Franois Gerard Georges Nicolas Hollande (Fran _ OISG é rard Georges Nicolas Hollande) was born in Rouen, France, 1954, a French politician, the 24th President of France and the Grand Duke of Andorra.

1979, Hollande joined the French Socialist Party. 1980, graduated from the French National School of Administration. 198 1 served as the consultant of the president's office of francois mitterrand, and joined the economic team of the president's office the following year. 1988 was elected as a member of the French national assembly. 1997 served as the first secretary of the socialist party from 2008 to 2008. 20 12 On May 6th, he was elected President of France and concurrently served as the Grand Duke of Andorra. 20 16 I give up my re-election On May 20 17 14, he officially stepped down as President of France.

During Hollande's administration, he adopted a radical tax increase policy to solve the budget deficit problem, and turned to a more pro-free market position in the middle and late period. On 20 13, the Hollande government passed the gay marriage bill. 20 14 administrative division reform bill passed. In 20 15, the United Nations Climate Conference adopted the Paris Agreement. However, France's financial and economic problems, employment, terrorist attacks, refugees, private life and other issues have made Hollande the democratically elected president with the lowest public support rate before leaving office.

Chinese name: Franois Gerard, George, Nicolas and Hollande.

mbth:Fran _ oisgérardgeorgensicolashollande

Nationality: France

Place of birth: Rouen, France

Date of birth:1aug 95412nd.

Occupation: politician

Graduate school: French National School of Administration.

Major achievements: 24th President of France (2012-2017).

Felix Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize (20 13)

Masterpiece: French Dream

Political Party: French Socialist Party

Faction: left wing

Character experience

Early experience

1August 954 12, Hollande was born in Rouen, a city in northern France. From kindergarten to the third grade of primary school, I received education in the religious school "Let Baptist Boarding School".

1968, the Hollande family moved to Paris and lived in the small town of Nye on the outskirts of Paris. After arriving in Paris, Hollande entered Pasteur Middle School. After graduating from high school, he was admitted to the Law School of University of Paris (now University of Paris II). After receiving his degree, he studied at the French Business School and the Paris School of Political Science.

From 65438 to 0974, Hollande intervened in politics and became the chairman of the French Students' Union, a left-wing student union organization. He organized school alumni to cheer for Socialist presidential candidate francois mitterrand.

From 65438 to 0979, Hollande officially joined the French Socialist Party. 1980 graduated from the French National School of Administration with the seventh place. After graduation, Hollande entered the audit court as an auditor and taught economics to third-year students at the Paris School of Political Science.

Political experience

198 1 year, Mitterrand was elected president of France, Hollande became an adviser to the presidential palace, and joined the economic team of the presidential palace the following year.

From 65438 to 0988, Hollande was elected as a member of the National Assembly in Thule, the capital of the French province of Correz. 1993, re-election failed.

1997 was re-elected as a member of parliament and took over the post of first secretary of the Socialist Party from Lionel Jospin.

200 1 was elected as the mayor of Thule.

In 2008, after the Socialist Party failed in three consecutive presidential elections, Hollande resigned as the first secretary of the Socialist Party and began to prepare for the 20 12 French presidential election. He became the longest-serving first secretary of the Socialist Party. In the same year, he was elected as the chairman of the provincial Council of Kolez Province.

On October 2011010/0 16, Hollande was successfully nominated for the primary election within the party and became the presidential candidate of the French Socialist Party.

On April 22nd, 20 12, in the first round of voting in the French presidential election, Hollande and Sarkozy ranked in the top two, with 28.63% and 27. 18% valid votes respectively, and * * * entered the second round of competition; On May 6th, he won 5 1.24% of the valid votes in the second round of the presidential election, defeated Sarkozy by a narrow margin, and was elected president of France, concurrently serving as the Grand Duke of Andorra, becoming the first socialist president in France since 17.

20 16 12 1, delivered a televised speech saying that he would not participate in the French presidential election in 20 17.

On May 20 17 14, he officially stepped down as President of France.

Political measures

Political aspects

On February 20 14, 14, the French National Assembly passed the proposal of administrative division reform put forward by Hollande. According to the motion, France will merge 22 local regions from 20 16 1 into 13 super regions.

In the face of terrorist attacks, Hollande declared a state of emergency in France twice (1October 2013 and July 14, 20 16), and set up 5,000 reserve police and gendarmerie posts. The network supervision of French society has also begun to enter the stage of legalization, such as allowing the police to enter the private houses of citizens browsing jihad-related websites to check the situation.

