Lemon has extremely high nutritional value. It is not only rich in vitamins, but also contains many essential trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium, as well as unique lemon oil and citric acid.
Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can extract essential oil, which is an important raw material for food and beauty cosmetics. Lemon embryos can be used to make preserves, jams, cakes and wines after being squeezed. Lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which are fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a regular fruit on the western food table and has the reputation of "the king of western food".
Chinese medicine also has a special evaluation of lemon, which is believed to have the effects of clearing heat, sterilizing, invigorating spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve alcoholism and lose weight.
When women eat lemons, they also have the functions of moistening skin, protecting skin and eliminating peculiar smell. According to medical reports, due to the deterioration of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory decline.
Lemon contains antioxidant water-soluble vitamin C, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation. Therefore, eating lemons every day helps to strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction.
According to medical reports, due to the deterioration of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory decline. Lemon contains antioxidant water-soluble vitamin C, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation.
Therefore, eating lemons every day helps to strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction. Just use it directly or soak in water.
2. Nutrition and taboo of lemon
Lemon is a kind of fruit with high nutritional and medicinal value. It is rich in vitamin C, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins and other nutrients. It has many functions, but you should also pay attention to taboos when eating lemon.
1 Lemons are generally not eaten raw, but processed into drinks or foods. Such as lemon juice, lemon sauce, lemon slices, lemon cake, etc. , can play the same drug role, such as improving vision and dark adaptability, reducing fatigue.
Don't use plastic bottles. As we all know, any plastic container can't be used for a long time, let alone lemon, which is acidic and corrosive. Terrible plasticizer.
Lemonade is best soaked in warm water of 60 to 80 degrees. This lemonade is not very bitter, and it is easy to soak out the nutrients of lemons. Warm water will not upset the stomach.
4 be sure to pay attention to the right amount: don't drink too much lemonade; Less lemon slices, just one. No matter how good the food is, you can't eat it recklessly.
People who like to drink lemonade on an empty stomach in the morning, it is best to add a spoonful of honey, not too many lemon slices, and the lemonade should be light. People with a bad stomach had better not drink lemonade on an empty stomach or drink less in the morning.
Lemon tastes particularly sour and easily hurts muscles and teeth. It is not advisable to eat too much. People with toothache should not eat, and diabetics should also avoid eating. In addition, patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers or hyperacidity are prohibited.
3. Knowledge about lemons
When the oxygen concentration is lower than 3% and the carbon dioxide concentration is higher than 10%, the flavor of lemon will be adversely affected. Carbon dioxide above 10% can increase the decay of lemon and reduce the sour taste. Less than 5% oxygen will cause lemon to taste bad. Paying attention to pre-harvest management, timely harvesting, selecting appropriate harvesting methods, timely antiseptic treatment, fruit selection, grading, waxing, packaging and storage management can prolong the storage period of lemons. In Sichuan, China, lemons are usually harvested in late June of10-10 and can be stored until May of the following year.
I. Recovery standards
1, expiration standard. Fruit juice content is 28%-30% (depending on the grade).
Color: dark green fruits have a long shelf life, and yellow fruits must be listed immediately after picking.
2. Quality standards. Yellowness and uniformity of the fruit, size, shape, smoothness and acidity of the fruit, no rot, freezing injury, dry fruit, no mechanical damage, no peel stain, erythema, shrinkage, mottle, etc.
Second, the preservation method
1, chemical preservation method. 1 supplies. 5% potassium permanganate solution, 5% bleaching powder solution, burnt honeycomb briquette residue or activated carbon, plastic woven bag. ② Preparation of preservatives. Soak the residue of honeycomb briquette combustion or activated carbon in 5% potassium permanganate solution for several hours, then take it out, drain the solution, air-dry it in a dark and ventilated place until it is half dry, and make it into small pieces or granules, which is the preservative. ③ Disinfection of plastic woven bags. Clean and disinfect the plastic woven bag with 5% bleaching powder and put it in the shade to dry. 4 bagging. Put the lemon and preservative together in a plastic bag according to the weight ratio of 4: 1, seal it, and store it at low temperature, preferably at 0℃- 12℃. Lemons can be stored in this way for 200 days.
