Xuanwei City is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province. Located at103 35' ~104 40' east longitude and 25 53' ~ 26 44' north latitude, it is adjacent to Panxian County, Guizhou Province in the east, Zhanyi County in the south, Huize County across Niulan River in the west, Weining County, Guizhou Province in the north and 260 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital. The total area is 6069.88 square kilometers. It accounts for about 1.58% of the total area of Yunnan Province. The urban area is 204km away from Qujing Station 0102 and Kunming. It is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Qujing, Yunnan Province.
Architectural evolution
Xuanwei has a long history. As early as the new era, human beings have lived and multiplied in this land and worked hard. The state of Qin used to be under the jurisdiction of Gu Yelang. After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, Wuchi Road was opened. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (AD 135), Wu Yu County (now Xuanwei) was established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wuyu County was merged into Hanyang County (now Weining and Shuicheng in Guizhou). During the Shu and Han Dynasties, Wuyu County was rebuilt and became Jianning County (now Qujing). In the Tang Dynasty, Momi Temple was established in Dali, and its area includes the territory of Xuanwei, Zhanyi and Fuyuan today. In the 13th year of Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (1276), Yunnan established a province with Zhongshu, with roads, prefectures, prefectures and counties. Qujing Road was assigned to Zhanyi Prefecture, and it was in charge of Jiaoshui (now Zhanyi), Luoshan (now Fuyuan) and Liang Shi (now the northeast of Xuanwei), and Shi Baoshan Xigui Prefecture (later moved to Dongying of Xuanwei River). In the 15th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1382), Qujing Road was changed to Qujing House, and Zhanyi House was placed under Qujing House. The Yi people's surname An Tusi inherited Tuzhizhou, and the state ruled the Xuanwei River in Dongying today. At the same time, abolish the three counties of Zhouling. In the same year, in the hinterland of Tufu (now Xuanwei City), three more Wushaweihou were moved to the capital of Guizhou. In the sixteenth year of Hongwu, after the construction of San Tucheng, he added officials to know the state, and after living in three places, he began to rule the soil and the officials. At the same time, Zhanyi (now Xuanwei City), Ruotang and Kedu were established, and Jiaoshui, Luoshan, Liang Shi and Yuezhou were under Zhanyi's jurisdiction. The ground of Housuo Juntunbao is under the jurisdiction of Wushawei and Sichuan Ministry of Public Security, while Zhanyi Prefecture is still under the jurisdiction of Qujing, Yunnan Province. In the second year (1622) tomorrow, An Liangxiao, the local official of Uza, captured Zhanyi City, and the last three defenders abandoned the city and threw themselves into the water. During the Cui period, Yin Xiang, a member of the Senate, gave a report to Yunnan, and according to the reply, the county has been temporarily moved to Jiaoshui, and Tuzhizhou still lives in Hedong. In the 16th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1659), after going to Yunnan via Hong Chengchou, he decided to move the capital to Yizhou to administer Jiaoshui, which was called Old State. In the fourth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1726), E Ertai, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, participated in the rebellion of local officials and took him to the provincial capital for conviction. Send someone to survey the fields under the jurisdiction of the toast in October. In July of five years, Xuanwei House was established in the name of the former Xuanwei Pass, and the campfire under the jurisdiction of the former Tusi 'an benefited from the top of the high slope, to which Xuanwei belonged. The name of Xuanwei House dates back to the first year of the Republic of China (19 12). In 2 years of the Republic of China, Xuanwei Prefecture was changed to xuanwei county, which belonged to the second district of Yunnan Province.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was still the xuanwei county Qujing Administrative Supervision Department. 1on June 30th, 954, with the approval of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of People's Republic of China (PRC), xuanwei county was changed to Rongfeng County. 1959165438+1October 30th, with the approval of the State Council, the name of Xuanwei County was restored. 1February, 1994 18, with the approval of the State Council, xuanwei county was revoked and Xuanwei was established.