20 16, 5438+06, 5438+0, in the terrorist attacks in June 2005, Hollande put forward the "deprivation of nationality plan", because this policy is not only aimed at French people who were born outside French territory and obtained French nationality, but also at people who were born in France and have dual nationality. Once they commit terrorist crimes or oppose France's vital interests, they can also be deprived of French nationality. In the constitutional reform on March 30th, 20 16, this plan was finally abandoned.

economic aspect

Through government reform, Hollande implemented the policy of diligence and honesty, and collected taxes from large enterprises, which reduced the fiscal deficit to some extent. However, in the later period of Hollande's administration, France was frequently attacked by terrorist organizations, and the anti-terrorism action increased financial input, which led to a substantial increase in the French national budget.

In 20 13 years, the Hollande government adjusted its strategy, reduced the tax of low-income groups, reduced the burden on enterprises by nearly 4 10 billion euros, increased the core research and development funds of enterprises, and promoted the research and development of new technologies. In addition, the implementation of "competition and employment tax credit measures", through reducing corporate tax policies, credit 6% of labor costs, and promote employment.

In July of the same year, the parliament passed the banking reform plan, and French banks were forced to disclose the list of subsidiaries everywhere, one country and one country, and explain the nature of their business every year. In addition, the Hollande government also proposed a plan to increase taxes on the rich.

Social aspects

In 20 13, the Hollande government promulgated the reform bill "The Direction and Planning Law of Rebuilding National Schools", and implemented the junior high school reform "Learning for Better Success and Better Learning" in early 20 16, which intensified the reform of ordinary high schools and vocational high schools and better balanced the study time and individualized study assistance time of students.

During Sarkozy's administration, 80,000 jobs in the education industry were cancelled by the "fiscal slimming plan", and most of them were restored during Hollande's administration. The education industry has created about 60,000 jobs, and teachers' salaries have been reassessed. The cancelled teacher training has also been resumed.

The Hollande government has implemented many measures such as reducing the number of students, increasing the number of teaching assistants and increasing teachers' subsidies in "education priority areas" (cities or rural areas with high academic failure rates).

In addition, the Hollande government has also cancelled the transfer restrictions for international students.

In 20 12, the Hollande government introduced the measures of "future employment" and "intergenerational contract" in an attempt to ease the employment tension and promote the employment of young people. "Future employment" contracts include two forms, namely, long-term contracts and short-term contracts. The state will provide a subsidy of 1 to 3 years for each contract, and the subsidy can be extended to 5 years if the beneficiary is younger. The main audience of this contract is/kloc-young people aged 0/6 to 25 who lack professional skills or have poor skills. Young people from poor communities are particularly inclined to this policy.

In 20 13, the Hollande government promulgated the Act on Ensuring Work Safety, which aims to ensure that employees enjoy more rights and safety (excluding employees who work less than 24 hours a week). The Kumri Act, another bill promulgated by the Hollande government, covers many aspects (especially the rights of young employees).

In order to cope with the weak areas of medical resources, we set up adjacent health stations in each area to promote the optimal allocation of medical resources. Increased the percentage of general practitioners' income and reduced the price of drugs.

20 15 12 12 1 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Paris, which adopted the Paris Agreement. In addition, the Hollande government gave up considering the opinions of ecologists and approved the construction of Notre Dame airport in Lund, which has been controversial for many years.

20 13 On April 23rd, the French National Assembly voted to pass the bill on gay marriage and child adoption. After Hollande signed it, France became the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. The bill allows homosexuals of different nationalities to get married in France and adopt a child or one of them after marriage.

In addition, the Hollande government passed a reform bill on ending life, giving the right of "deep and continuous sedation", which made "assisted suicide" and "euthanasia" take the first step towards equality.

Diplomatic aspect

20 13 On April 25th, Hollande paid his first visit to China at the invitation of China President Xi Jinping and arrived in Beijing for a two-day state visit to China. Hollande hopes that China's market will be more open, and that China and France will consolidate their good cooperation in the fields of nuclear energy, aerospace and other fields and open up new areas of cooperation. He also called on China entrepreneurs to invest more in France.

2015165438+10 On February 2, Hollande visited China for the second time at the invitation of Xi Jinping and arrived in Chongqing for a two-day state visit to China. China and France jointly issued the Sino-French Joint Statement on Climate Change, which witnessed the signing of a number of cooperation documents by the governments and enterprises of the two countries, covering the fields of economy, trade, finance, energy, environmental protection and humanities.

After taking office, Hollande pursued a positive foreign policy, including supporting the US position on the Syrian issue and consolidating the relationship between the US and France as "traditional allies".

