This month is the period with the shortest light, lowest temperature and changeable weather in a year. However, this month is a critical period for seedling raising of eggplant, tomato, cucumber, watermelon and other vegetables in greenhouse (arch shed) in early spring, and it is also a critical period for management of vegetable stubble in overwintering greenhouse. Agricultural activities in vegetable fields this month mainly include:

1, strictly cultivate eggplant seedlings. "Miao Zhuang harvests half", and strong seedlings are the foundation of high quality and high yield. Tomato, pepper and eggplant cultivated with multilayer plastic film in greenhouse began to be cultivated in February last year (1 1 ~ 12), and now they have gradually entered the seedling stage. It should be noted that the temperature at night should not be too low, generally not lower than 65438 02℃, otherwise long-term low temperature will affect flower bud differentiation and directly affect the quality and yield of fruits in the future. At the same time, we should do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases at seedling stage. During this period, cucumber seedlings began to grow in greenhouses and greenhouses in early spring, and grafting was often used to raise seedlings. . Grafting seedling time is from 1 month to early February, and the seedling age is 50-60 days. It will be set in a multi-layer covered greenhouse in late February or a single-layer greenhouse in mid-March. The temperature is low in this period, and how to improve, maintain and manage the temperature is the key to the success or failure of seedling raising.

2. 1 In the middle and late months, cauliflower and cabbage seedlings cultivated in the arch shed in early spring will be raised in the greenhouse. Remember that the night temperature of Chinese cabbage seedlings should not be lower than 13℃ for a long time to avoid bolting in spring.

3. Tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, celery and other crops. The multi-layer (three-film and one-film) greenhouse has entered the late growth stage, so it should be harvested in time according to the market situation, and the stubble should be prepared quickly to prepare for the next crop of vegetables.

4. Watermelon with multi-layer coverage in greenhouse should be selected, and varieties with strong low temperature tolerance and low light tolerance should be selected. At this time, the key factors affecting watermelon seedling raising are still light and temperature, and a certain temperature difference between day and night should be maintained to facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings and promote flower bud differentiation. Friends of melon farmers must build seedling raising facilities, and transform the simple seedling raising shed in the form of a small shack into a sunlight greenhouse with good lighting conditions and good thermal insulation effect. It is suggested that heating facilities such as ground hotline and fire path should be laid before seedling raising, so as to be prepared. This period is the key period of vegetable management after a long winter. Pay attention to the weather forecast to prevent strong cold wave weather, raise the temperature temporarily when necessary, scrub the greenhouse film frequently, and clear the snow in time. In principle, vegetables in greenhouses should not be flooded during this period to prevent the ground temperature from dropping significantly.

The weather in May1month is mostly low temperature and weak light, so the solar greenhouse can be ventilated and dehumidified for a short time at noon. It is suggested to use dust agent and aerosol to control pests and diseases, and try not to use spray to reduce the humidity in greenhouse.

In February, the solar term is the beginning of the spring rain.

Although the temperature is still very low this month, it has begun to rise. "A year's plan lies in spring", and this month should be the busiest time for seedling raising, soil preparation and vegetable management in greenhouses.

1, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper and zucchini seedlings began to colonize in the solar greenhouse in early spring. Fertilization and soil preparation should be done in time for early spring cultivation in greenhouse; Cabbage and cauliflower seedlings cultivated in greenhouses can be planted; Pepper, tomato and eggplant exposed to plastic film in spring began to emerge at this stage.

2. Watermelon seedlings covered with double layers in the greenhouse began to grow in mid-February.

3. During this period, cucumbers and zucchini covered in small sheds should be nursed back to normal.

4. Beans and cowpeas covered with double films in greenhouses and middle sheds will be broadcast live in late February.

In late May and February, Chinese cabbage can be raised in greenhouse in early spring, and the temperature at night should not be lower than 13℃ to prevent vernalization. Spring radish in greenhouse can also be planted during this period.

