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, children's massage was mainly used to treat convulsion, but other diseases were often unknown. In addition to the special door for convulsion, this book also has doors for fever, typhoid fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dysentery, malaria, dyspepsia, bulimia, diseases, cough, swelling, eye diseases and miscellaneous diseases, which expands the treatment scope of massage for children. The manipulation chart of massage drawn in the book and Wan Yu Shu Xian in the late Ming Dynasty are great contributions to children's massage.
The 5-volume edition of Kindergarten Massage Secretary, written by Luo Rulong and newly edited by Luo Min, was written in the 30th year of Kangxi (169 1). The fourth volume has the Classification of Massage Diseases and Syndrome.
The Iron Mirror of the Youke was written by Ding Xia in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi (1695). This book is a monograph on pediatrics, but the author pays special attention to massage for children. The first volume contains the methods of children's massage, and in each case there is also the content of children's massage. The massage techniques for children recorded in the book are all handed down by the author or clinically tested, and the map acupoints have also been tested for two generations. Clinically ineffective, such as "old man pulling" and "ape picking fruit", are all deleted. The author thinks that "massage is the taste of medicine" and pretends that "massage replaces medicine". For example, "push to the third level, not ephedra and cinnamon; Retreat the internal organs and replace them with talc and antelope. " Massage must be in the afternoon, not in the morning; The view that slow shock belongs to deficiency, and it is better to take medicine than to push it has also become a family statement.
Massage Method for Protecting Red was compiled by Xia, and was written in the 10th year of Guangxu (1885). Before the book, I explained 12 common manipulations of children's massage, such as taking, pushing, kneading, shaking, twisting, pulling, kneading, transporting, scraping, dividing and harmonizing, which were concise and to the point. This paper describes the matters needing attention in children's massage, and attaches "Massage Medicine". Firstly, this paper describes four methods: opening the heaven, pushing the lunar sun separately, pinching the sky to the marrow, rubbing the ear and shaking the head, and advocates that all children should use these four methods to open and close their orifices first, and then select the method based on syndrome differentiation. Secondly, the manipulation and indications of rubbing Taiyang and other points are briefly introduced, and it is advocated to push each point to pinch the shoulder to get good results. The author handed down his medical skills from generation to generation, and personally set up a specialist in massage for children in Jinling nursery. Therefore, the methods recorded in the book are all practical imitations suitable for clinical practice.
The Complete Book of Massage for Children was compiled by Xu and completed in Guangxu three years (1877). At the beginning, it was a three-sentence melody style, and later people called it "Tuina Sanzi Jing". After that, there are three-character massage classics and four-character pulse diagnosis prescriptions, as well as massage diagrams and operation methods, which are more than three-character classics. Xu believes that the massage contained in ancient books is suitable for children, but there is no essential difference between human meridians and qi and blood, old and young. As long as the massage frequency is adjusted according to the age, the massage method for children is also suitable for adults. In terms of techniques, it is advocated that infants under four years old should be massaged 300 times, children should be massaged 3000 times, and adults over 16 should be massaged 30000 times. It is also advocated to push only one more acupoint, such as pushing the door alone for cholera vomiting and diarrhea, and taking the six fu-organs alone for mumps. The scope of massage therapy in this book has also been expanded. In addition to common childhood diseases, the author also treated cholera, plague, mumps, ulcers, tuberculosis, toothache due to kidney deficiency and other diseases with massage according to the epidemic situation at that time. Xu also summed up the function of acupoint massage and the efficacy of prescriptions by analogy, such as pushing Sanguan Shenfu decoction and moving Bagua to adjust Zhongyiqi decoction.
Li Zheng Tuina, edited by Zhang Zhenlun, was written in the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), also known as Tuina for Children. This book comprehensively summarizes the eight basic manipulations of children's massage popular since the Ming Dynasty, including pressing, kneading, kneading, pushing, transporting, kneading and shaking. It also introduces the concrete application of 20 kinds of external treatment methods, as well as the syndrome differentiation, massage and prescription treatment of 24 kinds of common diseases in children, and introduces the diagnosis of chest and abdomen into massage for children. This book is an important work to study children's massage techniques in the late Qing Dynasty.
Although the massage department in the middle and back leaves of Ming Dynasty was abolished, the massage treatment of adult gynecological diseases was not officially carried out until the Qing Dynasty, but there were still some manual treatments in gynecology and ophthalmology scattered in many medical documents at that time.