14 February 10, Hollande began to visit the United States, becoming the first French president to visit the United States in the past 20 years. Hollande and Obama held talks on a series of issues such as Iran's nuclear program, climate change, trade and dealing with the threat of Islamic extremism. At a joint press conference with Hollande, Obama said that the leaders of the two countries have established "bilateral relations unimaginable 10 years ago". Hollande also said that he and Obama have resolved the disputes and differences caused by the US National Security Agency's monitoring of European allies.

20 12 In June, a document entitled "European Growth Pact" with a total amount of12 billion euros was submitted to the Council of the European Union to discuss this proposal at the EU summit that opened at the end of June. With this "growth contract", Hollande hopes to levy a financial transaction tax in Europe, increase investment in high-tech industries, public infrastructure and other industries, supplemented by measures to promote the employment of young people. At the EU Summer Summit on June 29th, EU leaders approved Hollande's "growth and employment contract" and promised to invest 654.38+02 billion euros as a supplement to the "financial contract".

From July 2065438 to July 2006, Hollande embarked on a trip to Europe, seeking to strengthen the ties between the 27 member States of the European Union after the British referendum on Britain's withdrawal from the European Union. He visited Portugal, Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia and Ireland, aiming at "providing new impetus for EU-27". Hollande's trip will take the opportunity to win the support of Portugal and other left-leaning southern European countries and make peace with Austria and Slovakia, which hold the rotating presidency.

20 16 On August 22nd, Hollande held a summit meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Italian Prime Minister Renzi to discuss the situation after the British referendum on Britain's withdrawal from the EU, the threat of terrorist attacks and the refugee crisis. Hollande said that after the British withdrawal from the EU, the suspected European camps in various countries took advantage of it. In view of the extreme right forces, he believes that the EU can act as the economic backing of member countries, ensure trade, eliminate uncertainty and inject vitality into the future of the EU.

Since he was elected president in May 20 12, Hollande has received more than a dozen African heads of state in Paris. On June 5438+ 10, he visited Senegal and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and attended the 14 th French-speaking Summit held in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 65438+Visit Algeria in the middle and late February.

During his two visits to Africa, Hollande admitted that France had colonized Africa in history, participated in the cruel slave trade, and even admitted that there had been "bloody repression and slaughter" in Algeria. At the same time, he claimed that he went to Africa not to apologize, nor to reflect, but to bring the message of trust, friendship and unity, to end the "French-African special relationship network" and dark secret diplomacy in the past, to turn a new page in history and to "look to the future" with Africa. During his visit to Algeria, Hollande signed a declaration of friendship and cooperation with President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, announcing the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership of "equality, respect, balance and unity" between France and Algeria.

Hollande said that France, "as an honest partner" and based on the important principle of "universal values", clearly "sends a message" and "demands" to African countries, so that African countries can respect democracy, human rights, practice good governance and oppose corruption, thus "carrying the democratization process to the end". He emphasized that "without democracy, there can be no real economic development and social progress". Hollande said that this is "not interference, but a requirement."

On the current security and counter-terrorism issues facing Africa, Hollande opposed negotiations with extremist terrorist organizations occupying northern Mali and refused to compromise with Maghreb terrorist organizations that kidnapped French hostages. Hollande expressed support for Mali and Congo (DRC) to maintain territorial and sovereign integrity, and for regional organizations such as the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States to solve security problems independently.

Hollande praised the rapid economic progress and good development prospects of African countries, and declared that sub-Saharan Africa is the "top priority" of French policy, because it involves more than half of France's budget. To this end, France and Africa are committed to development and hope that both sides will become primary partners and allies.

Hollande promised that France will actively act as the spokesperson of Africa on the international stage and defend the interests of Africa; France provides innovative funds, such as actively promoting the establishment of financial transaction tax in EU countries and using 10% tax to help developing countries; France will urge the international community to focus on helping African countries solve problems such as disease, security and food crisis.

In addition, the Hollande government also relies on the franc zone to create employment and growth and establish more stable economic and trade relations between Europe and Africa; France will also take unilateral measures to simplify the procedures of personnel flow and exchange and help more African youth to go to France for vocational training; Promote cooperation and development between French and African NGOs, youth and women.

2015165438+130 October, Hollande said at the Paris Climate Conference that France is willing to provide 2 billion euros to African countries to help develop renewable energy in the next four years, thus replacing fossil fuel energy that is harmful to the climate. Hollande said in his speech that from 20 16 to 2020, France will provide 6 billion euros worth of electricity supply to the African continent.

Military aspects

20 12 12 2 2 1, Resolution 2085 drafted by France was adopted by the United Nations Security Council, and 3,300 African-led international support missions were sent to Mali to help the Malian army improve its combat capability, recover lost territory in the north and reduce the threat of terrorism in the region.

