First, the transfer of the moon and the earth.
At 9: 54 on June 5438+February 65438+February 2020, after waiting around the moon for about 6 days, the combination of Chang 'e V orbiter and returner made the first lunar transfer event, from a near-circular orbit to an elliptical orbit with a height of about 200 kilometers near the moon point.
On June 5438+February 65438+March 9: 051minute, the combination of Chang 'e V orbiter and returner carried out the second lunar transfer event at a distance of 230 kilometers from the lunar surface, and four 150 ox engines were ignited. After about 22 minutes, the engine turned off normally, and the combination of orbiter and returner entered the lunar transfer orbit.
At 12, 14, 10, 13 in 2020, two 25N engines on the combination of Chang 'e V orbiter and returner worked for about 28 seconds, completing the first lunar-terrestrial transfer orbit correction.
At 9 o'clock on June 65438+February 65438+June 6, 2020, two 25N engines on the combination of Chang 'e V orbiter and returner worked for about 8 seconds, completing the second orbit correction around the moon.
Second, return and return.
At around 12 and 17 in 2020, Beijing Aerospace Control Center injected navigation parameters into the combination of Chang 'e-5 orbiter and returner through the ground monitoring station, and then at 12, the orbiter and returner were unlocked and separated at a height of about 5,000 kilometers from the sea level in the South Atlantic Ocean, and the orbiter completed evasive maneuver.
At 65438+February/7, 2020 1 33, the Chang 'e V returner entered the earth's atmosphere at a high speed close to the speed of the second universe, with an altitude of about 120 km, and the first aerodynamic deceleration was implemented. After descending to a predetermined height, the returner jumped out of the atmosphere, reached the highest point and began to slide. After that, the returner re-entered the atmosphere and implemented the second pneumatic deceleration.
When descending to a height of about 10 km from the ground, the returner opens the parachute to complete the final deceleration and keep the attitude stable, and then lands smoothly in the predetermined area.
On February 7, 2020/KLOC-0 17, the Chang 'e V returner successfully landed in the scheduled area of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, and the mission was completed. At about 2: 021minute, the air search and rescue team found the Chang' e-5 returner and sent back the landing picture of the returner through the infrared pod of the helicopter. At about 2: 30, the ground search team arrived at the landing site of the Chang 'e-5 returner.
At 8: 00 on June 65438+February 17, 2020, the Chang 'e V returner was hoisted to Zhu Rihe Airport by the Mi-17V-5 helicopter of the PLA Army Air Force. Before hoisting, take heat preservation measures to prevent the remaining fuel in the return cabin from freezing.
15: 50, Chang' e-5 returner took off from Zhu Rihe airport by China People's Liberation Army Air Force Yun -9, and is expected to arrive in Beijing at 17: 30. Before transshipment, the fuel of the returner was drained in the airport building.
At about 20: 00 on June 5438+February 65438+July 2020, the Chang 'e-5 returner, which landed in the early morning of that day, returned to the Fifth Academy of Aerospace (China Academy of Space Technology) after a day of continuous transshipment. That night, the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group held a "home" welcoming ceremony for the Chang 'e V returner.
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technical innovation
Chang 'e V mainly faces four technical problems: sampling, ascent, docking and high-speed reentry. At the same time, the system design of Chang 'e V faces five major challenges.
The first is "many separation surfaces". Compared with shenzhou spaceship and Chang 'e III, it only needs to separate two parts, that is, two separation surfaces. Chang 'e V has five separation surfaces, namely, orbiter and lander assembly, lander and riser assembly, orbiter and returner assembly, orbiter and support cabin, orbiter and docking support. These parting surfaces must be "successful once".
The second is "complex mode". The detector needs to go through multiple flight stages, and also needs to complete key links such as lunar sampling, lunar takeoff and ascent, lunar orbit rendezvous and docking, sample transfer, high-speed re-entry and landing of the earth's atmosphere, and there are many design constraints. Among them, the elevator and orbiter need to dock in the lunar orbit 380 thousand kilometers away from the earth, where the rendezvous and docking can not be realized by satellite navigation, but by the detector itself.
The third is "harsh details". In order to obtain lunar soil samples, the unmanned sampler Chang 'e-5 will go deep into the interior of the moon through the sampling bit, and sample the lunar surface through the sampling manipulator, and then transfer the samples to the riser, which will be docked with the orbiter, and finally transfer the samples to the returner. The whole process must be accurate.
The fourth is "temperature control". The temperature on the surface of the moon is about 180 degrees Celsius during the day, about 150 degrees Celsius at night, and the temperature difference between day and night is about 330 degrees Celsius. In addition, the ignition of the elevator engine instantly reaches thousands of degrees Celsius. How to avoid burning elevators and landers poses a challenge to the development team.
The fifth is "slimming pressure". The carrying capacity of the launch vehicle has strict constraints on the weight of the Chang 'e-5 probe. On the one hand, we should "slim down" the subsystem as much as possible. On the other hand, due to the lack of backup products, it is necessary to ensure reliable quality.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Chang 'e No.5