The handle of fabric is an important content that people use to identify the quality of fabric. Specifically, the psychological reaction of touching the fabric by hand is different because of the variety of the fabric, the quality of the fabric is also different, and the feel effect of the fabric is also different. Feel has the following aspects:

(1) Whether the fabric skeleton is stiff and slack; ② Smoothness and roughness of fabric surface; ③ the softness and hardness of the fabric; ④ the thinness and thickness of the fabric; 5 cold and warm fabrics; ⑥ The fabric is irritating, but less irritating to the skin. For example, touching real silk textiles by hand feels very cold; Pure wool fabric has a warm feeling; Polyester/cotton fabrics with delicate feel are mostly made of high count yarns. Most fabrics with rough feel are low count yarns.

In addition, people can stretch and scratch by hand under the action of force, and then judge the elasticity, strength, wrinkle resistance and fiber type of the fabric by naked eye observation and hand feeling. But in general, feel is the most important means to choose fabrics and clothing.

Pure cotton woven fabric

1. Definition: Pure cotton woven fabric is a textile made of cotton and interwoven with weft yarns on a loom.

2, pure cotton fabric is divided into:

① Natural white cloth: plain cloth, fine cloth, coarse cloth, canvas, twill grey cloth and primary color cloth.

② Color cloth: there are vulcanized blue cloth, vulcanized ink cloth, Shilin blue cloth, Shilin grey cloth, colored poplin, various khakis and various tweed.

Printed cloth: it is a cloth with various colors and patterns in printing and dyeing. Such as plain printed cloth, printed twill cloth, printed serge, printed tribute, etc.

(4) Yarn-dyed fabrics: plaid, bed linen, flannel, tweed, decorative cloth and other fabrics. The yarn is dyed first and then woven on the machine.

3, the characteristics of pure cotton fabric:

(1) hygroscopicity: cotton fiber has good hygroscopicity. Under normal circumstances, fiber can absorb water into the surrounding atmosphere, and its water content is 8- 10%, so it contacts human skin, making people feel soft but not stiff. If the humidity of cotton cloth increases and the surrounding temperature is higher, all the water contained in the fiber will evaporate and disperse, so that the fabric can keep water balance and make people feel comfortable.

(2) Moisture retention: Because cotton fiber is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, the thermal conductivity is extremely low, and because cotton fiber itself has the advantages of porosity and high elasticity, a large amount of air can accumulate between fibers, and air is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, so cotton fiber textiles have good moisture retention, and wearing pure cotton clothing makes people feel warm.

③ Heat resistance: Pure cotton fabric has good heat resistance. When the temperature is lower than 1 10℃, only the moisture on the fabric will evaporate without damaging the fiber. Therefore, the pure cotton fabric has no influence on the wearing, washing, printing and dyeing of the fabric at room temperature, thus improving the washing resistance and wear resistance of the pure cotton fabric.

(4) Alkali resistance: Cotton fiber has strong alkali resistance, and the fiber will not be damaged in alkali solution. This property is beneficial to wash away the pollution after taking, disinfect and remove impurities, and can also dye, print and process various cotton textiles to produce more new cotton varieties.

⑤ Hygiene: Cotton fiber is a natural fiber, the main component is cellulose, and there are a few waxy substances, nitrogen-containing substances and pectin. After many tests and practices, the pure cotton fabric has no irritation and negative effects when it comes into contact with the skin, and it is beneficial and harmless to the human body after long-term use, with good sanitary performance.

Rayon fabric (chemical fiber)

1, definition: chemical fiber is the general name of textile fiber made by natural polymer or synthetic polymer through chemical process.

2, classification (according to raw materials and production methods):

Man-made fiber: it is the largest variety of chemical fiber. It is made of natural macromolecular substances containing cellulose or protein, such as wood, bagasse, reed, soybean, cheese, etc., through chemical and mechanical processing. For example: artificial cotton, rayon, artificial wool, tiger wood cotton, rich cotton.

② Synthetic fiber: Synthetic fiber is a kind of chemical fiber, which is a by-product of petrochemical and coking industries. For example, polyester, nylon, acrylic fiber, vinylon, polypropylene, chlorine and so on all belong to synthetic fibers.