The seedlings of solanaceous vegetables cultivated under protective conditions from June 5438+02 to June 5438+0 have reached 2 or 3 leaves 1 heart, so it is necessary to divide the seedlings in time, and it is recommended to use nutrition pots to protect the roots and divide the seedlings. The farmer's proverb "half the seedlings are harvested, and half the strong seedlings are harvested" is about the importance of cultivating strong seedlings. The time of two leaves 1 heart of tomato seedlings is the key period for flower bud differentiation. Therefore, special attention should be paid to temperature management, and the temperature at night should not be lower than 12℃, which is beneficial to normal flower bud differentiation, otherwise tomatoes will be easily deformed if they are exposed to cold for a long time.

7. Celery will be listed in the open field from June to July, and the beginning of spring will be covered with a small arch shed, so it can be planted before the long summer.

8. Pay attention to uncovering the film to dry the winter cauliflower and cabbage, prevent the seedlings from baking at high temperature, and pay close attention to watering the green water.

9. From the end of February to March, garlic and scallion began to enter the rapid growth period, and attention was paid to the prevention and control of underground pests such as garlic maggots.

In March, the solar terms are fright and vernal equinox.

The severe winter is coming to an end, and the natural world reappears its vitality, and the agricultural activities in vegetable fields are more busy. This period is the peak of cucumber production in greenhouse. Although the temperature is rising, it is still abnormal, which brings a lot of inconvenience to agricultural activities. During this period, we should pay special attention to the phenomenon of "late spring cold", low temperature and cold damage, and high temperature in seedling shed at noon.

1, tomato, pepper, eggplant and cucumber in greenhouse began to be planted, and cucumber, zucchini and tomato in overwintering greenhouse should pay attention to topdressing, watering and strengthening pest control, which is the key period to strive for yield and benefit.

2. Watermelon cultivated in plastic film or open field in early spring begins to grow in a small arch shed at this stage, and the seedling age is about 30 days. At present, attention should still be paid to the management of temperature and temperature difference between day and night in order to cultivate strong seedlings and flower bud differentiation.

3. Before and after the vernal equinox, green onions began to sow and raise seedlings, and spring leeks also began to sow and raise seedlings.

4. Cucurbita pepo is cultivated with plastic film in spring, and seedlings are started.

5. Live broadcast of spring cabbage, radish and carrot.

6. Pepper seedling raising of wheat and melon began.

In April, the solar terms are Qingming and Grain Rain.

This is a season of sowing and also a season of harvest.

1. Cucumber and zucchini in greenhouse are listed in early spring. Tomato and cucumber in greenhouse are at the peak of high yield, but at this time, cucumber downy mildew, gray mold and tomato gray mold began to occur frequently. We must implement the principle that prevention is better than cure. In late April, Pieris rapae began to occur in the open field, so pay attention to prevention and control.

2. You can also grow green onions and leeks.

3. "Before and after Qingming, plant melons and beans". During this period, open field and plastic film watermelon will be directly broadcast. At the same time, the seedless watermelons interplanted with wheat are raised, and the watermelons raised in advance can be covered with plastic film for colonization.

4. After Grain Rain, solanaceous vegetables in most parts of the Central Plains began to be transplanted into the fields; Pumpkins planted in advance in a small arch shed should be ventilated to avoid growing in the shed, and the film should be uncovered in late April.

5. Live broadcast of cucumber, cowpea and kidney bean in spring.

In May, the solar terms are long summer and full summer.

The climate in this period is pleasant, and the average temperature in central Henan is 19℃ ~ 23℃, which is the best time for many warm-loving vegetables to blossom and bear fruit, and it is also the high incidence of vegetable diseases and insect pests in protected areas. The main farming activities of vegetable fields this month are:

1, vegetables in greenhouse are released day and night, and water and fertilizer management is strengthened. Combined with watering, ternary compound fertilizer 15㎏ and urea 5㎏ can be applied each time, and at the same time, the prevention and control of pests and diseases of various vegetables can be strengthened to improve the commodity rate and strive for high yield and efficiency.

2. In the middle of last year, we should pay close attention to planting watermelon, pepper, eggplant and other vegetables in the wheat field, and the interplanting time should be 20 ~ 25 days before the wheat harvest, not too early.

