The story of Sun Quan's persuasion and surrender
Lv Meng, Zi Ming, was Mrs. Pi from runan county (now southeast of Funan County, Anhui Province). When I was a teenager, I crossed the river with my brother-in-law Deng Dang. My brother-in-law, Deng, is a subordinate of Sun Ce, and went to war with the army when he was fifteen or sixteen. After Deng Dang's death, Monroe led his people and Sun Quan to various places. When he fought against Huang Zu with Liu Biao, Lv Meng was a pioneer. He was appointed as Yoko's corps commander and gave him tens of millions of silver. Battle of Red Cliffs, Lv Meng, Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu defeated Cao Jun and surrounded Coss in Nanjun. Coss failed and entered Nanjun. He was promoted to be a partial general and served as the magistrate of Xunyang County.
When Lu Mengchu didn't learn Chinese, Sun Quan enlightened him and another brave general, Jiang Qin, saying, "Now you are all in important positions and in charge of state affairs. You should read more and make continuous progress." Monroe said: "I often suffered many things in the military camp, so I am afraid that I can't study any more." Sun Quan patiently pointed out: "Do I want you to learn classics to be a doctor? Please read more books, learn about the past and increase your knowledge. Who do you think can have as much business as me? When I was young, I read The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, but I didn't read Zhouyi. Since I took office, I have carefully studied the "Three History" (Historical Records, Hanshu, Dongguan Han Ji) and the laws of sending troops, and I feel that I have gained a lot. Like you two, you are smart and temperament, and you will certainly benefit from your study. How can you not study? You should read Sun Tzu, Tamia Liu, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Three History first. Grandson once said,' It's no good dreaming without eating all day and sleeping all night. It is better to study. "Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty shouldered the heavy responsibility of directing the war, but he still couldn't let go. Cao Cao also said that he was old and eager to learn. Why can't you encourage yourselves? "Lv Meng study from now on, and he is absorbed in it. Even the old Confucian scholar can't catch up with the books he has read.
Sun Quan's Persuasion Source
Sun Quan's "Encouraging Learning" is selected from the narrative "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" written by Sima Guang, a politician and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. The title of the article was added by later generations. This article not only tells the story of Monroe's learning under the persuasion of Sun Quan, but also praises the spirit of Sun Quan and Monroe and warns people of the importance of learning. This article is concise and vivid, focusing on expressing characters through dialogue. The dialogue is concise, vivid and expressive, without any redundancy. It also uses the method of side contrast and contrast to shape the characters and highlight their elegance.
original work
At the beginning, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng, "You are in charge now, not to study!" ! "Lv Mengyong army has all kinds of excuses. "Do you want to be a doctor alone? But when you dabble, look over. Too much talk, who is lonely? I often study alone, and I think it is very beneficial. " Monroe began to study.
After Lu Su visited Yang, he consulted with Meng and said in great shock, "You are a talented person, not a martial monk!" Lv Meng said: "The upright people have been watching for a few days. You know how late it is when you look at something so late." Lu Su met Lu Meng's mother and became friends with Lu Meng.
Vernacular translation
At first, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng, "You are in charge of politics now, so you can't stop studying!" Lv Meng evaded military affairs for various reasons. Sun Quan said, "Do I want you to study Confucian classics and become a scholar who teaches Confucian classics? All you have to do is have a general look and get to know the history. You said there were many things in the army. Who can compare with me? I often read books and find it very helpful. " Lv Meng then began to study.
Lu Su went to see Yang to discuss state affairs. Lu Su said in surprise: "Your talent and strategy are no longer Amon of Wuxian!" Lu Meng said: "When you leave the scholars for a few days, it is necessary to look at it from a new perspective. How can my brother recognize things so late? " Therefore, Lu Su met Monroe's mother before leaving, and became friends with Monroe.
Creation background
During the Three Kingdoms period, Lu Meng, a general of Wu County, didn't like reading when he was young. Later, he followed Sun Quan's advice, read widely and made great progress in his studies. This article is adapted from historical materials by Sima Guang.
works appreciation
theme
This article tells the story that during the Three Kingdoms period, Monroe began to study under the persuasion of Sun Quan, which made Lu Su amazed and made friends with him. It shows that as long as people are willing to learn, they should be eager to learn and make progress, highlighting the importance of learning.