2, coating preservation method (fruit preservation coating). This is a coating preservative suitable for citrus, lemon and other fruits. ① formula. Candelilla wax 4.0 kg, oleic acid 1.2 kg, xylene 0.05 kg, ethylene glycol 0. 1 kg, sodium carbonate 0.2 kg, morpholine 0.9 kg and water 22.2 kg. 2 preparation methods. After the above materials are heated to 80℃ for melting, they are added into 80℃ hot water and stirred evenly. ③ Method of use. When in use, the lemon can be washed, dried, dipped with a film coating agent, and then stored at 10℃-20℃. The fresh-keeping period can be extended from 1-7 weeks to 10-20 weeks.
3. Omni-directional fresh-keeping liquid preservation method. American researchers have recently invented a universal fresh-keeping liquid for fruit preservation and obtained an American patent. According to reports, this multifunctional fresh-keeping liquid is prepared by adjusting the pH value to below 3.5 with 3% citric acid or 75%-80% food-grade orthophosphoric acid, and adding 30%-40% sucrose, 0.3% sodium benzoate or ascorbic acid and 0.03% calcium hydrogen phosphate. Using this fresh-keeping liquid can not only prevent fruit from fading, inhibit bacterial reproduction, but also prevent fruit from shrinking and cracking, keep the texture of pulp unchanged, increase the sugar content and taste as good as new.
Third, disease control.
Physiological diseases of lemon include chilling injury and oil stain, while pathological diseases mainly include green mold, blue mold and black spot.
Prevention and control measures: carefully harvest to reduce injuries such as wounds, abrasions and lacerations; Before harvesting, it is treated with bactericide or biological antagonist; Rapidly cooling to a proper temperature; Maintain proper temperature and relative humidity during transportation and storage to reduce ethylene accumulation; The operating environment should be clean, etc.
4. Nutrition of fruit lemon
Lemon alias is also called foreign lemon, which belongs to citrus and rutaceae. It is a small plant tree with purplish red leaves and flowers and light green leaves. Lemon fruit is oblong or ovoid, with papillae at the front end, light yellow, rough surface, extremely sour meat, thick skin and rich aroma.
China began to introduce lemons from abroad in the early 1920s. After nearly 80 years of cultivation and domestication, there are lemon orchards in many provinces and cities in the south, but the lemon in Anyue, Sichuan is the most famous, where the lemon is big, thick and juicy. Because lemon has the habit of blooming and bearing fruit in four seasons, fresh lemon fruit can be seen in the market at any time.
Lemon has extremely high nutritional value. It is not only rich in vitamins (such as vitamin C, vitamin P, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2), but also contains many essential trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and magnesium, as well as unique lemon oil and citric acid. Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can extract essential oil, which is an important raw material for food and beauty cosmetics. Lemon embryos can be used to make preserves, jams, cakes and wines after being squeezed. Lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which are fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a regular fruit on the western food table and has the reputation of "the king of western food".
Chinese medicine also has a special evaluation of lemon, which is believed to have the effects of clearing heat, sterilizing, invigorating spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve alcoholism and lose weight.
When women eat lemons, they also have the functions of moistening skin, protecting skin and eliminating peculiar smell. More interestingly, in June this year, 5438+00 China Special Culture Festival was held in Anyue, Sichuan, which is known as the "hometown of lemons in China". It is said that there will be a reception with the theme of lemon feast, and tens of thousands of people will gather on the street to taste lemon food, drink lemon drinks, enjoy the night view of Anyue and wholeheartedly experience the joy and beauty brought by lemon.