Blended fabric:

Blended chemical fiber fabric is a textile product made by blending chemical fiber with cotton wool, silk, hemp and other natural fibers. For example: polyester cotton cloth, polyester cotton gabardine, etc.

Main points of washing, ironing, collection and storage of fabric products;

1, the key parts of clothes should keep their shapes, such as shoulders, collars and cuffs. , especially the hard collar made of resin, must be brushed.

2. For fabrics with typical styles, attention should be paid to protecting their unique appearance, such as corduroy and velveteen. Put the suede bread in it when you rub it, and flatten it when you dry it to avoid the deformation of the suede. For jacquard fabrics, you can't wash them violently with a hard brush to prevent yarn breakage and pilling.

3. Cotton fabric has good physical and chemical properties, but it should not be soaked in washing liquid for too long, and the exposure time should not be too long to prevent color damage.

4. Cotton fabric is easy to lose floating color, so it is necessary to prevent cross-dyeing and color matching when washing, which will affect the appearance of the fabric.

Classification of fabrics

Firstly, according to the processing method of forming fabric

1. Woven fabric refers to the fabric processed with warp and weft in shuttle weaving or shuttleless weaving. Its fabric is divided into warp and weft directions.

2. Knitted fabric refers to the fabric made of one or a group of yarns and processed into loops by warp knitting machine or warp knitting machine.

3. Nonwovens refer to textiles directly composed of fiber layers (including stitched nonwovens composed of yarn layers) without traditional spinning and weaving processes.

Secondly, according to the yarn structure of the fabric

1. Yarn fabric is a fabric made of single yarn.

2. All the fabrics are woven with strands.

3. Half-thread fabric: fabric with twisted thread as warp and single yarn as weft.

Third, according to the spinning system of textiles

1. Combed fabrics are made of combed yarns, mostly high-grade fabrics.

2. Carding fabric is a fabric made of carded yarns, mainly ordinary mid-range fabrics and industrial fabrics.

Four, according to the different raw materials used in the yarn.

1. Pure textiles are fabrics woven from pure spinning. Such as cotton fabric, wool fabric, linen fabric, silk fabric and pure chemical fiber fabric.

2. Blended fabrics are fabrics woven from blended yarns. The naming principle of blended fabrics is: the one with large blending ratio is in the front, and the one with small blending ratio is in the back; When the blending ratio is the same, natural fiber is in the front, synthetic fiber is in the back, and artificial fiber is in the back.

3. The warp and weft of interwoven fabric are interwoven by yarns or filaments of different fibers.

Five, according to the different raw materials and production technology.

1. Cotton fabric is called "cotton fabric" for short in business. It is a fabric woven from cotton yarn or blended yarn of cotton and chemical fiber.

Wool fabric is called "woolen fabric" for short in business. It is a fabric made of animal hair and wool chemical fiber.

3. Silk products are referred to as "silk" in business. The fabric woven from mulberry silk is called silk; The fabric woven from tussah silk is called tussah silk. Silk and tussah silk are both filament fabrics, which are divided into raw silk and cooked silk. Raw silk refers to unrefined cocoon silk, and cooked silk refers to refined cocoon silk, which is of higher quality than raw silk. A fabric that is spun into yarn after cutting off the foot silk is called silk fabric. In addition, there are interwoven yarns made of various chemical fiber filaments.

4. Hemp fabric mainly includes ramie fabric and flax fabric. Jute and other varieties of hemp are generally not used as clothing, but only as packaging materials or industrial cloth.

5. Pure chemical fiber fabrics mainly include medium-long fiber imitation cotton, imitation linen, imitation wool, imitation silk fabrics, chemical fiber filament fabrics, artificial deerskin, artificial fur and so on.

Six, according to the printing and dyeing processing method

1. Natural color cloth, also known as "grey cloth", refers to the fabric that keeps its original color without dyeing and finishing. Natural color fabrics can be sold directly, but most of them are used as grey fabrics in printing and dyeing factories.

2. Bleach the fabric.

3. The dyed fabric is dyed into monochromatic fabric through dyeing process.

4. The printed fabric is printed to make the surface of the fabric have patterns.

The warp and weft of yarn-dyed fabric are woven with different colors.

6. Color-spun fabric is a fabric that dyes some fibers or tops first, and then mixes the dyed fibers or tops with natural fibers in a certain proportion to form yarns and then weaves them.