3. Cultivate heat-resistant cabbage and cabbage seedlings.

4. Sow summer soybeans and summer cucumbers. Cucumber seedlings treated with zenggualing or 1ml ethephon and 2㎏ water during the second to fourth leaves can reduce the node position of cucumber, and cucumber can be put on the market 45 ~ 50 days after emergence.

5. Autumn celery seedlings in the open field began. The "Li San" celery, commonly known by the masses, is to grow seedlings in long summer, sow in beginning of autumn and harvest in beginning of winter. Accelerating germination at low temperature before sowing, and blocking weeds with "oxadiazon" within 3 days after sowing, the effect is very good. Pay attention to shade, rain, disease prevention and moisture prevention when seedlings are grown.

6. Tomato seedlings in the open field in summer began in early May, with seedling age 1 month. After the wheat is harvested, it is planted, and the fruit can be harvested in 50 days, just in time for the off-season of tomatoes in August.

7. Every year from late May to early June is the high incidence period of watermelon, tomato, pepper and zucchini virus diseases. Use 70% imidacloprid to control aphids in advance, use avermectin to control red spiders, and spray "Jianzhibao" twice to control virus diseases.

In June, the solar terms are mango and summer solstice.

June has entered the summer, and the monthly average temperature can reach 25℃ ~ 26℃. Most of the fruits and vegetables in the shed have been planted, so it is necessary to clean up the sick and disabled bodies in the shed to alleviate the diseases of the next crop. The open-field vegetables in this period have entered the peak harvest period. At this time, the wheat in the Central Plains has been harvested. Choose some heat-resistant and disease-resistant vegetable varieties and sow them in time. You can enter the harvest period in two months to make up for the off-season of autumn vegetables in August-September, and the benefits are good.

1, do a good job in planting summer cucumbers. Pay attention to the timely treatment of seedlings with ethephon or zenggualing at the 2 ~ 4 leaf stage to promote flower bud differentiation, early fruiting and more fruiting.

2. Plant summer cabbage, summer cabbage and summer cauliflower. Early-maturing cauliflower seedlings were cultivated in late June and harvested before National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival. The price of vegetables in this period is generally high.

3. Cultivate celery seedlings. Celery planted in greenhouses in autumn can be raised in the middle and late June, which is in the hot and rainy season. Must be planted after low temperature germination, pay attention to shade and rain. Use "oxadiazon" to block weeding.

4. Generally, watermelons planted in the open field in spring at the end of April enter the melon-sitting period at this time. Before sitting on the melon, we should strictly pay attention to proper water control and nitrogen control to prevent vigorous growth, so as to facilitate watermelon sitting on the melon; Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in time after watermelon fruit setting, so as to help watermelon expand and strive for high yield. In the meantime, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphids and watermelon virus diseases.

The end of May and June to the beginning of July is the key period for pepper seedling in greenhouse after autumn. At this stage, attention should be paid to shade, rain and pest control. Multi-layer coverage of pepper in greenhouse in autumn can postpone the harvest time of red fruits until the Spring Festival, with good benefits.

6. Planting green onions. Onion seedlings cultivated in the autumn equinox or in March-April last year should be planted quickly after wheat harvest and take root before lodging to ensure a bumper harvest. Some areas also have the habit of raising green onion seedlings during this period.

7. Utilization of greenhouse. In June, the vegetables in the greenhouse are pulled out one after another, and the greenhouse can be treated as follows: (1) dig deep into the sun to ripen the soil. (2) Covering the arch with a sunshade net, rolling up the shed film for ventilation, and planting heat-resistant spinach and coriander. (3) Planting onions or corn to improve the soil. For fields with root-knot nematodes, attention should be paid to prevention and control during this period. After the previous crop is harvested, it can be ploughed for more than 30㎝, ridged with a ridge height of 30㎝, irrigated until the ridge is flat, then covered with plastic film, and heated to above 40℃ 10 ~ 20 days in the greenhouse, which has obvious nematicidal effect.