Artistic feature
Although this article is extremely short, it has been carefully tailored, which not only retains the essence of the original text and the integrity of the story in the previous history books, but also highlights the elegance of the characters with a more concise style, which is a successful rewriting. Its main artistic features are mainly manifested in the following aspects.
The dialogue is vivid, and "words" shape people.
The article is short, and the whole article mainly records several dialogues of the characters, but vividly shapes two artistic images. Look at Sun Quan first. As the head of the state of Wu, he can care about his subordinates and encourage them to learn more: "You must learn when you are in power today!" " The tone is firm and powerful. Lv Meng made an excuse to refuse, and said in no hurry, "I don't want you to be a doctor!" " But when you dabble, look over. "First, it shows that the purpose of inviting him to study is not to make him abandon martial arts, but to understand history through extensive reading, learn from it, and increase his knowledge and intelligence. This persuasive and friendly tone has made people feel very sorry. Later, he further enlightened Monroe. His so-called excuse of "doing more work in the army" seemed to say, "Who is lonely?" This is an obvious fact: "I often study alone and feel that I am of great benefit." Monroe persuaded with her own personal feelings. During the whole conversation, Sun Quan didn't put on airs or force Lv Meng to study. This eloquent talk is more convincing. His conversation is cordial and friendly, with the demeanor of an elder rather than a king. Look at Monroe again. Reading makes his speech full of wisdom, so Lu Su's tone focuses on lamenting: "Only the good people of today can restore Wu to be Amon!" Lv Meng only said one sentence: "Three days in never say goodbye is even more embarrassing. Why can't big brother see things too late? "He not only has a fuss about Lu Su, but also has a more experienced confidence in books and mountains and valleys, which gives people a sense of admiration.
Side contrast, showing changes
In addition to positive comments, this paper also uses the method of side contrast and contrast to describe the image of Monroe. It shows Monroe's academic achievements from the side, and his pen and ink are very vivid, which is the most wonderful part of the whole paper. From the article, we can know that Lu Su is a bystander jumping out of Lushan Mountain. The effect of Monroe's reading is shown from the side through his words. His surprise made him realize that Monroe was not who he used to be. In Wu Xia Meng, a longitudinal comparison of past lives of Monroe leads to the conclusion of "change", and the core of Monroe's "change" is the sharp increase of "talent".
Be concise and expressive.
This article focuses on dialogue, and the characters' language is concise, vivid, expressive and without redundancy. For example, Monroe's learning situation can only be summarized by the phrase "I learned when I was young", but there is no mention of what books he has read and how to study hard. In the second half, the dialogue with can only be explained by a sentence "discuss with Meng" What topics they are talking about, and what views of Lu Meng make Lu Su awe-inspiring, have been omitted. In addition, other languages besides dialogue are also very concise and meaningful, such as "Martial Arts Dream" and "Scratching My Face", which have been circulated and used so far because of their simplicity and richness. Also, in the development of the plot, Sun Quan's deliberate persuasion finally made Monroe go to school, and Lu Su was amazed at his profound knowledge after he went to school. Monroe also firmly grasped his sigh and issued a confident language of "Farewell for three days is to be kind to each other". The context is interlocking, naturally connected, and causal and orderly.
Brief introduction of the author
Sima Guang (10 19 ~ 1086) was a famous politician, historian and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. A native of Sushui Town, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now northeast of Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province), he is known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Song Renzong was a member of China Academy of Sciences in the first year of Baoyuan (1038). Song Yingzong followed the advice of his predecessor, a doctor, and at the beginning of Xining, Song Shenzong, he was a bachelor of Hanlin and an imperial consultant. In the third year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1070), Yongxing Army was famous for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform. The following year, he was sentenced to Xijing Yushitai, who lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, and specially compiled "Learning from Mutual Adversity". Zhezong acceded to the throne and still served in the DPRK. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he served as a servant and assistant minister of Shangshu, presided over the state affairs, abolished the new party and abolished the new law. Died a few months later. Posthumous title is a country with a history. His works are collected by Sima Zheng Wen.
The author's personal works
Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to Zi Jian, there are 80 volumes of Tong Jian Li, 20 volumes of Lu and 6 volumes of Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao. In addition, he has research and writings in literature, Confucian classics, philosophy and even medicine. His main representative works are Hanlin Cao Shi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi and Shuowen Jiezi. "Frugal training, showing health" is included in the Chinese textbook of senior high school.