Characteristics and varieties of cotton fabrics

(A) the characteristics of cotton fabrics

Cotton fabric refers to the fabric made of cotton yarn or blended yarn of cotton and cotton chemical fiber. It has the following characteristics:

1. has strong hygroscopicity and large shrinkage, which is about 4~ 10%.

2. Alkali resistance and acid resistance. Cotton cloth is extremely unstable to inorganic acids, even dilute sulfuric acid will destroy it, but organic acids have little effect and almost no damage. Cotton cloth is more resistant to alkali. Generally, dilute alkali has no effect on cotton cloth at room temperature, but the strength of cotton cloth will decrease after the action of strong alkali. Cotton cloth is often treated with 20% caustic soda solution to obtain mercerized cotton cloth.

3. Light resistance and heat resistance are average. In sunlight and atmosphere, cotton cloth will slowly oxidize and reduce its strength. Long-term high temperature will damage cotton fabric, but it can withstand short-term high temperature treatment in the temperature range of 125~ 150℃.

4. Microorganisms have destructive effects on cotton fabrics. It is not mildewproof.

(2) Varieties of cotton fabrics

1. pure cotton fabric

Pure cotton fabrics are made of pure cotton yarns. There are many kinds of fabrics and different colors. According to dyeing methods, it can be divided into primary color cotton cloth, dyed cotton cloth, printed cotton cloth and yarn-dyed cotton cloth; According to the fabric structure, it can be divided into plain cloth, twill cloth and forged cloth.

(1) Cotton cloth with natural cotton fiber color without bleaching, printing and dyeing is called raw cotton cloth. According to the yarn count, it can be divided into city cloth, coarse cloth and fine cloth. Their characteristics are: thick cloth body, smooth cloth surface, strong and durable, and large shrinkage rate. Can be used as bed linen, blank accessories or shirt materials.

⑵ Poplin Poplin is the main variety of silk-style cotton cloth. Its texture is delicate and shiny, the cloth body is soft and smooth, and it is crisp and comfortable to wear, and it is woven in plain weave. The organizational structure of poplin is characterized by that the density of warp yarn is about twice that of weft yarn, the exposed area of warp yarn on the cloth surface is larger than that of weft yarn, the protruding part of poplin forms obvious diamond-shaped particles on the appearance of the cloth surface, and the number of yarns used is high, so the cloth surface is clear, full of particles, smooth and dense. However, poplin fabric has a great disadvantage, that is, the clothes sewn with it are prone to longitudinal cracks. This is because the density of poplin warp and weft is very different, and the strength between warp and weft is unbalanced, which leads to the strength of warp yarn being nearly twice that of weft yarn.

(3) The grey cloth of wool blue cloth should be singed before dyeing to make the cloth surface smooth and smooth, while wool blue cloth is not. There is no need to singe before dyeing, and a layer of fluff is left on the cloth surface after dyeing, so it is called "wool" blue cloth. Wool blue cloth is generally dyed with indigo dye, which has good dyeing fastness and generous color, and has a more brilliant feeling after washing. There are many specifications: wool blue coarse cloth, wool blue fine cloth and so on. Generally suitable for making coats, they are sold everywhere in urban and rural areas.

(4) Plain cloth, bleached cloth and printed cloth are printed, dyed and bleached from all kinds of white grey cloth. According to different colors, it can be divided into plain cloth, bleached cloth and printed cloth.

A plain cloth: refers to monochrome cotton cloth, usually mercerized and piece dyeing. Such as: Shilin blue, Fanlaming blue and other patchwork.

B. Bleached cloth: the cotton fabric with white appearance obtained by bleaching the primary color grey cloth can be divided into mercerized cloth and plain cloth. Mercerized cloth has smooth surface, good luster and smooth feel; This light cloth has a dull surface and a rough feel. Bleached cloth is generally used to make underwear, sheets and so on.

C. Printed cloth: it is made of white grey cloth with low yarn count by printing, and there are two kinds of mercerization and natural light. According to different printing methods, this kind of cloth has different appearance effects, mostly bright colors on the front and dim on the back. Suitable for women's wear and children's wear.

5. Colored woven fabrics are made of dyed or bleached yarns combined with varied textures and patterns. Compared with ordinary printed cotton cloth, it has more stereoscopic effect, colorful patterns, uniform dyeing and high color fastness. Common varieties are wired tweed, plaid and labor cloth.