20 13 65438+ 10/0, anti-government forces attacked the town of kona on a large scale, and the transitional president of Mali, Traore, sent an urgent letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of France, requesting assistance. Hollande 1 1 announced that France would send troops to provide support to the Malian government forces that afternoon. On the evening of 65438+ 10 12, he delivered a televised speech at the Elysee Palace, the presidential palace, announcing that the purpose of French military operations in Mali, a West African country, was to restore Mali's territorial integrity and combat "terrorist aggression that threatened the whole West African region".

2015165438+10/6, Hollande said that "France is at war" and vowed to destroy the "Islamic State" organization. At the same time that Hollande declared war, the French military began to launch air strikes on the northern Syrian town of Raqqa, and 10 Hurricane fighters and Mirage 2000 fighters dropped 16 bombs. Hollande even used the most deterrent weapon. On June165438+1October 18, France's only nuclear-powered aircraft carrier "De Gaulle" set off for the Persian Gulf to participate in the action against the "Islamic State".

Character honor

Personal work

Personal life

family background

Hollande's father is an otolaryngologist, and he is passionate about the social problems around him. He appeared on the list of Rouen municipal elections twice. Unfortunately, he did not represent the traditional left-wing forces like the socialist party, but the far-right party. In the end, he lost the election. Hollande's mother is a social worker and her political ideas are left-leaning. In her eighties, she also participated in the Cannes Film Festival as a member of the Socialist Party.

Emotional experience

/kloc-in the 1970s, Hollande lived with his girlfriend Gaulene Royal, who was also a political figure. After that, he had four sons and broke up after the 2007 presidential election.

In 2006, Hollande began to live with his girlfriend Valerie Tarie Wheeler, a veteran political journalist. 2014 65438+125 October, announcing the breakup.

On June 8th, 20 15, the romance between Hollande and French actor Julie Gayet was announced.

Personality assessment

Terrorist attacks, protests and several relationships, this is Hollande's presidency. (AFP review)

Hollande is a "failed president". Although he pointed out in his televised speech that it was "for the national interest" to give up his re-election, it was actually his poor political achievements during his tenure that led to the situation in France. During his administration, Hollande boasted that he would not seek re-election if he could not solve the unemployment problem, while the unemployment rate in France still hovered around 9%- 10% all the year round. Poor political achievements have brought extremely low support rates. If Hollande participates in the 20 17 presidential election, it is almost impossible to defeat his competitors. (French media "20 Minutes" comments)

Hollande once vowed to be a "United President" and let everyone participate in the process of building the "French Dream". In fact, Hollande did not break his word. He launched the financial reform in an all-round way, implemented the deficit reduction plan drastically, and changed the fragmentation of the social security system. In the process of reform, Hollande also tried to reshape France's economic competitiveness. Behind Hollande is the French Socialist Party, which emphasizes unity at home, implements moderate and realistic policies, opposes racism abroad and promotes the process of world multipolarization. As the leader of the party, Hollande's policy has obvious traditional left-wing color, but it also permeates a certain liberal spirit.

Hollande was once known as "Roosevelt of Europe", but after several years, the most fundamental economic problems in France have not been solved. The terrorist crisis and the refugee problem have also become the last straw to crush him. Even if it is highly affirmed, in the last days of Hollande's administration, the harvest is still the doubts of this country and the disappointment of the people. (China Net-China Appearance Review)

Personality dispute

In August of 20 16, French newspaper Le Monde published an article written by two journalists, in which they recalled a meeting with Hollande in 20 14, when Hollande was waiting for US President Barack Obama to decide whether to launch air strikes against Syria. The article describes that Hollande put a document marked "confidential" on the desk of the Elysee Palace.

Later, this article was included in the book "What the President Should Not Say" written by the two journalists. The author also tells in the book that they met Hollande more than 60 times from April 20 12 to July 20 16. The author also disclosed part of the detailed action plan contained in the document. The two journalists also said in the book that Hollande told reporters on 20 15 10 that he authorized four assassinations, but changed his mind a month later, saying that he did not formally order the implementation of the operation, but only suggested doing so.

2016165438+1At the beginning of October, Le Rouche, a conservative parliamentarian, submitted an application to impeach Hollande in accordance with Article 68 of the French Constitution. 165438+1October 2 1 day, the prosecutor in Paris, France, said that he had begun to investigate whether Hollande's random placement of confidential documents on his desk when he met reporters in his office endangered national security. 165438+1On October 23rd, the parliament rejected the impeachment of Hollande by 13 to 8 votes.