★★★★★★★ The child's head is relatively large, and the general ratio is three or four heads high. An adult's standing posture is seven heads (standing seven), sitting posture is five heads (sitting five) and squatting posture is three and a half heads (squatting three and a half heads). When the standing arm is drooping, the fingertips are located on the inner thigh. The proportion of elderly people is slightly smaller than that of adults because of skeletal contraction. When drawing an old man, you should pay attention to the fact that your head is slightly close to your shoulders and your legs are slightly bent. The basic characteristics of human gender men are: broad shoulders, flat and firm clavicle, stout limbs and full muscles. Female: Female has narrow shoulders, steep shoulders, thin neck, slightly smaller proportion of limbs, thin waist, hip breadth and full chest. (LSMH finishing) The proportion and expression of the human body in comics: In order to express the beauty of the human body, some exaggerated drawing methods are often used, that is, some deformation treatment is done in appropriate parts, and some exaggerated methods are often used to lengthen the figure of the character, but the deformation is based on the basic structure of the human body. Usually the heroine has seven heads and the hero has eight heads. It is very important to master the proportional relationship of characters properly for drawing cartoons. Female girls are characterized by rounded and soft body curves, and attention should be paid to the carving of breasts and buttocks. Hands, arms and legs should be slender, wrists and thighs should be in the same position, and elbows should be close to the waist. When you draw a profile, you should pay attention to the relationship between joints, hips and thigh roots, and it will be natural to draw the position of the arm on the shoulder accurately. (LSMH finishing) human perspective: the front of the human body can be regarded as a rectangle, which means that the perspective of different angles of the human body is also a perspective of different right angles. Then the rectangle is divided into eight sections by perspective with segmentation method. First, a diagonal line is drawn for the rectangle, then a parallel line is drawn at the intersection of diagonal lines according to geometric division, and so on, and eight sections are drawn. Because the characters in comics are generally eight heads, each section of the rectangle is one head high, while the length of the chest, elbow to fingertip and knee to sole is two heads high. Looking down from the front or directly above the back, we need to consider its perspective relationship. That is to say, the head is the biggest, the toes are getting smaller and smaller, the head is big, the shoulders are big, and the hands are slightly longer than the feet. The angle above the diagonal has the greatest sense of depth. The shoulders are raised, the shoulders are slightly tilted parallel to the feet, the face is down, the head is big, the neck is invisible, and the lower it goes, the smaller it is, giving people the feeling that the feet are short and the body is long. If you draw a shadow on the ground again, the effect will be more prominent, and you can obviously show the feeling that your legs are perpendicular to the ground. Look up below and draw the feeling of neck on your shoulders. Face up, relatively small, legs are longer and thicker than the upper body, feet are the largest, and they get smaller as they go up, giving people the impression that feet are long and feet are short, and looking down is the opposite of looking up. When you draw a human body, you must be "intentional". Human body-proportion: every time we talk about human body proportion, we have to play the "eight heads" set ... In fact, no matter how many cartoons we can draw, eight heads are the most popular. In fact, it is amazing that a real person has seven and a half heads ... comics are used by people with two to a dozen heads. Although the head count is small and cute, but the hands and feet are short to a certain extent, many movements cannot be done. On the contrary, dozens of them look very handsome. There is a common saying that girls have longer legs and higher waists. Actually, this statement is specious. Maybe girls do have long legs in proportion, but the feeling of high waist is mainly because the thinnest part of men's waist is slightly lower than the navel, while women are above the navel and below the ribs, which is the biggest difference between men and women. Others are men with wider shoulders and women with wider hips. From the age point of view, the head size of children to adults has not changed much, so the proportion of children's heads is large (isn't this common sense? ) Usually, when practicing, we start with the proportion of real people, which is easier to observe and easy to change and adjust after proficiency. (LSMH finishing) Character modeling: In order to accurately introduce all the characters in the story to readers, it is necessary to master the painting methods of people of different ages and sexes. In addition, in order to leave a deeper impression on readers, we should try our best to show the hero, beauty and kindness of the positive role to the extreme, and the cruelty and cunning of the negative role should also be exaggerated, so it is very important to avoid the moderation of the characters. A large part of the significance of rambling lies in its exaggeration, which should be followed when designing character modeling. Portraits of people of different ages: Baby: chubby, chubby, with a very big head, a wide forehead, no neck, equal length and short feet. Child: The head is bigger, the lines of hands and feet are thinner and shorter. Young women: delicate lines, slightly inclined shoulders, bent body, thin waist, chest, big hips and thin ankles. Young male: Strong lines, broad shoulders, fan-shaped chest, narrower waist than shoulders, thick neck and big feet. Middle-aged women: pay more attention to curves than young women, with slightly smaller eyes and slightly fatter ankles. Middle-aged women: pay more attention to curves than young women, with slightly smaller eyes and slightly fatter ankles. Middle-aged men: slightly fatter than young men, with sparse hair. Older women: hunchbacked, shoulders slightly inclined, knees slightly bent. Old man: hunched back, feet apart, a little bent and narrow shoulders. If you draw with crutches, you will look older. ★★★★★★★★ All the above are theoretical knowledge. As for illustrations, you can look at those cartoons in Japan and find people with your favorite style to copy. )