Overview of nature
Xuanwei is located in the northeast of Yunnan Plateau, which is the slope zone of the transition from Yunnan Plateau to Guizhou Plateau. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The highest point in the territory is the main peak of Dongshan, with an altitude of 2,868 meters, and the lowest point is the Lalongcha River at the intersection of Qingshui River and Mudong River, with an altitude of 920 meters and a relative height difference of 1.948 meters. The mountain range crossing the city boundary belongs to Wumeng Mountain System, and it crosses the boundary in two branches. The west and north-central part of Wumeng Mountain belong to Zhongzhu Mountain System, which runs northeast-southwest. The elevation of the ridge is generally 2300-2400 meters. Except for a few areas in Lishan where the relative height difference is relatively large, the peak lines in most areas are relatively uniform and the top surface is relatively flat, which belongs to the shallow-cut mountainous area with small topographic slope (15 ~ 25 degrees) and small relative height difference (200 ~ 300m). This ridge is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. The eastern part of Wumeng Mountain is the Lieshan system, with an altitude of more than 2,500 meters and the highest peak of 2,868 meters. The elevation of the ridge does not change much, and the relative elevation difference is 500-700 meters. Most of the mountains are cut in the middle, and the lower part is steep with a slope of 30-35 degrees. Between the two rows of mountains is a plateau slightly inclined to the southeast, on which many small basins have been formed, such as Rongcheng, Banqiao, Luoshui, Shuyu, Geyi and Baoshan dams. To the east of Dongshan is the slope belt of the transition from Yunnan Plateau to Guizhou Plateau, which is cut by the upper reaches of Beipanjiang River. The western plateau is cut by Niulan River and its tributaries. There are many alpine canyons along the coast, with steep slopes and relatively flat tops. There are some rift lake basins and karst lake basins, and the larger ones are related to Haizi, such as Yingshang, Yaoshang, Xiangzong and Dehai.
Climatic characteristics
Xuanwei is located in the northeast of Yunnan Plateau, with high mountains and deep valleys criss-crossing and high altitude difference. Summer, autumn, winter and spring are influenced by ocean air mass and continental air mass respectively, forming a low-latitude plateau monsoon climate with multiple climatic zones of north subtropical zone, south temperate zone and middle temperate zone. Its main characteristics are: no severe cold in winter, no coolness in summer, small annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference and unclear four seasons; Drought in winter and spring, rainy in summer and autumn, concentrated precipitation, clear wet and dry, and large annual change rate; Sufficient sunshine, low accumulated temperature and great regional differences.
Annual average temperature 13.4℃, highest annual average temperature 14.6℃, lowest annual average temperature 12.7℃, annual temperature difference 1.9℃. The average sunshine for many years is 20 18.5 hours, with sunshine percentage of 47%. The maximum sunshine hours is 2369. 1 hour, and the minimum is 1805. 1 hour, with a range of 564 hours. The largest month is 229.9 hours in March, and the smallest month is September 126.2 hours.
The spatial distribution of precipitation in Xuanwei is quite different. The annual precipitation from southeast to northeast is1200 ~1400 mm; Cold Liangshan area is above 1600 mm; The annual precipitation in the western region is 850 ~1000 mm; Northwest 1000 ~ 1200mm. In the dam area with Xuanwei as the center, the average precipitation for many years is 975.2 mm, and the precipitation time distribution is uneven, and the whole year is divided into obvious dry and wet seasons. 165438+ 10 to mid-May of the following year, mainly controlled by continental air mass, with low temperature, sunny days, abundant sunshine, large evaporation and little precipitation. The precipitation during the period is 164.3mm, accounting for 16.8% of the total annual precipitation, which is a dry season. From late May to 65438+ 10 every year, affected by southwest monsoon and southeast monsoon, the humidity is high, with more clouds and less sunshine, and the precipitation increases sharply. During this period, the average precipitation was 8 15.7 mm, accounting for 83.2% of the annual precipitation, especially in June-July, when the average precipitation was 405 mm, so there were more floods in June-July. The maximum annual precipitation is 1304.8 mm, and the minimum is 657.4 mm. ..
Xuanwei is to the south, with an average annual wind speed of 3.9 m/s. Because of Xuanwei's high altitude, the mountains run north and south and are windy. The average frost days in Xuanwei are 38.7 days, the longest is 6 1 day and the least is 23 days. The average first frost period is165438+1October 4th, and the final frost period is March 30th. The annual average snowfall is 10.6 days, the longest snowfall is 27 days, and the minimum snowfall is 1 day.