The author's life
Early experience
Sima Guangcai was born in the third year of Tianxi (10 19) in Song Like. On October 18th, Sima Guang was born in Guangshan, Gwangju (now Guangshan County, Henan Province). At this time, his father Sima Chi was appointed as the magistrate of Guangshan County, so it was widely sealed. At the age of six, Sima Chi taught Sima Guang to read. At the age of seven, he could not only recite Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, but also understand its main ideas. Made a shocking Luo Jing's "Hit the Cylinder to Save Friends".
In the ninth year of Tiansheng (103 1), Sima Guang started from Tokyo with his father Sima Chi, passed through Luoyang, Tongguan, Baoji and Qinling, and went to Guangyuan, Sichuan, where he served as a transshipment ambassador. He met a python on the plank road. He calmly held the sword and plunged into the python's tail, which made the python feel a shock and rolled unfathomable.
Sima Guang's erudition comes from many aspects. On the one hand, he is eager for knowledge and has a wide range of knowledge; on the other hand, his father is also interested in training. He is honest and smart, and he is very smart and sensible, and is deeply loved by his father. At the same time, whenever traveling or talking with colleagues and close friends, Sima Chi always takes him with him. Seeing and hearing, Sima Guang is an "awe-inspiring adult" in knowledge and knowledge. At that time, many ministers and celebrities appreciated Sima Guang very much. Shang Shu Zhang Cun proposed to betrothed his daughter to Sima Guang. After Sima Chi's death, former Deputy Prime Minister Pang Ji raised Sima Guang as his own son. Sima Chi always took Sima Guang with him when he went to Henan, Shaanxi and Sichuan to be an official. Therefore, Sima Guang followed his father through many places before he was fifteen years old. In these places, he visited the ancient times, wrote poems, and enjoyed the local customs, which greatly enriched Sima Guang's social knowledge.
Step into officialdom
In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was 20 years old. He took the exam and was admitted to the first subject of high school. From then on, he entered Shilin and became a judge in Huazhou (now Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province). At this time, Sima Chi was in Tongzhou (now Dali, Shaanxi), and the distance between the two places was close. Sima Guang often visited his parents. In the same state, he met the history of the top scholar in the same subject, and the top scholar became famous very early. Although twenty years older than Sima Guang, they get along well. They often exchange knowledge together, talk about the past, visit the present, and become friends who forget the new year. That same year, he married Zhang Cun's daughter.
In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), because his father was transferred to Hangzhou, Sima Guang resigned as the judge of Huazhou and was appointed as the judge of Suzhou. While he was ambitious and making progress in his career, his mother died of illness. According to feudal ethics, he had to resign and go home to mourn for three years. During this period, Yuan Hao, a northern Tangut, proclaimed himself emperor (in the first year of Baoyuan, 1038) and established Xixia Kingdom. Xixia fought a war with the Song Dynasty in order to get rid of its vassal status, and the Song Dynasty failed again and again. In order to strengthen the military defense, Song Renzong asked the two provinces to acquire archers and command posts. Sima and his son don't think it is good to do so. Therefore, Sima Guang drafted "On the Improper Posture of Archers in Zhejiang Province" on behalf of his father, and expounded the problem of adding archers and military attaché s from many aspects.
In December of the first year of Li Qing (104 1), Sima Chi died in Jinzhou, and Sima Guang and his younger brother Sima Dan returned to their hometown Xia County with their father's coffin. His parents died one after another, which made Sima Guang extremely sad. He sighed. "I've been thinking about this for a long time." However, during his funeral, he turned sadness into the motivation to study and write hard to dispel endless sadness and loneliness. During this period, he read a lot of books and wrote many valuable articles, such as On Ten Philosophers, On Four Gentlemen, On Jia Sheng, etc., and put forward some opinions on some ancient things according to his own opinions and feelings.
During the three years of mourning, he learned a lot about the life of the lower class. In the fourth year of Li Qing (1044), Sima Guang, who was 26 years old at that time, ended his mourning and signed a book as Judge Wu. Soon, he changed to Xuande Lang, became the director's main book, and knew Fengcheng County like the back of his hand. In a very short period of time, we have achieved the political achievements of "considerable political voice and people calling for it".
In his spare time, he read many classics and wrote many papers, such as Machine Power and Talent, Lian Po, Soldiers Waiting for Wu Anjun, Xiang Yu's Punishment for Han Sheng, Emperor Gaozu's Punishment for Ding Gong, Gan Luo and Fan Ju, and Zhao Jun in Qin Pit.