5. The nutritional value of lemon
Nutritional components of lemon per100g
Energy 35kcal protein 65438+ 0. 1g fat 1.2g carbohydrate 6.2g dietary fiber 1.3g thiamine 0.05mg riboflavin 0.02mg nicotinic acid 0.6mg vitamin C 20mg vitamin E 1. 14mg calcium/kloc. 0. 1 mg 37 mg iron 0.8 mg zinc 0.65 mg selenium 0.5 mg copper 0. 14 mg manganese 0.05 mg.
1. Lemon contains nicotinic acid and rich organic acids, and tastes extremely sour. Citric acid juice has a strong bactericidal effect, which is very beneficial to food hygiene. Experiments show that lemon juice with strong acidity can kill all bacteria in shells within 15 minutes.
2. Lemon has a strong aroma, which can remove the fishy smell of meat and aquatic products and make the meat more tender. Lemon can also promote the secretion of proteolytic enzymes in the stomach and increase gastrointestinal peristalsis. In the daily life of westerners, lemons are often used to make cold dishes and pickled foods.
3. Lemon juice contains a lot of citrate, which can inhibit the crystallization of calcium salt, thus preventing the formation of kidney calculi, and even the formed stones can be dissolved. Therefore, eating lemon can prevent and treat kidney calculi's disease and reduce stones in some patients with chronic kidney calculi.
4. Eating lemon can also prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, alleviate the role of calcium ions in promoting blood coagulation, and prevent and treat hypertension and myocardial infarction. Citric acid can contract and strengthen capillaries, reduce permeability, improve coagulation function and platelet number, shorten coagulation time and bleeding time by 365,438+0% ~ 765,438+0%, and has hemostatic effect.
5. Fresh lemon is rich in vitamins and is a natural beauty product, which can prevent and eliminate skin pigmentation and has whitening effect;
6. Lemon raw food also has a good effect of preventing miscarriage and stopping vomiting, so lemon is a fruit suitable for women.
The general population can eat it.
6. What are the nutritional values of lemons?
Lemon has extremely high nutritional value. It is not only rich in vitamins, but also contains many essential trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium, as well as unique lemon oil and citric acid. Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can extract essential oil, which is an important raw material for food and beauty cosmetics. Lemon embryos can be used to make preserves, jams, cakes and wines after being squeezed. Lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which are fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a regular fruit on the western food table and has the reputation of "the king of western food". Chinese medicine also has a special evaluation of lemon, which is believed to have the effects of clearing heat, sterilizing, invigorating spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve alcoholism and lose weight. When women eat lemons, they also have the functions of moistening skin, protecting skin and eliminating peculiar smell. According to medical reports, due to the deterioration of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory decline. Lemon contains antioxidant water-soluble vitamin C, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation. Therefore, eating lemons every day helps to strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction.
According to medical reports, due to the deterioration of blood circulation function, blood circulation in the brain is blocked, which hinders the normal work of brain cells and causes memory decline. Lemon contains antioxidant water-soluble vitamin C, which can effectively improve the problem of poor blood circulation. Therefore, eating lemons every day helps to strengthen memory and improve the flexibility of thinking and reaction.
It can be used directly or soaked in water.
7. Safety tips. Lemon information
Open classification of lemons: vermicelli, lemon fruit, lemon, foreign lemon, and beneficial lemon níng méng (lemon) are shrubs developed from small trees or branches of Rutaceae.
The scientific name of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f) is also called lemon fruit, foreign lemon and beneficial mother fruit.
Because of its sour taste, pregnant women with insufficient liver qi like to eat it best, so it is called beneficial mother fruit or beneficial mother and child. Lemon is a small evergreen tree of Rutaceae and Citrus.
Whether it originated in the southwest of China and Myanmar, or in the eastern part of the southern foothills of the Himalayas, is still inconclusive. Now the main producers are Italy, Greece, Spain and the United States.
This kind of tree is more open, with many needles on its branchlets, and its tender tips are often purple. Petiole short, wings inconspicuous.
White with purple, slightly fragrant, solitary or 3~6 flowers in racemes. Citrus fruit is yellow and shiny, oval or obovate, with * * * * shaped protrusions at the top, large oil cells and obvious depressions, and the peel is not easy to peel off, with sour taste, and the pulp petals are 8~ 12, which is not easy to separate.