Industrial situation
The city's industries mainly include agricultural machinery repair, coal, electric power, mining, chemical industry, metallurgy, chemical fertilizer, building materials, food processing, flue-cured tobacco, grain and oil processing, wine making and pharmacy. Xuanwei is one of the important coal producing areas in this province. Mineral resources include coal, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, lead, zinc, sulfur and asbestos. Xuanwei has convenient transportation. Gui-Kun Railway runs through the city, with four branches, namely Mei Tian, Laibin Coal Mine, Xuanwei Power Plant and Yunnan-Nitrogen Railway, and Tianshu trunk highway is connected with five branches in the city. It can reach neighboring cities and counties and towns in the city. There is a shuttle bus connecting urban areas and towns.
The crops in this city are corn, rice, potatoes, wheat and adzuki beans; The cash crops are flue-cured tobacco and rape. The forest coverage rate is 32.4%, and the standing stock is 4.3 million cubic meters. The main tree species are Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii and Quercus glauca. Cao Shan covers an area of 69,400 mu. Mainly raising sheep, cattle and horses. Livestock are mainly pigs. There are 100 kinds of wild animals. Xuanwei is rich in Xuanwei ham, which is famous at home and abroad. The main characteristics of Xuanwei ham are: it looks like a pipa, but the bones are small, the skin is thin, the meat is thick and the fat is moderate; Cut into sections, with rich aroma and bright color, lean meat is bright red or rose red, fat meat is milky white, bones are slightly pink, and blood gas looks moist. Its quality is good enough to represent Yunnan ham, so it is often called "cloud leg".
Main products:
1, gourmet. Xuanwei has a pleasant climate, fertile soil and beautiful water, which is suitable for the growth of rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, beans and other food crops. It is an important grain production base in Yunnan. Potatoes, in particular, have an annual output of more than one billion Jin and excellent quality, which has been highly praised by experts from the International Potato Association. With the popularization of scientific farming and the further promotion of improved varieties, Xuanwei has broad prospects for grain production.
2. flue-cured tobacco. Xuanwei has a long history of tobacco planting and unique natural conditions. All the 24 towns and villages in the city are planted in a large area, with an annual output of more than kilograms of tobacco leaves 1 100 million, with middle and high-grade tobacco leaves accounting for more than 80%. They sell well in dozens of cigarette factories in more than 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad.
3. fruit. Pears, peaches, apples, chestnuts and walnuts with considerable output provide broad development prospects for agricultural products processing and fruit and dried fruit processing.
4. Economic forest. The main economic forests are Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii and Cunninghamia lanceolata. Xuanwei raw lacquer, which enjoys a high reputation, has excellent luster, strong adhesion, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is a high-quality coating for furniture, architecture and machinery, which is exported to all parts of the country and well received.
5. Xuanwei ham. Xuanwei ham has a long history and is well-known at home and abroad. It is one of the three famous legs in China and a national excellent product. Therefore, Xuanwei has become a famous hometown of Yuntui. Xuanwei ham has a history of hundreds of years. As early as the fifth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, it crossed the ocean and sold overseas, enjoying a high reputation in the world. 1923, Xuanwei ham processed by Puzaiting Brothers Canned Food Company was inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen and presented with exquisite medals.
6. minerals. Besides abundant coal resources (265.438+800 million tons), there are 980,000 kilowatts of hydropower, 80 million tons of iron ore and 6 million tons of manganese ore. Illite is the largest mineral deposit in Yunnan Province. Kaolin, quartz sand and porcelain sand have their own characteristics and are of great development value. Rich resources are an inexhaustible source for Xuanwei to develop modern industry.
Municipal facilities
Xuanwei, the "first pass in Yunnan", has opened Wuchi Road since Qin Dynasty, which has written a brilliant page in the history of transportation. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the highway in Xuanwei has grown from 10 1.3 km to more than 2,000 km, and 24 townships (towns) and 342 village offices (offices) in the city have opened highways. Nowadays, Guiyang-Kunming electrified railway and National Highway 326 pass through the territory, with Xuanwei as the center, forming a transportation network with railways running through the north and south and highways connecting urban and rural areas. Buses and taxis shuttle between cities, which greatly facilitates passengers.
The opening and popularization of program-controlled telephone laid a solid foundation for Xuanwei's social development and economic prosperity. An information age has arrived. Not only urban areas and towns have direct dial international and domestic program-controlled telephones, but even village offices (offices) have basically achieved direct dial. Fax, mobile phone and wireless paging are developing rapidly. At present, the total number of telephones has reached 2 1569, and 2756 mobile phones are connected to the internet. The videophone project has also started.