In the sixth year of Sima Guang's reign (1046), Sima Guang received the imperial edict. He was transferred to Dali as a judge and ethnic teacher. On the day he went to Beijing, his present friend went out to buy wine to give him a farewell dinner. Sima Guang was moved by everyone's enthusiasm and improvised a poem: "Don't fall forward drunk, will this joy be heavy tomorrow?" It's not too late to say goodbye and look back at the tower! "At this time, Sima Guang was in high spirits. Although his career is boundless and unpredictable, he came to Kyoto with excitement.
In the seventh year of Li Qing (1047), Sima Guang was twenty-nine years old. The peasant king of Zhou Bei rebelled and captured Zhou Bei, which was called "Dongping County King" in history. At this time, Pang Ji, a good friend of Sima Guang's father, served as a deputy envoy in North Korea and was in charge of national military affairs. Sima Guang wrote "On-the-spot Record of Pang Shumi's Theory of Zhou Bei", offering suggestions for Pang Ji to quell the uprising as soon as possible. The specific suggestion is to "break with a plan", use threats and inducements to divide and disintegrate, and only punish "the first evil" and leave the rest alone. In fact, the rebel army lasted only 66 days, the leader Wang was killed and the rest were burned to death.
In the first year of you (1049), Pang Ji was promoted to Tang Dynasty, and Sima Guang was recommended as the director of the pavilion, but he did not get the permission of the emperor. In the third year (105 1), Sima Guang was thirty-three years old, and was recommended by Prime Minister Pang Ji as the proofreader of Guan Ge, also known as Tai Chang Yuan. During his tenure, he made a systematic study of China's Ancient Filial Piety Scripture and wrote an article "Interpretation of China's Ancient Filial Piety Scripture". In the fifth year (1053), Sima Guang was appointed as a hall official, in addition to proofreading the history museum, revising the calendar and changing the collection of talents for proofreading. From then on, Sima Guang began to study history. While Sima Guang was concentrating on studying history, Pang Ji was demoted to prime minister and assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, and held a well-known position in Yunzhou (now Yuncheng, Shandong Province). Pang Ji recommended Sima Guang as Yunzhou Code.
Govern the local area
In the first year of He Zhi (1054), Sima Guang left like-minded Wang Anshi, Shi, Bao Zheng and others as Yunzhou people. Soon, he was appointed as the chief judge, responsible for inspecting Quanzhou officials.
In the second year (1055), Sima Guang, a sitting stone statue in Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province, was appointed as the ambassador of Hedong Road because Pang Ji was in Bingzhou.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), he wrote three letters "Please build a storage auxiliary or enter the imperial clan" (the first, second and third tables), suggesting that Emperor Injong set up Chu Jun, but after the three tables failed, he asked Fan Zhen to convey them in the era of playing things and asked Injong to give a clear answer. But all this failed to convince Injong, and Sima Guang chose silence.
During his tenure with Pang Ji in Hedong Road, Sima Guang was in a state of truce in Song and Xia Dynasties, but he did not relax his vigilance, but went deep into the people to listen to the opinions of the local people. Liu Yong, a tribute scholar in Bingzhou township, is very good at studying border politics, and has written the book "On the Border" 10. The discussion is very insightful and recommended by Sima Guang.
Sima Guang thought that the method of closing cities and building castles was conducive to protecting the peace of border areas, so he decided to build castles while prohibiting border people from trading with Xixia. At this moment, Guo En, the general who led the troops, borrowed wine to attack Xixia, but he was defeated and committed suicide. When the court heard the case, Ponzi took on the heavy responsibility alone. Later, Pang Ji was dismissed from his post and relegated to Qingzhou. Sima Guang told the emperor that Pang Ji decided to build the castle only after listening to his advice, which showed that Pang Ji was born out of loyalty and did not consider personal efforts, because "he listened to the minister." Pang Ji learned that Sima Guang wanted to defend himself, played again, took the blame, and demanded that Sima Guang be exempted from his crimes, so that Sima Guang would not be punished.
What is commendable is that Pang Ji and Sima Guang support and care for each other with the friendship of forgetting friends. After Pang Ji's death, Sima Guang never forgot Pang Ji's great kindness to him and regarded his family as his own.