In July, the solar terms are slight summer heat and great summer heat.

July is a changeable weather, which requires irrigation during drought and drainage during waterlogging. This period is the key period for raising seedlings of cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, pepper and eggplant in autumn greenhouse. Full-protection seedling raising is a necessary condition to ensure the success of seedling raising, that is, using film for rain protection, shading net for shading, insect-proof net and disease prevention.

1.Heat-resistant Chinese cabbage is sown in early July, and the harvest period is arranged around the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival, when the price is generally higher. Prevention and control of virus diseases, aphids, Pieris rapae, etc. from seedling stage.

2. Continue to breed pepper seedlings after autumn: The seedling raising period of pepper in greenhouse after autumn is from the end of June to July 20th, and the cultivation in greenhouse can be postponed appropriately. The seedling age is about one month, and it will be listed at1early October to Spring Festival 165438+.

3. The best sowing date of autumn cauliflower and cabbage in Central Plains is the first half of July.

4. Generally, tomato seedlings in greenhouse are raised in early July, sowed in mid-August, yielding 3000 plants per mu, and harvested from mid-June to mid-February. In recent two years, tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease has occurred seriously. Once the disease occurs, it will often lead to a significant decline in output or even no harvest. The best way is to do a good job of prevention from the seedling stage, and take "full protection" measures such as sunshade net, shed film for rain protection and insect net to cultivate strong seedlings and prevent Bemisia tabaci from spreading poison.

5. For autumn cucumbers planted in the open field in early July, varieties with heat resistance, high resistance to downy mildew and bacterial angular leaf spot must be selected at this stage, and harvested 50 days after direct seeding. In order to promote flower bud differentiation and reduce the node position of cucumber, the seedlings were treated with 200ppm ethephon (40% ethephon 1ml water 2㎏) or zenggualing at the 2 ~ 3 leaf stage.

6. Carrots were planted from mid-July to mid-August, and varieties with high quality and high yield, beautiful root shape and high three-red rate were selected. It is effective to block weeding with "oxadiazon" or "Tian Bu".

In August, the solar terms are beginning of autumn and summer.

It is still hot and rainy in August, so we should avoid high temperature and humidity in the early stage, grasp high yield in the later stage and do a good job in autumn sowing.

Early autumn cabbage can still be sown in 1 and early August, so you can grab the market early. The best sowing date of winter storage Chinese cabbage is in the middle and late August.

2. Sow cucumber in greenhouse in early August after autumn, and treat seedlings with ethephon or zenggualing to promote flower bud differentiation.

3. Plant carrots well. The sowing date is in mid-August. You can also plant early-maturing pure white radish varieties, which will be listed in advance and have higher yield.

4. Heat-resistant early spinach can be sown at the end of August and listed one month after emergence.

5. The best seedling period of tomato in greenhouse is in the middle and late August, and the seedling age is about 1 month, and it can be harvested before the Spring Festival to June of the following year. In this period, it is still necessary to prevent diseases, especially TY virus, and cultivate strong seedlings.

6, fixed value celery. Celery in the open field in early autumn can be fixed, and the cultivation in greenhouse can be postponed to late August or early September.

7. Plant open-field zucchini. In late August, autumn zucchini seedlings can be cultivated in full protection, or direct seeding zucchini can be harvested within one month. At present, cotton intercropping with zucchini is a good crop in cotton producing areas, and the benefits are very good in some years.

In September, the solar terms are the Millennium and the autumnal equinox.

It is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity, manage autumn vegetables in the field, and do a good job in winter sowing and vegetable seedling raising in protected areas.

1, cultivate onion and scallion seedlings. Raising onion seedlings around the "White Deer" in northern Henan can be postponed until the middle and late September in the south. Welsh onion seedlings are cultivated around the autumnal equinox.

2. Plant fast-growing leafy vegetables. Such as sea cucumber, coriander, oil wheat vegetables and so on.

3. Grafting seedling raising technology of cucumber after long winter. The grafting period is about September 20 ~ 65438+1October 15, so seedlings cannot be raised prematurely.