A. Yarn: the generic term for wool-like fabric. It is a kind of fabric with wool-like appearance, which is made of dyed yarns according to different patterns and structures. It can be divided into two categories: male yarn and female yarn.

Men's yarn: generally, 28texX2, 18texX2 and 14texX2 are used as warp and weft yarns, and are woven with twill weave. Patterns are mostly hidden stripes, bright stripes and plain colors, which are suitable for men and middle-aged and elderly people to make clothes. The main varieties are as follows:

Needle weave: made of 14 tex x2 (42 "/2) yarn as warp and weft.

Le Kang: Two-ply yarn is used as warp yarn and monochrome yarn is used as weft yarn, which is woven into striped twill weave.

Ramie: Double-ply yarn is used as warp yarn, single-color coarse count yarn is used as weft yarn, and twill weave is adopted.

David: Three-ply yarn is used as warp yarn, single-color coarse count yarn is used as weft yarn, and it is woven in herringbone twill weave.

Herringbone: It is woven with three strands of yarn as warp yarn, monochromatic coarse count yarn as weft yarn and herringbone twill.

Breeches: The warp yarn is made of two-ply yarn, and the weft yarn is made of monochrome coarse count yarn, and the twill weave is changed.

Characteristics and varieties of hemp fabrics

Characteristics and varieties of hemp fabrics

(A) the characteristics of hemp fabric

Hemp fabric refers to pure linen fabric and its blended or interwoven fabric. It has the following characteristics:

1. Hemp fiber belongs to cellulose fiber, and its fabric performance is similar to cotton.

2. Hemp fabric has the characteristics of high strength, good hygroscopicity and strong thermal conductivity, especially the strength ranks first among natural fibers.

3. Flax has good dyeing performance, bright color and is not easy to fade.

4. Not sensitive to alkali and acid, mercerizing can occur in caustic soda to enhance strength and luster; After a short time (1~2 minutes) in dilute acid, it is basically unchanged. Of course, strong acid is still harmful to it.

5. Good mildew resistance, not easy to get damp and mildew.

(2) Variety of hemp fabric

The variety of hemp fabric is far less than cotton and woolen cloth, but its variety is increasingly rich because of its unique rough style, cool and moisture permeability and the trend of returning to nature in recent years.

1. Pure linen fabric

(1) Ramie fabric Ramie fabric is a fabric made of ramie fibers, which can be divided into two categories: manual and woven. Handmade ramie cloth, commonly known as summer cloth, is often used as mosquito net, linen lining and interlining because of its uneven quality. However, the quality and appearance of woven ramie cloth are better than that of hand-made summer cloth, and the cloth surface is compact, smooth and even, and can be made into various garments after bleaching or dyeing. Ramie clothing is cool, breathable and sweat-wicking, which is an ideal summer fabric.

⑵ Linen fabric is made of flax fiber, which can be divided into primary color and bleaching. Primary color flax has the true color of flax fiber and does not need bleaching and dyeing. After bleaching and mercerizing, bleached flax is softer, smoother, whiter and more elastic than primary color cloth. Linen has become the fabric of all kinds of summer clothes, such as coats, shirts, curtains, sofas and so on. Because of its fine and smooth surface, soft and elastic feel, cool and comfortable to wear and uncomfortable to sweat.

(3) Other hemp fabrics include ramie cloth and flax, and there are many other hemp fiber fabrics, such as yellow flax, sisal flax and banana flax. These hemp fabrics are rarely used in clothing, but mostly used in packaging bags and fishing boat ropes. In addition, apocynum venetum garment, which is very popular in recent years, is more and more recognized and accepted by people as a health care garment.

2. Hemp blended and interwoven fabrics

Ramie and flax fibers can be blended or interwoven with other fibers, mostly with chemical fibers and natural fibers in a low proportion. The purpose is to integrate the advantages of various fibers, make up for their shortcomings, make the fabric performance more excellent, and reduce the cost and price at the same time, which is welcomed by consumers.