The seeds are ovoid, and most of them are single embryos. There are dozens of cultivated varieties, mainly Eureka and Lisbon.
Lemon is one of the least cold-tolerant citrus varieties. Suitable for places where it is warmer in winter, not too hot in summer and the temperature is relatively stable.
Cutting propagation is very easy to survive, but grafting is often used in production, with rough lemon (a hybrid of lemon) with developed root system as the rootstock. Suitable for planting on warm gentle slopes with deep soil layer and good drainage.
It blooms all year round and is open 3~4 times a year. Fruit is rich in vitamin C and citric acid.
There are lemon oil with special fragrance and vitamin P in the oil cells of the peel, which are harvested after full growth and do not turn yellow, and then ripened with ethylene to make the peel turn yellow.
It is resistant to storage and transportation. Besides fresh food, you can also make various drinks and extract lemon oil. There is little cultivation in China, and there is a kind of "Beijing Lemon" in the north. The top of the fruit has no * * * * like protuberance, and it is neither sour nor fragrant, so it is only potted for viewing.
Untrimmed lemon plants can be as high as 3 to 6 meters. The young leaves are obviously red and then gradually turn green.
Some varieties have angular young branches; Some varieties have spikes between leaf axils. Flowers are large, fragrant, solitary or clustered; The bud is reddish, the petals are white and purple, which can be used to make drinks, contain vitamin P and extract lemon oil.
The fruit is ovoid with a wide and short * *-shaped protrusion at the top; 8 to 10 disc; It is yellow when it is ripe. Some varieties have thick exocarp, white mesocarp, spongy and almost tasteless, which are the main sources of commercial pectin.
Seeds are small, ovoid and pointed; Occasionally seedless. The pulp tastes very sour.
The main acid is citric acid, accounting for more than 5% of the total fruit juice. Lemon juice is rich in vitamin C and contains a small amount of vitamin B.
After the Crusaders discovered lemons in Palestine, lemons began to spread all over Europe. At present, the cultivation of lemon trees in most tropical and subtropical regions is limited.
Commercial lemon trees are usually propagated by budding, and the coastal areas of Italy and California are most suitable for growing lemons. Generally planted in orchards, the spacing between plants is 5 to 8 meters.
Generally, flowers bloom all year round, and fruits are harvested 6 to 10 times a year. Mature commercial fruit is about 5 cm in diameter. Fruits are generally harvested before ripening and can be preserved for 3 months after treatment.
Fruiting begins in the third year after planting and reaches commercial fruit in five years. The average annual output of each tree is 1500.
Because lemons are easy to bruise, wear gloves when picking them. Anyue County, ziyang, Sichuan Province is the only lemon commodity production base county in China and the hometown of lemons in China.
Eureka is the main cultivated variety, which was introduced from the United States in the 1920s. After more than 70 years of cultivation and breeding, a new strain with early fruiting, high yield and high quality has been cultivated. The quality of Anyue lemon fruit and its lemon oil is better than that of the main lemon producing countries in the world, such as the United States and Italy, as determined by China Citrus Research Institute for three consecutive years.
Won the title of national and provincial high-quality fruit for many times, and 1993 won the gold medal of Thailand high-quality fruit Expo. Anyue county began to build a lemon commodity production base from 1986. Through hard work, 18 townships have been built and 8 million lemons have been planted. In 2000, it produced 32,000 tons of lemons. At present, the annual output of fresh fruits reaches150,000 tons.
By 20 10, the planting area of Anyue lemon will reach 200,000 mu, with an annual output of more than 250,000 tons of fresh fruit. Anyue Hongyi Agricultural Development Company invested 20,000 mu to build a national standardized lemon production base. The base and fresh lemon fruit have passed the strict inspection of the national import and export inspection and quarantine department and obtained the right to operate independently.
It laid a quality foundation for Anyue lemon to go global. Lemon is gradually becoming a green pillar industry in Anyue County.