4. Tomato, pepper and eggplant can continue to grow seedlings during this period. Seedling age is 40 ~ 45 days, 5,438+15 ~ 6 leaves in the middle of October are fixed in the greenhouse.

5. Sow Chinese cabbage seedlings and seedlings in autumn. For chemical control of radish and carrot with overgrown leaves, 0. 1% chlormequat chloride or 100 ~ 150 ppm paclobutrazol 1 ~ 2 times can be sprayed in late September to control overgrown leaves, transfer nutrients to roots and prevent the formation of radish with big tassels.

6. Use "Khan+Imidacloprid" to control whiteflies on vegetables such as tomatoes and peppers in greenhouse in autumn.

In October, the solar terms are cold dew and first frost.

The average monthly temperature in the north of our province has dropped to about 15℃, and frost began at the end of 10. Warm-loving vegetables entered the harvest period, cold-resistant and semi-cold-resistant vegetables entered the vigorous growth period, and vegetable field agricultural activities shifted to protected areas.

Overwintering cauliflower and cabbage seedlings were bred in the first ten days of 1 and 10/0, and the seedling age was 30 ~ 35 days. After planting, cover the winter with plastic film.

2.65438+ 10 In the first ten days of June, the seedlings of summer squash began to grow, and the seedling age 15 ~ 20 days. Overwintering of summer squash with long stubble is also a good cultivation method. Like cucumber, each plant can produce about 30 melons, and the benefit per mu is about 30 thousand yuan.

3. Pay close attention to planting a large area of fruit and vegetable seedlings in the solar greenhouse. Smoke shed disinfection: 45% tremella smoke suppressant is 0.75㎏ per mu, 100-insect smoke suppressant is 1㎏, the smoke shed is closed for 1 ~ 3 days, and after outdoor ventilation, vegetable seedlings such as tomato, eggplant, pepper and cucumber which have been wintering for a long time are planted with sufficient base fertilizer and appropriate density. It is best to finish sowing before 10+00, because the temperature drops after sowing, and the slow seedling stage is long, which affects the robust growth of seedlings and has a great impact on yield. The straw cover is covered with a waterproof film, which can play a good role in cold protection and heat preservation.

4. Vegetables cultivated in sunlight greenhouse and shed in autumn should be covered with plastic film in the middle of this month to prevent early freezing injury. In the later period, the greenhouse should be covered with grass, and the air should be fresh after plastic film mulching to prevent the seedlings from growing white at high temperature. The harvest of celery in the open field can be delayed by 1 ~ 2 months if it is buckled on a small arch shed to cover grass.

5. This period is the key period for the fruit expansion of tomato and pepper in greenhouse. After autumn in greenhouse, tomatoes and peppers should be topped in time to promote fruit expansion. 10 in early October, the tomato leaves were flat-topped with three or four ears; Pepper 10 10/0, after mid-October, all flowers were picked and pitted, and empty branches were removed, which reduced the ineffective consumption of nutrients and promoted the formation of commercial fruits. At the same time, continue to use "Khan+imidacloprid" to control Bemisia tabaci and Bemisia tabaci in greenhouse in autumn.

6. Onion uplift: the growth rate of onion accelerated in 65438+ 10. In order to increase the length of onion and improve the quality of onion, furrow onion should be tillered for 2-3 times, and the height of each tiller should not be lower than 10 ㎝, so as not to press the heart leaves.

7. Strengthen the management of radish and Chinese cabbage in the middle and late stage: radish grows into the rapid expansion period of fleshy roots, and Chinese cabbage enters the flowering period. At this time, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in order to obtain high yield.

8. End onion planting from10 to10: When the onion seedlings reach 4-5 leaves and the stem diameter is about 0.5㎝, reach the planting standard, spray "mowing" on the border, spread plastic film and plant 22,000-pieces per mu.

9. In some areas, pepper and eggplant covered with multiple layers in greenhouses and sunshine beds in early spring began to grow seedlings in cold sheds.