(1) Hemp-cotton blended interwoven fabrics are generally blended with 55% hemp and 45% cotton or 50% hemp and cotton. In appearance, it maintains the unique rough and crisp style of linen fabric, and has the soft characteristics of cotton fabric, which improves the shortcomings of linen fabric, such as not being fine and clean, and being prone to pilling. Cotton-linen interwoven fabrics are mostly interwoven fabrics with cotton as warp and linen as weft, which are hard and smooth in texture and softer in hand than pure linen. Hemp-cotton blended interwoven fabrics are mostly light and suitable for summer clothing.

⑵ Wool-linen blended fabrics are made of yarns with different wool-linen blending ratios, including herringbone and various wool twist fabrics. Wool-linen blended fabric has the characteristics of smoothness and good elasticity, and is suitable for making young men and women's clothes, suits, dresses, vests and so on.

⑶ Silk and linen blended fabric Silk and linen sand washing fabric is a new product developed by sand washing process in recent years. It not only has the excellent characteristics of real silk fabric and linen fabric, but also overcomes the weakness of strength decline of real silk sand-washed fabric, bringing a cool and elastic feel. This kind of cloth is suitable for summer clothes.

(4) Blended fabrics of hemp and chemical fiber include fabrics of hemp blended with one chemical fiber and fabrics of hemp blended with two or more chemical fibers. Such as: polyester, vinylon, viscose and other fabrics, "three in one" fabrics.

A. Polyester flax: refers to the fabric woven by blended yarn of polyester and hemp fiber, or the fabric containing blended yarn of polyester and hemp in the warp and weft. Including polyester twist, polyester linen yarn-dyed fabric, polyester leprosy canvas, polyester linen worsted, polyester linen golf cloth and other varieties. Polyester flax has the characteristics of polyester and hemp fiber, which is crisp and breathable and has a strong wool feeling. Suitable for making suits, fashions, dresses, jackets, etc.

B. "Three-in-one" blended fabric: refers to the fabric in which hemp is blended with polyester, wool, cotton and nitrile. This kind of fabric not only has the cool, comfortable, crisp and breathable characteristics of linen fabric, but also has the excellent characteristics of other two fibers, such as the style of wool and linen, and the characteristics of wool and polyester tweed, such as good elasticity, no wrinkling, easy washing and no ironing, which can meet various use needs and is very suitable for making various fashions, coats, skirts and trousers for men and women.

Characteristics and varieties of various nylon fabrics

(A) the characteristics of nylon fiber fabric

Nylon fabric is famous for its excellent wear resistance. It is not only the best choice for down jackets and mountaineering clothes, but also often blended or interwoven with other fibers to improve the strength and fastness of fabrics. The characteristics of nylon fiber fabric can be summarized as follows:

1. The abrasion resistance of nylon fabric ranks first among all kinds of fabrics, which is many times higher than other fiber fabrics of similar products, so it has excellent durability.

2. The hygroscopicity of nylon fabric is a good variety in synthetic fiber fabric, so the clothing made of nylon is more comfortable than polyester clothing.

3. Nylon fabric is a kind of light fabric, which is second only to polypropylene fabric and acrylic fabric in synthetic fiber fabric, and is suitable for making mountaineering clothes and winter clothes.

4. Nylon fabric has excellent elasticity and elastic recovery, but it is easy to deform under a small external force, so its fabric is easy to wrinkle during wearing.

5. Nylon fabric has poor heat resistance and light resistance, so attention should be paid to washing and maintenance conditions when wearing it to avoid damaging the fabric.

(2) Variety of nylon fabric

Nylon fiber fabrics are divided into three categories: pure spinning, blended spinning and interweaving, and each category contains many varieties. Let's briefly introduce them below.

1. nylon pure textiles are all kinds of fabrics made of nylon yarns, such as nylon taffeta and nylon crepe. Because it is woven with long nylon filaments, it has the characteristics of smooth feel, durability and moderate price, but it also has the disadvantages that the fabric is easy to wrinkle and not easy to recover. Nylon taffeta is mostly used to make light clothes, down jackets or raincoat fabrics, while nylon crepe is suitable for summer clothes, spring and autumn shirts and so on.

2. Nylon blended fabrics and interwoven fabrics are made by blending or interweaving nylon filaments or short fibers with other fibers, which have the characteristics and advantages of various fibers. For example, viscose/brocade gabardine is blended with 15% nylon and 85% viscose, which has the characteristics of twice the warp density than the weft density, thick body feeling, toughness and durability, but the disadvantages are poor elasticity, easy wrinkling, decreased wet strength and easy sagging when wearing. In addition, there are viscose/brocade, viscose/brocade/woolen tweed and other varieties, which are commonly used fabrics.