-Xuanwei City has an overall planning area of 43 square kilometers, and it has been built 1 1 square kilometer; More than 40 large and small streets have been built, with a total length of more than 60 kilometers; Three street gardens, three city parks and two nurseries have been built, with a per capita green area of 8.6 square meters. The north-south transit road with huge investment and the 50-meter-wide East Street have been completed and put into use. In addition, the completion of several star-rated hotels in recent years has promoted the development of Xuanwei's cultural entertainment and catering services to high quality, high taste and high level.
-The magnificent Xuanwei Power Plant, Longkou Power Station and Yueliangtian Hydropower Station are the shining pearls of Xuanwei. Xiangshui Hydropower Station, with an annual output of 630 million kWh, invested by Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, is about to be completed. Xuanwei City has formed a power grid that combines hydropower and thermal power with large and small power supply and distribution. The rich power industry provides a reliable power guarantee for Xuanwei's industrial production.
-By 1995, Xuanwei had completely completed the task of popularizing the sixth grade. At present, there are 1 185 primary schools, 52 junior high schools, 1 1 high schools and 3 vocational schools in the city. Famous schools such as Xuanwei No.1 Middle School and No.5 Middle School are famous both inside and outside the province. The quality of education is gradually improving, and the college entrance examination is getting better and better every year. Xuanwei people, who account for only one-eighth of Yunnan's population, account for a quarter of Yunnan's favored children who enter various colleges and universities every year, that is, there is one Xuanwei person in every 14 college students in Yunnan. Xuanwei Normal School has trained a large number of qualified primary school teachers for Xuanwei and surrounding counties. With the rapid development of vocational education, Xuanwei City has been recognized by the State Education Commission as the only national demonstration key vocational middle school in Yunnan Province.
administrative division
In 2005, Xuanwei administered 4 streets, 14 towns, 8 townships, 24 communities (neighborhood committees) and 33 1 village committees, and 25 communities, namely Wanshui Street, Xining Street, Shuanglong Street, Hongqiao Street, Laibin Town, Tang Tang Zhen, Tianba Town, Banqiao Town, Yangchang Town and Gege Town. The total number of households in the city is 3,222,376, with a total population of1411295,000. Among them, agricultural population 12757800, non-agricultural population13438+05000; The population of ethnic minorities is 901650,000, including 64.055 million Yi, 65,438 Hui, 37,560 Miao, 65,438 Zhuang and 665,438 Bai. There are 745,956 males and 665,339 females. The natural population growth rate is 8.20‰, and the population density is 224 people per square kilometer.
cultural relic
Xuanwei has a long history and many cultural relics, including city (county) and provincial cultural sites 15, ancient buildings 15, epitaph 18, 7 kinds of cultural relics and 7 scenic spots.
Cultural sites. One is the Neolithic site of Geyi Jiaojiandong, which has been identified by the provincial, Qujing and Xuanwei archaeology. The second is Yingchuanying Site, which was built by Fu Youde, a general of Ming Dynasty, in Gucheng Village east of Xuanwei. Third, the third wall of Wusawei is located at the east entrance of Yuejia Lane in the east of Xuanwei City, and there are some residual walls, which were built in the sixteenth year of Ming Hongwu (1383); 4. Keduguan, located in Kedu Village, Liu Yang Township, was built in the early years of Ming Hongwu; 5. Kedu Ancient Post Road, located on both sides of Kedu River at the junction of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, is about 10 km long, paved with stone slabs and built in Qin; Liu Kedu Ancient Fort, located next to Kedu Village in Liu Yang Township, was built in Fu Youde in Ming Dynasty; 7. Xuanweiguan site built at the intersection of Xiabao Street and Ximen Street in Xuanwei City in Ming Dynasty was destroyed by fire during Daoguang period in the late Qing Dynasty; 8. Shangying Castle Site, located in Beiying Village, northwest of Xuanwei City, was initiated by Miao Yuzhai during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty; Nine, Zhuge Ying site, in Dongying Village, Chengdong River, Xuanwei, Li Huijian, general of the Three Kingdoms Shu; X. The former site of the Hong Jiu Legion is located in Banqiao No.1 Middle School (formerly Banqiao Primary School). On the afternoon of April 26th, 1935, the Red Army's Long March passed through Xuanwei, where the Hong Jiu Legion set up its headquarters.