10. At the beginning of this month, when sowing wheat, you can interplant vegetables in the reserved area of wheat, and advocate interplanting grain, cotton, vegetables and melons. If you plan to interplant wheat melon or wheat pepper, the reserved area left during wheat planting will be used for intertillage fertilization, and you can interplant cold-resistant vegetables such as spinach, garlic seedlings, Chinese cabbage and black rapeseed.

1 1 month, and the solar terms are beginning of winter and Xiaoxue.

Warm-loving vegetables planted in the open field have ended. For semi-cold-tolerant vegetables, we should seize the opportunity and do a good job in pre-harvest management. Moreover, cold-resistant vegetables can be replanted if the area is not enough; For greenhouses, it is necessary to plant them in time and strengthen the cold and antifreeze work.

1, do a good job of pulling out seedlings and clearing gardens for open-air warm vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplant and potatoes.

2./kloc-planted in early October 165438+ covered with plastic film as cauliflower seedlings and onion seedlings for overwintering cultivation.

3. Pay close attention to planting celery in greenhouse: After tomato and cucumber seedlings in greenhouse are pulled out in autumn, pay close attention to planting celery seedlings cultivated in the open field in early autumn. 30,000 celery plants per mu, with celery 1.5 million plants per mu, and harvested in the first half of March of the following year. Then plant cucumbers, peppers and so on. Does not affect the cultivation of fruits and vegetables in the greenhouse.

4. Do a good job in purchasing and storing radishes, cabbages and green onions. 1Harvest radish 165438+ in the first half of October, and harvest Chinese cabbage and green onion in the second half. In order to plant winter cabbage in southern Henan, it is necessary to do a good job of heat preservation and antifreeze under cold winter conditions.

5. Strengthen the cold-proof and heat-preservation work of the vegetables with big stubble in the overwintering greenhouse, and cover the peppers with plastic film or grass for the second time in time for autumn extension.

6. Do a good job in tomato and pepper seedling raising with multi-layer coverage in greenhouse. If it is too late to raise seedlings in cold bed in June 5438+ 10, you can continue to raise seedlings in greenhouse.

7. Spinach or winter cabbage should be planted in the wheat field, and cauliflower or onion can also be interplanted. Winter cabbage is harvested in April, and early-maturing watermelons are not delayed; Hana Haruna harvested in May; Onions are harvested from late May to early June.

8. Celery cultivated in long summer and early autumn should be harvested in time before and after beginning of winter to prevent freezing.

12 months, solar terms are heavy snow and winter solstice.

The outside world has entered the cold winter, but the greenhouse is full of spring. The work in 65438+February focused on greenhouses and seedling sheds.

1. In the spring of the following year, early-maturing eggplant seedlings were cultivated and covered. Tomato, eggplant and pepper seedlings were raised in greenhouses and hotbeds in early February, and the seedling age was 90 ~ 100 days. They were planted in large and medium-sized arch sheds when they were in full bloom in mid-March.

2. Early-maturing cabbage and cauliflower seedlings were sown in arch shed or sunny border in the middle and late February of 65438+.

3. In autumn, celery and greenhouse pepper in protected fields should strengthen cold protection and heat preservation, pay attention to disease prevention and prevent epidemics; In autumn, tomatoes are harvested and stored in greenhouses for the New Year's Day market. Before harvesting, spray fungicides to prevent fruit from rotting.

4. The management of solar greenhouse has entered the stage of giving priority to cold protection and heat preservation. It is necessary to expose the film in the later stage and cover it in the early stage, but it is necessary to see more light every day, let the air out for a short time and eliminate moisture. Cucumber, eggplant and pepper can be released at 35℃, sealed at 28℃ and covered at 20℃; Tomato and zucchini were exposed at 30℃, sealed at 23℃ and covered at 65438 07℃. Try to water (or warm well water) as little as possible, and pour dark water, preferably in sunny days, and then wet it after pouring water to prevent the humidity in the shed from being too high.

5. Open winter vegetables such as winter cabbage, cauliflower and onion. , should be sealed with frozen water in time to prevent freezing.