(A) the characteristics of acrylic fiber fabric

Acrylic fabric, commonly known as artificial wool, has a soft and fluffy feeling similar to wool fabric and bright color, which is deeply loved by consumers. Acrylic fiber fabric is characterized by:

Acrylic fiber has the reputation of synthetic wool, and its elasticity and bulkiness are similar to those of natural wool. Therefore, the warmth retention of its fabric is not lower than that of wool fabric, and even higher than that of similar wool fabric by about 15%.

2. Acrylic fabrics are brightly dyed, and the light resistance is the first among all kinds of fiber fabrics. But its wear resistance is the worst among all kinds of synthetic fiber fabrics. Therefore, acrylic fabric is suitable for outdoor clothing, swimwear and children's wear.

3. Acrylic fabric is poor in hygroscopicity, easy to stain and sultry to wear, but good in dimensional stability.

4. Acrylic fabric has good heat resistance, ranking second among synthetic fibers, acid resistance, oxidant resistance, organic solvent resistance and relative sensitivity to alkali.

5. Acrylic fabric is a lightweight fabric among synthetic fiber fabrics, second only to polypropylene, so it is a good lightweight clothing material, such as mountaineering clothes and winter warm clothes.

(2) Varieties of acrylic fiber fabrics

There are many kinds of acrylic fabrics, including pure acrylic fabrics, blended and interwoven acrylic fabrics. The main varieties are as follows:

1. Acrylic pure textiles are made of 100% acrylic fibers. For example, worsted acrylic women's tweed processed with 100% wool acrylic fiber has the characteristics of loose structure, bright color, soft and elastic feel, and the texture is not loose or rotten, which is suitable for making middle and low-grade women's wear. With 100% acrylic bulky yarn as raw material, plain or twill acrylic bulky coat can be made, which has the characteristics of fullness, warmth and relaxation, and is suitable for making coats and casual clothes in spring and autumn and winter.

2. Acrylic blended fabric refers to the fabric blended with wool or medium-long acrylic fiber and viscose or polyester. Include nitrile/viscose gabardine, nitrile/viscose women's tweed, nitrile/polyester tweed, etc. Nitrile/viscose gabardine, also known as Oriental gabardine, is blended with 50% nitrile and 50% viscose. It has a thick, tight, durable, smooth and soft style similar to gabardine, but it has poor elasticity and is easy to wrinkle, so it is suitable for making low-cost pants. Nylon/viscose women's tweed is a blend of 85% acrylic fiber and 15% viscose fiber, mostly woven in crepe weave. Tweed is slightly fluffy, bright in color, light and durable, and has poor resilience, so it is suitable for making coats. Nitrile/polyester tweed is blended with 40% nitrile and 60% polyester respectively. Because it is mostly processed in plain and twill, it has the characteristics of flat, firm and non-ironing appearance. Its disadvantage is poor comfort, so it is often used to make mid-range clothes such as coats and suits.

Characteristics of 1. vinylon fabric

Vinylon is called "synthetic cotton" because of its similar properties to cotton. Its fabric features are as follows:

(1) vinylon fabric has the strongest hygroscopicity among synthetic fiber fabrics, so it has the style of general cotton fabric. At the same time, it is stronger and more durable than cotton cloth.

(2) Vinylon fabric is acid and alkali resistant, corrosion resistant and moth-proof. Long-term sun exposure has little effect on its strength, and it is suitable for making work clothes and weaving canvas frequently.

(3) The disadvantages of vinylon fabric are poor hot water resistance, shrinkage and deformation when heated in wet state, and dull dyeing. Therefore, it has limited use and belongs to low-grade clothing.

2. Various vinylon fabrics

Generally speaking, vinylon fabrics are rarely pure spun, but are mostly blended or interwoven with other fibers. This paper mainly introduces the blended and interwoven fabrics of vinylon and other chemical fibers. The main varieties are:

(1) Vein/viscose gabardine, also known as vein/viscose tweed, is a yarn blended with 50% vinylon and 50% wool viscose fiber. Woven with 2/2 twill weave, it is thick, compact, tough and durable, similar to wool gabardine, but its luster is better than wool, so it is suitable for making coats.