Return to the central government
In the third year of Jiayou (1058), Sima Guang moved to Kaifeng for a promotion and was given five clothes; In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Juzhu was revised. Sima guang resolutely refused, connecting five forms. He thought he was "not really good at it", but Injong never retracted his order.
Soon, Renzong wrote a letter, moved Sima Guang to lay down his life and admonished the court together. During his five years in office, he wrote more than 170 letters to the emperor, successively wrote to Injong about "three words" and "five rules", and wrote to Injong many times to solve the problem of succession. Injong felt that Sima Guang really considered the country, so he transferred the throne to Zhongshu Province. Sima Guang personally went to Zhongshu Province to ask questions until Zhao Shu was appointed as the Crown Prince.
Sima Guang's inscription looks like Sima Guang is 44 years old, but Sima Guang doesn't want to take office. He thinks this is the job of drafting imperial edicts, not his specialty. To this end, in March of the seventh year of Jiayou (1062), he attached nine letters to explain that he was not suitable for this position. Emperor Renzong withdrew the imperial edict, granted the Tianzhangge system, served as a lecturer, and still knew about the suggestion court.
In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Renzong died on March 29th. In April, that is, Yingzong Zhao Shu acceded to the throne. The contradiction between the two palaces intensified, and Sima Guang saw this situation. On April 13, he entered the book Empress Shu, and on April 27th, he entered the book Shu Emperor, arguing that the top priority of the country should be the concerted efforts of the monarch and the people and the cooperation between China and foreign countries. On June 22, he went to the "two palaces" and pointed out: "The golden dike is thousands of miles away and collapsed in the ant nest; Bai Bi's flaws are easy to stay and difficult to combine. " The emperor did not have the support of the queen mother, who left the emperor. 1 1 on 26th, he wrote two more chapters, one for the empress dowager and the other for the emperor. At the memorial service, we talked about history, put our interests on the table, distinguished the righteousness, set out from the overall situation, and tried to convince each other, which finally worked. In addition, Yingzong's condition has also improved, easing the contradiction between the Queen Mother and Yingzong.
It took more than a year from March of the eighth year of Jiayou (1063) to July of the first year of Zhiping (1064). Sima Guang wrote 17 letters in order to eliminate the contradiction between the Empress Dowager and Yingzong. During his five-year career as an admonisher, he paid attention to both the upper class and the lower class, helping the court to solve the important issues related to the fate of the country, such as the succession to the throne, the essentials of the emperor's self-cultivation and the program of governing the country. He issued a call to care about people's sufferings and lighten their burden. And this idea runs through almost all his memorials. He pointed out in "On Wealth and Profit" that farmers are the most bitter in the world today, because "farmers have to pay various taxes to the government and undertake various kinds of labor. In the harvest year, the grain sellers exploited, the years were bad, they were displaced, and even froze to death and starved to death. Suggest taking some measures to benefit the people.
Sima guang opposed the practice of banquet and reward in the palace In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1), he wrote in the form of a banquet, pleading with the emperor to think of the people and stop drinking. He read the book "Words Leave Miscellaneous Son" and opposed the imperial court to reward ministers regardless of the country's reality.
Stay in the post of warning
After Sima Guang's Suzhou stone statue Renzong died, Yingzong presented ministers with Renzong relics worth more than one million yuan, and Sima Guang also received nearly a thousand rewards. But these correct suggestions, because the court was corrupt and offended some vested interests, can't be adopted. Sima guang had to start from himself and give his reward as the minister's money to the suggestion court.
In the first year of Zhiping (1064), Sima Guang performed "The Miscellaneous Man of Begging for Shaanxi". He believes that the "courage" in the frontier defense organizations at that time made the people "flesh and blood displaced and the countryside exhausted" and brought endless suffering to the people. I hope the court will review the interests. Stop this. The court refused to accept it, so he wrote a second letter and went to the temple to see Yingzong himself. He said that the defense of the border should start with the generals, the army, and the government, and blindly make up the numbers. It can only be "only disturbing, but useless." Yingzong moved slightly this time and sent a miscellaneous person to Zhongshu Province to discuss with the Privy Council. However, after discussion, I realized that this matter has been put forward for a long time and it is difficult to change it. He even contacted Liu Shu to argue with Prime Minister Han Qi. Although Han Qi was speechless, he had the right, and Sima Guang didn't help it. After the failure of this exhortation, Sima Guang appealed for surrender five times.
