The first ballet in the history of ballet growth, The Queen's Comedy Ballet, was staged on 158 1. When Margaret Mies of Lorraine married Duke Yao Yousi of Fancier, the soundtrack of this ballet still remained, which can be regarded as the oldest ballet music.
Ballet originated in Italy and flourished in France. The word "ballet" is a transliteration of the French word "ballet", which means "dancing" or "dancing".
Ballet originated from the old Latin ballo. At first, the word only refers to dancing, or performing dancing in public, and has no meaning of theatrical performance.
Prosperous
Ballet reached its peak in Louis XIV (1643- 17 15). Louis XIV himself was an outstanding dancer and loved ballet performances. 166 1 year, Louis XIV founded the first dance school in history-the Royal French Dance Academy, which specializes in teaching dance. This school now belongs to the Paris Opera House. /kloc-in 0/700, five postures of body behavior and some wonderful ballet postures that are still used today were established here.
With the vigorous advocacy of the royal dance masters Beauchamp, Cambefort and Lully, the importance of French ballet in culture and music has greatly increased. Therefore, ballet became the origin of many new court dances; Such as: Gavett, Pa Speed, Bo Lei, Regardon, etc. Among these dances, the most important one is the minuet. 1653, Lu Li began to participate in the ballet activities of the French court, and reached a high level. At that time, he was working with Moliere to create a so-called comedy ballet, which was a mixture of drama and ballet.
16 1 year, French king Louis XIV ordered the establishment of the world's first royal dance school in Paris, which established five basic feet and seven hands for ballet, giving ballet a complete set of movements and systems.
Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, released on 1760, can be regarded as the most famous representative of this kind of dance drama. Lv Li applied ballet to his song competition, as did his two successors, Campla and Ramo.
Mora's works, in particular, are even more funny because they assimilate foreign emotions such as Mexico, health and China. This of course has something to do with his personality and scenery. The British side also created an extraordinary ballet called Masks. By the second half of the17th century, Vienna had become the center of ballet performance. However, European ballet at that time was in the debate between tradition and innovation, harshness and lyricism, pure dance and problem dance, ballet and modern dance. Today in the 20th century, these unattractive ideas have more or less consequences, and sometimes they are endlessly debated.
Starting from 1789, a number of early (also known as pre-romantic era) ballet masterpieces such as The Imprisoned Daughter were presented. 19th century, the golden age of ballet "Romantic Ballet" appeared in Paris, with a large number of classic plays such as Fairy (1832), Giselle (184 1) and gabriela (1870). The change of the venue and the audience's viewing angle has caused the change of dance techniques and aesthetics, and the standing posture of the actors has become more and more open, thus formally determining the five basic positions of the feet, which has become the basis for the development of ballet technology. Professional ballerinas came into being and gradually replaced aristocratic amateurs. Professional ballerinas also began to perform on stage, and dance techniques developed rapidly. Ballet performance gradually changed from a social activity of self-entertainment to a theatrical performance art. Ballet in this period was subordinate to opera. The court composer J.B. Luli added ballet scenes to the opera, which was actually a series of dance performances, but the plot seemed irrelevant, so it was called ballet singing or ballet opera. This situation continued until the middle of18th century. Novel,/kloc-a ballet master in the 0/8th century, is the most influential dance innovator in the history of ballet. He put forward the idea of "drama ballet" for the first time in the "Dance and Dance Drama Express" published by 1760, emphasizing that dance is not only a physical skill, but also a tool for drama expression and ideological exchange. The theory of the novel promoted the wave of ballet innovation. With the continuous efforts of him and many actors and directors, ballet has carried out a series of reforms in content, theme, music, dance techniques and costumes. These reforms finally separated ballet from opera and formed an independent drama art.
In the history of ballet development, there are two main aesthetic views that have been at work. One view is that ballet is a kind of "pure dance", and Beaujoyeulx, an Italian dance teacher in the16th century and director of the Queen's comedy "Ballet", thinks that ballet is a "geometric combination of several people dancing together". This view focuses entirely on the formal beauty of ballet, almost completely ignoring the content or plot of ballet, which often leads to the simple pursuit of superb and gorgeous skills. /kloc-before the middle of the 0/8th century, this view was dominant in ballet creation. Another view emphasizes that ballet is a kind of "dramatic dance", and the theory of "plot ballet" in the novel represents this view most intensively. He believes that in a ballet work, the above two main points are still valid today. Many directors are committed to creating dramatic or melodramatic ballet works, and some directors are keen on non-melodramatic ballet and pay attention to formal beauty. The excellent plays in the two works are appreciated by the audience and often staged as reserved plays. Since the 20th century, the influence of various literary thoughts on ballet creation has become more and more obvious, and many works with different styles have appeared.
Choreography is a key figure in creating a ballet work. He conceived a ballet structure or a dance structure according to a literary script (or a story, a poem or a musical work), and then the actors reflected it. Choreographers and actors must master ballet language (or ballet vocabulary)-ballet technical skills, and the ability to express specific content or emotions in ballet language. The director should know what he is good at and what he can't express; On the other hand, actors should be well-trained, able to adapt and creatively reflect the ideas of choreographers. Only with these basic conditions can ballet creation be carried out and completed. The structural forms of ballet are: solo dance, duet, threesome dance, foursome dance, group dance and so on. Classical dance, personality dance (stage folk dance, folk dance), modern dance, etc. According to the above forms, the structure of multi-act ballet (on and off, such as Swan Lake), single-act ballet (such as Fairy) and ballet sketch (such as ballet) developed to a high degree of standardization and stylization in the late19th century, which affected and restricted the development of ballet. In a large number of ballet works created by directors in the 20th century, these norms and procedures have been greatly broken, and new explorations and creations are constantly emerging.
There are seven world-recognized first-class classical ballet companies: Kirov Ballet and Moscow Theatre Ballet in the former Soviet Union, New York City Ballet and American Ballet Theatre in the United States, Royal Ballet in Britain, Paris Opera Ballet in France and Royal Danish Ballet. Contemporary ballet presents unprecedented popularity and prosperity. The representative figures and collectives are Jiri Kirian (1947-) of Czech Republic, his Dutch Dance Theatre and William? Forsyte (1949-) and his German Meritorious Corps, the Frankfurt Ballet.
The symbol of ballet is that the ballet dancer stands on tiptoe.
Ballet performance is mainly composed of the following three roles:
1, protagonist: The protagonist is the core of the story. Dancers need to have skills and physical strength above a certain level, and the most important thing is to have superb dance literacy and personality in order to interpret the roles in the play. Classical ballet duet is the focus of the whole ballet, and most of them are played by male and female protagonists. The structural order of classical ballet duet is adagio of the hero and heroine, then solo of the hero, solo of the heroine, and finally allegro finale (epilogue). The artistic accomplishment and skill level of the protagonist will be presented in the duet.
2. Solo: A person who has the leading role skills and can perform by one person or three or four people.
3. Group dancers: Although the dance steps of group dancers are simple, the complex picture changes and the whole atmosphere is more important. Every group of dancers is important. As long as one person is out of tune, the overall situation will be affected.