(2) Velvet/viscose velvet is woven with vinylon and wool viscose plain weave. The velvet style fabric is usually made of vinylon/artificial wool with a ratio of 70/30 or 50/50, which has the characteristics of thick and durable fabric or compact and light fabric, but it has the disadvantages of large shrinkage and poor heat resistance. In summer, it is often used as middle and low-grade clothing.

Characteristics of polypropylene fiber fabric

Polypropylene is the lightest fiber in clothing, which can float on water (specific gravity is about 0.9 1g/cm3), but its strength is very good, so it has been widely used in clothing. The properties of polypropylene fabric are as follows:

(1) Polypropylene is one of the lightweight fabrics, and its weight is only 3/5 of that of cotton. It is very suitable for making wadding for winter clothes, ski clothes and mountaineering clothes, and can also be used for making ropes, fishing nets and filter cloth.

⑵ The hygroscopicity of polypropylene fabric is very small, and the moisture regain is regarded as 0%, so its clothing is famous for its advantages of quick drying, refreshing and no shrinkage. But the comfort is not good, and the dyeing property is also very poor. Polypropylene film is easy to break in the direction perpendicular to stretching, so it is often used for winding rope.

(3) The polypropylene fabric has good strength and wear resistance, and the clothes are durable.

(4) Polypropylene fabric is corrosion-resistant, but it is not heat-resistant, light-resistant and easy to age.

5. Polypropylene fabric has good stability to inorganic acid and alkali, but it is not stable to organic solvent.

2. Varieties of polypropylene fiber fabrics

Polypropylene fabrics are pure spinning, blended and interwoven, among which blended and interwoven fabrics are mostly matched with cotton fibers, such as polypropylene/cotton muslin, polypropylene/cotton yarn and other varieties; Pure polypropylene fabric is represented by Parry velvet coat.

(Parry Wool Coat) Wool-like fabric woven from original solution dyed polypropylene terry yarn has unique terry style, bright color, light and warm texture, strong wool feeling, and its biggest advantages are easy washing and quick drying, good quality and low price. Suitable for youth clothes and children's coats.

⑵C/ cotton blended yarn is woven with 65/35 C/ cotton blended yarn, which has the characteristics of firmness, durability, crisp appearance and good dimensional stability. Mostly used as military raincoats and mosquito nets.

(3)C/ cotton muslin has been mentioned in the section "Cotton Fabric". Please refer to the second section "Cotton Blended Fabric".

1. Characteristics of neoprene fabric

Chlorine fiber is one of the earliest synthetic fibers in the world, which has many advantages such as water resistance, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance and incombustibility, so it has achieved great success in clothing, especially in interior decoration applications. The main features of this fabric are as follows:

(1) Neoprene fabric is a non-combustible fabric, which will go out immediately after leaving the flame and will not continue to burn. It is a good material for incombustible curtains and carpets.

⑵ Chlorine fiber fabric not only has good wear resistance, but also has good warmth retention. Its warmth retention is better than that of cotton and wool, which are 50% and 10~20% higher respectively.

⑶ Chlorine fiber fabric has good electrostatic insulation performance, and can be blended with other fibers to make underwear, which has the effect of treating rheumatism. The reason is that it tends to be negatively charged when rubbing with other fibers.

The disadvantage of PVC fabric is its low softening point. Usually when the temperature reaches 60~70℃, it will begin to soften and shrink. So be extra careful when washing and ironing, and try not to iron PVC fabrics.

2. Various kinds of PVC fiber fabrics

The application scope of PVC fabric is limited because of its heat resistance, and it is mostly concentrated in decorative and industrial fabrics. There are not many kinds of chlorine fiber fabrics for clothing, mainly chlorine/wool velvet, viscose/chlorine flannel and chlorine/rich plain cloth.

(1) Chlorine/wool plaid velvet is a striped plaid velvet made by using the thermal shrinkage of chlorine fiber and wool that does not shrink when heated. This kind of fabric is soft to the touch and beautiful in appearance. It is an excellent material for curtains, door curtains and other decorations, and can also be used as a fabric for evening dresses.