In the second year of Zhiping (1065), the imperial court served as Sima Guang's direct bachelor in Longtuge, and remained as a remonstrator. Because Sima Guang was completely disappointed with the admonisher, he took the opportunity to connect three cases and demanded that the admonisher be improper. He said in the throne: "I have been engaged in exhortation for five years. Since this dynasty, no one has lived in this official position as long as a minister. My qualifications are stupid, but I only know how to serve my country, try my best to be clean and make enemies. There are many people before and after me, and we meet all over the world. I am often afraid that my future generations have no place to stand, so I hope to get rid of them. " Yingzong approved the removal of his remonstrance post and still entered Longtuge as a straight bachelor.
In the third year of Zhiping (1066), Sima Guang presented Tongzhi (mainly historical records, compiled into five volumes of Zhouji, three volumes of Ji Qin and eight volumes of * * *) to Yingzong. The time of this book is from the twenty-third year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when Han, Zhao and Wei were enfeoffed, to three years, until the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Yingzong greatly appreciated it after reading it, and gave two clear instructions to Sima Guang. One is to continue editing Tongzhi, and the other is to decide to start a bookstore. Sima Guang chose his own official as an assistant.
In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Yingzong died of illness and Zongshen Zhao Yong succeeded to the throne. Ouyang Xiu, who was involved in politics, strongly recommended Sima Guang to Zongshen, saying that Sima Guang was "virtuous and knowledgeable". Zongshen appointed Sima Guang as a bachelor of Hanlin and soon appointed him as an imperial envoy.
Old and new party struggle
After Song Shenzong Zhao Yong ascended the throne, he was full of vigor and determined to revive his ancestral business. After asking questions with an open mind and seeking advice from many parties, I feel that a radical and bold reform plan put forward by Wang Anshi is in line with my own ideals. In the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi was reused as a political advisor and presided over the political reform. Ideologically, Wang Anshi advocated open source and Sima Guang advocated throttling. Because of their different political views, Sima Guang and Wang Anshi argued fiercely on some issues, and sometimes they did not give in to each other at the seminar hosted by the emperor. However, Sima Guang did not oppose Wang Anshi's political reform in general, especially when the reform had not exposed obvious drawbacks, and he did not openly oppose it. Even when someone wanted to impeach Wang Anshi, he advised him. It was not until Wang Anshi promulgated the Young Crop Law that Sima Guang expressed different opinions. He thinks that it is more harmful for county officials to rely on their powers to release money and collect interest than for civilians to lend money and collect interest, so he expresses strong dissatisfaction.
Portrait of Sima Guang
Song Shenzong hoped that Sima Guang could play a good role and help him to save the crisis and realize national rejuvenation as soon as possible. In the third year of Xining (1070), on February 12th, Sima Guang was appointed as assistant envoy. Sima Guang resolutely refused on the grounds of "unable to manage money" and "not studying military affairs". From 15 to 27, he signed five letters and asked to leave Beijing. Later, he learned about Yongxing Army (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) from the bachelor of Duanmingtang.
In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), on April 9th, he saw his good friend Fan Zhen dismissed from office for bluntly saying that Wang Anshi "refused to remonstrate" and "used the skills of the disabled". Sima Guang angrily denounced Fan's unfairness and requested to take a post in Xijing and stay at Yushitai. Retired to Luoyang, regardless of political affairs, and continued to co-edit Tong Jian with Bookstore, which lasted 15 years.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Sima Guang was sixty-six, and Zi Tong Zhi Jian was completely completed and submitted on July 1 1 2008. 1 1 month, after the final parts of Tong Jian, Ji Tang and Ji of Five Dynasties were completed, Sima Guang, together with Tong Jian Kao Yi and Tong Jian Catalogue, played to the gods. Emperor Zongshen attached great importance to it and stamped the seal of the Emperor's Ruisi Hall at the beginning and end of each book. He is the author of a book entitled "A Teacher Who Never Forgets the Past", with the title "Zi Tongzhi Jian" and a preface written by himself. On the third day of December, Zong Shen sent a letter to Sima Guang, saying that he "read widely, ran through ancient and modern times, from late to five dynasties, and wrote a book, which was praised and derogated, and was well founded." He also gave silver, silk, clothes and horses, promoted Sima Guang to a bachelor's degree in Senior Minister Hall, and moved Fan Zuyu to be the provincial secretary.