Ancient buildings. 1. Zhanyizhou Tuzhizhou Family Temple was built in Dongying Village, Chengdong River, Xuanwei, in the sixteenth year of Ming Hongwu; Secondly, if we can look at this department, it was rebuilt on the basis of the original Ruotang Post Office in Ruotang Village, Ruotang Town in the 11th year of Qing Yongzheng. 3. Songhe Temple, the Dongshan Temple, was built in the early Ming Dynasty and is a building complex integrating Buddhism and Taoism. 4. Shanqing Temple, located in the city printing house, was built in the Ming Dynasty; 5. Santai Cave, built in the 16th year of Qingganlong (175 1), is located on the broken rock in Xize Valley, 35km west of the city. 6. Guanyin Pavilion, located in Duole Primary School, 25 kilometers southwest of the city, was built in the Republic of China19 (1930); Qi Laibin Stone Pagoda, located in the north of the city 15km south of Laibin Village, was built in 19 12 and belongs to the Feng Shui Pagoda. 8. Hou Shi Ancestral Hall, located in Huidong Village, southwest of the city, was built in the early Republic of China; 9. Wei Jinjie Manor, located in Rabbit Farm Village, 50 kilometers southeast of the city, was built in the Republic of China 19. It is a distinctive private manor in Xuanwei. X. Li Si Bridge, built on the Xianghe River in Tianba, the New People's Republic of China, is a wooden bridge in Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty and a stone bridge in Guangxu. It was destroyed by a military disaster in 10 and rebuilt in 13; 1 1. kedu stone bridge, built on the north kedu river in kedu village, Liu Yang township1916; 12. Dacheng Hall of Confucian Temple, in Xuanwei No.1 Middle School, was built in the seventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1729) and rebuilt in the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837); 13. Rongcheng Academy, formerly known as Minglun Hall of Xuanwei No.2 Middle School, was converted into an academy in the forty-third year of Qingganlong (1778); Fourteen, Pu Zaiting's former residence, located in the urban area, was built in the early years of the Republic of China; 15. Chaoyang Cave, located on Shuishui Huang Lu Road, was built in the 49th year of Qingganlong (1784).
Graves and inscriptions. There are mainly Xiepo Liangdui Tomb, Liangdui Tomb, Gengxing Ancestor-grandson Buried Tomb, Miao Liangyu Tomb, Miao Father-son Tomb, Li Couple Tomb, Yan Tomb, Tomb, Gengrang Tomb, Monument to the Founding Father of the Qing Dynasty, Preface to Rebuilding Xuanwu Ancestral Temple, Tomb of Long-haired Old and Young Soul in Gengtunhe Fort, Monument to Mistakes, and Tomb of Yang Fuzhen.
The collection of cultural relics mainly includes Nanyuan inkstone, Yuhuchun porcelain pot, Li Fengyu, Kangxi bronze bell, Xu's calligraphy, his grape paintings, and the inscription book of important figures in the Republic of China.
The scenic spots mainly include Dongshan Park (a provincial tourist attraction), Wanshui Park, Tianshengqiao (Shuanghe), Laibin Longdong, Miaoshan Forest Park, Daxiangshui and Rong Feng Sunrise.
202 1, 1 month, Xuanwei City ranked 64th in the list of the top 100 demonstration counties and cities in China in 2020.
In September 2020, the list of "Top 100 Counties and Cities in Western China in 2020" was published, and Xuanwei City was on the list, ranking 4 1.
In June 2020, Xuanwei City was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Second Army)).
In April 2020, Xuanwei City was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 19.
From August 2065438 to August 2009, the People's Government of Yunnan Province listed Xuanwei as a "one county and one industry" demonstration county in Yunnan Province, with beef cattle and other animal husbandry (ham and pigs) as its representative industries.
20 18,10 In June, Xuanwei was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities in western China on 20 18, ranking 34th.
On March 20 15, Xuanwei won the honor of the third batch of advanced units in the national legal county and urban area creation activities.
In 2005, Xuanwei ranked 16 among the top 100 counties of meat production in 2005.