⑵ Viscose/chlorine flannel is blended into yarn with 70% viscose and 30% chlorine fiber. Knitted flannel is heat-resistant and not easy to burn. Can be used as indoor decorative cloth and underwear for the elderly and children.

⑶ Chlorine/Fuping cloth is blended with Fuping fiber in the ratio of 1: 1, and the fabric performance is similar to viscose/chlorine flannel, so it can be used as furniture covering.

In addition to the conventional fabrics mentioned above, there are many special fabrics, that is, fabrics made of special technologies, methods and materials or fabrics with special functions and special uses. These fabrics can be collectively called new high-tech clothing fabrics. This is just a brief introduction.

1. High functional fabric

(1) Ordinary raincoats with super waterproof fabric can prevent rainwater from penetrating, but it is not conducive to removing sweat and water vapor. Moisture permeable and waterproof fabric has changed this shortcoming. Taking advantage of the huge difference between the size of water vapor particles and raindrops, a porous structure film with a smaller aperture than raindrops is attached to the fabric surface, so that raindrops cannot pass through, but water vapor and sweat can pass through smoothly, which is beneficial to ventilation.

⑵ Flame-retardant fabrics are made of flame-retardant fibers or fabrics with good flame-retardant properties by special processing of flame retardants and resins, which have certain flame-retardant effects. Suitable for making all kinds of flame retardant protective clothing and hotel decorative carpets.

(3) The color-changing fabric can change color with the changes of light, heat, liquid, pressure and electronic wires. It is made by encapsulating color-changing materials in microcapsules, dispersing them in resin solution, and then coating them on the surface of cloth. Can be used to make traffic clothes, swimsuits, etc. , play a role in safety protection, and can also be used to make stage costumes, with a colorful and mysterious effect.

⑷ Make antistatic fabric conductive by hydrophilic finishing or adding conductive fiber. This fabric is not easy to dust and antistatic, and is very suitable for making special work clothes such as carpets and dust-proof clothes.

5. Thermal fabric is a kind of fabric which uses zirconium carbide particles to add nylon and polyester fibers to make it absorb solar energy efficiently and convert it into heat energy, that is, far infrared thermal fabric. It improves the thermal insulation performance and has important practical significance for clothing in cold environment.

[6] Antibacterial and deodorizing fabric has the function of inhibiting bacterial reproduction on fiber and producing deodorizing effect, which is safe for human body and environment. The main uses are socks, sweatshirts, sportswear, bedding, ward supplies, interior decoration fabrics, etc.

(7) Aromatic fabrics are made by sealing spices in special capsules and then adhering them to the fabrics. In the process of wearing, the microcapsules are damaged by friction, and spices are slowly emitted from them, giving people a relaxed and pleasant feeling.

(8) Ultraviolet shielding fabric: an ultraviolet shielding fabric made by adding ceramic powder into the spinning dope. In addition to being used as clothing fabrics, it is mostly used as materials for sportswear, stockings, hats and parasols.

2. High-sensitivity fabric

(1) Ultra-fluffy fabric is a kind of fabric that exceeds the fullness of real silk, that is, heavy real silk fabric on the market. Its bulkiness can be arbitrarily changed according to the shrinkage difference.

⑵ Silk fabric is a kind of synthetic fiber fabric with petal-shaped fiber cross section, which imitates the "silk" sound made by friction when silk fabric is worn. This kind of fabric has a good "silk" sound and can be used to treat diseases.

3. High-tech fabrics

⑴ The washable and wearable fabric is a non-ironing and wrinkle-resistant fabric. After finishing with a special resin finishing agent, a permanent memory fabric with stable shape and size and unchanged wrinkle lines can be obtained after washing. At present, the finishing technology of cotton non-ironing cloth and washable and wear-resistant wool fabric has matured.

⑵ Coated sand washing fabric is a popular fabric in the world at present. Generally, a layer of color is coated on the silk fabric first, and then sand washing is carried out after making clothes. The fabric is soft, elegant and soft in color, which is deeply loved by young people.

⑶ The cool wool is treated with low temperature plasma to etch the scales on the surface of the wool, so as to improve the moisture permeability and feel luster of the wool and achieve the purpose of wearing it in summer.

⑷ Peach skin is a fabric made of superfine fiber, with fine, short and dense fluff floating on the surface, which looks like peach skin. Bright color, softness and moisture permeability of real velvet.