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Sima Guang was 67 years old. On March 7th, Zongshen died, and Zhao Xu, who was only 10 years old, succeeded Zhezong. Zhezong was young and ruled by his grandmother, Empress Dowager. Empress Dowager Cixi asked Sima Guang for advice on the strategy of governing the country. Sima Guang published "Begging for Tao Yan" and suggested "clearing the way". Sima Guang once again called for not to increase the burden on poor farmers, and advocated that the new law must be abolished and "benevolent government" should be implemented for farmers. Then he played the second book "Essentials of Governing the Country by Nourishing the Heart", focusing on rewards and punishments of employing people, and put forward that the Garbo Law, the Exemption Law and the Art of War are all "harmful to the people and the country"
Empress Dowager Cixi began to use Sima Guang to get to know Chen Zhou. Soon, she wrote a letter to the assistant minister (deputy prime minister). But Sima Guang declined politely, saying that he was "older and more tired" and only asked about Chen Zhou. Later, with the support of relatives and friends around me, I took office. Sima Guang advised the Empress Dowager that Herry Liu, Fan Chunren, Chang Li, Su Shi and Su Zhe, who were demoted for opposing the new law, were recalled to North Korea, and Lv Gongzhu, Wen Yanbo and other senior ministers were also recalled to the court.
Sima Guang abolished the new law, published "Please Correct the Malpractices", and compared the new law to poison in "Please Update the New Law", demanding that immediate measures be taken to "update" all. Garbo Law was abolished, as were Tanaka's average tax law, market liberalization law and horse protection law. Knowing that the immunity law, the young crop law and the general officer law have not been abolished, he said with infinite sadness, "I will close my eyes even if I die!" " He said to Lv Gongzhu, "Since I fell ill, I have learned that my medical care is paid, my family affairs are paid (Sima Kang), and state affairs are not paid." I hope Lv Gongzhu can realize his old dream. At the same time, the above table requests resignation. However, the empress dowager is very dependent on him. Not only was she not allowed to resign, but she was granted the position of assistant minister Zuo and assistant minister, and officially became prime minister. Then the exemption law and the young crops law were quickly abolished. Sima Guang finally realized his long-cherished wish to abolish the exemption law and his own political views.
old age
Sima Guang's profile When Sima Guang visited the DPRK for the second time, he compiled the essence of Mandarin into Yan Hui. The tables and charts of the past years and the list of officials were supplemented into a book, Jigulu, which formed a concise general history of "slightly observing the style" and was responsible for the final revision of Zitongzhijian.
On the first day of September in the first year of Yuan You (1086), Sima Guang died at the age of 68. He was awarded the title of "loyalty, purity and virtue" by a surname, Wen Guogong, posthumous title Zheng Wen and Song Zhezong. After his death, Zhezong buried him in Gaoling. When the coffin was sent to Xiaxian county, people in Beijing went on strike to show their respect, and some even sold their clothes to attend the memorial ceremony. The crying in the street drowned out the sound of traffic. By the time of burial, the person crying is sincere, as if crying for his loved ones. The elders in Fengzhou, Lingnan also paid homage to Sima Guang, and the capital and all parts of the country made portraits and sacrifices for him. We must sacrifice him before eating.
During the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Zhang Dun became the prime minister, thinking that Sima Guang was more prosperous, and Zhezong wrote a letter to withdraw the ceremony of Sima Guang and destroy the monument.
Born four years younger (1097), he was demoted as the deputy envoy of the Qing navy and was chased and demoted to join the army. For three years (1 102), Fu Yuan chased the Prince Taibao. In the second year of Chongning (1 103), when Cai Jing was the prime minister, he chased Dr. Zuo Guanglu again, immediately removed his name, called Sima Guang "Yuan You party member", and carved a tablet for party member, Yuan You, prohibiting Yuan You from studying. During the Daguan period, Prince Taibao was hunted down. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), it was given to a surname, and it was given again. During the Jian Yan period in Song Gaozong, he was awarded the Zhezong Temple.
In the second year of Song Lizong Baoqing (1226), Sima Guang was one of the twenty-four outstanding figures of Li Zongtu. During the reign of Xianchun, it was enshrined in the Confucius Temple. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, he was worshipped as "Sima Zi, a former Confucian". In the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), Sima Guang and forty heroes of past dynasties paid homage to the Imperial Temple.