Perilla cotyledon, scientific name: Perilla frutescens alias red perilla, red perilla frutescens, black perilla frutescens, red perilla frutescens and so on. It is the leaf of perilla frutescens in Labiatae. Use stems, leaves and seeds as medicine.

The cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Land selection and preparation

Perilla frutescens has strong adaptability to climate and soil. It is best to choose loose and fertile sandy loam and loam with sufficient sunshine and good drainage, while heavy clay grows poorly. Soil preparation, turning to the depth of 15cm, and harrowing. Fine, make a frame, the width of the frame and the groove is 200 cm, and the depth of the groove is 15 ~ 20 cm.

2. Breeding method

Perilla frutescens is divided into direct seeding and seedling transplanting through seed propagation.

(1) live broadcast

Spring sowing, the sowing time difference between the north and the south is one month, the south is March, and the north is in the middle and late April. The direct seeding is to drill in the border, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a ditch depth of 2 ~ 3 cm. The seeds are evenly spread into the ditch, and then covered with thin rice. Hole sowing: row spacing is 45 cm, plant spacing is 25 ~ 30 cm, and the soil cover is shallow. Water immediately after sowing, keep it moist, and the sowing amount is per hectare 15- 18.75 kg, which is labor-saving, fast growing, early harvest and high yield.

(2) Seedling raising and transplanting

This method is used in arid areas with insufficient seeds and poor water conservancy conditions. The seedbed should be in a sunny and warm place, with farmyard manure and appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate or plant ash. In the first ten days of April, irrigate the border, sow after water infiltration, cover it with shallow soil for 2 ~ 3 cm, keep the bed surface moist, and emerge in about one week. Seedlings that are too dense after being planted together often need watering and weeding. The height of the seedlings is 3 ~ 4 cm. When four pairs of leaves grow, they are planted in wheat fields on cloudy days or in the evening after wheat harvest. On the first day of planting, the nursery was watered and watered. When transplanting, the roots are completely easy to survive and are planted by pulling. The plant spacing is 30cm, and the ditching depth is 15cm. Arrange the seedlings, cover the soil, water or dilute the human and animal feces, and loosen the soil to preserve moisture after 1 ~ 2 days. Planting about 6.5438+0.5 million seedlings per hectare, watering every 2-3 days in dry weather, then reducing watering and squatting seedlings to make the roots grow.

3. Tian Tuan management

(1) Loosening soil and removing seedlings

Weeding should be done frequently before closing the ridge for plant growth, and attention should be paid to weeding between seedlings in direct seeding area. When the seedling height in the drill field is 15cm, it should be fixed at 30cm, and the surplus seedlings should be used for transplanting. The plants in the direct seeding area grow fast and the density is high, so the plants grow in vain, and few plants are branched or not. Although it can reach the height of the plant, there are fewer leaves under the plant, poor illumination and air falling off, which affects the yield of leaves and perilla oil. At the same time, the stems with many leaves and few leaves also affect the specifications of the whole grass, so it is not too early to sow seedlings. From field planting to ridge sealing, loosen the soil and weed twice.

(2) Topdressing

The growth time of perilla frutescens is relatively short, and the whole grass can be harvested two and a half months after planting, and the whole grass is used as medicine, so nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. Concentrate fertilization before ridge closure.

In the direct seeding area, topdressing should be applied when the height of seedlings is 30cm. After furrowing between rows, human manure 15000 ~ 22500kg or ammonium sulfate 1 12.5kg and calcium superphosphate 150kg should be applied per hectare, and the fertilizer should be buried with loose soil. The second time, apply fertilizer again before harvesting the ridge, and the method is the same as above. But be careful not to touch the leaves this time.

(3) Irrigation and drainage

After sowing or transplanting, if it doesn't rain for several days, water it in time. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season, dredge the operation channel, and prevent stagnant water from littering.