Products are exported to more than ten countries and regions such as Russia, Kazakhstan, Hong Kong, Macao and more than twenty large and medium-sized cities in China. Its output, scale and market share account for more than 70% of the country.
/kloc-in the 0/5th century, European adventurers sailed across the ocean in pursuit of spices and gold to compete for colonies. However, during the voyage, sailors are often attacked by scurvy like plague, and thousands of people are killed.
1593, more than 10000 sailors in Britain died of scurvy, and four-fifths of sailors in Spain, Portugal and other countries died of scurvy. Before and after these events, another miracle happened.
/kloc-in 0/53, some French explorers spent the winter in Canada. Among them, 1 10 people suffer from scurvy. The local Indians told them to drink water soaked in pine leaves. In desperation, the patient drank the water and was saved. From 1772 to 1775, during the three-year expedition across the Pacific Ocean, only 1 of the18 crew members died. It turned out that Captain Cook ordered the crew to eat kimchi regularly to prevent the crew from scurvy.
The research on the treatment of scurvy began in the middle of18th century with British doctor Linde. He tried fresh vegetables, fruits and medicines and conducted medical experiments on sailors suffering from scurvy. Once, when he was treating the sailors' scurvy on the British "Chuanhai V", he selected some sailors, divided them into six groups and treated them in different ways, such as different foods, medicines and physical therapy.
Unexpectedly, the patients who took the medicine did not get better. On the contrary, a group of patients who ate lemons were cured as if they had eaten "elixir" and soon recovered. More than 40 years later, the British navy adopted this method, stipulating that every sailor should drink a certain amount of lemon leaf water every day when he goes out to sea.
Only two years later, scurvy disappeared from the British navy. Therefore, the British often use the interesting nickname "Lemon Man" to call it.
8. How to eat fresh lemons [health knowledge]
Usage of fresh lemon fruit 1 Drinking fresh lemon directly: Wash fresh lemon fruit, cut it into 2mm thick slices, put it into a cup to brew cold water after removing seeds, and add appropriate amount of rock sugar to drink. 2。 Sugar-stained lemon: Wash the lemon, slice it, remove the seeds, put it into a porcelain jar or porcelain bottle with a layer of lemon and a layer of sugar according to the ratio of 1 kg of lemon slices and 2-3 kg of sugar, and drink it one week later (diabetics can use salting, the method is the same as sugar-stained, and the salt content is 25-30% of the amount of lemon) 3. Lemon is used for cooking: when cooking food with pungent smell, fresh lemon slices or lemon juice can be put into the pot before cooking to remove the fishy smell and greasy smell. 4。 Lemon fresh fruit beauty: after washing and slicing the lemon, put it in cold boiled water for 3~5 minutes, which can be used for applying face, wiping body and washing hair. Long-term use can melt the spots on the face and body, and achieve the effect of hair like an ink waterfall, face like beautiful jade, body like coagulated fat and radiant.
5。 Lemon deodorization and preservation: putting 2~3 Jin of fresh lemon fruit naked in the refrigerator or room can play a good role in removing the odor in the refrigerator or room; Slices in a pickle jar can remove white and make pickles crisp.
9. Nutritional value of lemon
Lemon has extremely high nutritional value. It is not only rich in vitamins (such as vitamin C, vitamin P, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2), but also contains many essential trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and magnesium, as well as unique lemon oil and citric acid. Lemon is a treasure. Its peel, leaves and flowers can extract essential oil, which is an important raw material for food and beauty cosmetics. Lemon embryos can be used to make preserves, jams, cakes and wines after being squeezed. Lemon juice can be made into drinks, tea and various condiments, which are fragrant and delicious. Therefore, lemon is a regular fruit on the western food table and has the reputation of "the king of western food".
Chinese medicine also has a special evaluation of lemon, which is believed to have the effects of clearing heat, sterilizing, invigorating spleen, appetizing, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Eating lemon fruit or drinking lemon juice can dissolve food, relieve alcoholism and lose weight.