Originally, I didn't plan to read Lotte's poems, but I couldn't find any other books after reading the Iliad on my mobile phone for a while, so I put the scanned pictures of his poems on my mobile phone and read them whenever I have time. This may be how I read the last five volumes.
Originally, I wanted to write more orderly, but my writing skills and academic ability were insufficient, and my writing was still very fragmentary. When reading, I made simple notes on some individual articles, which is more troublesome to sort out. Although I don't think it's valuable, I'm not willing to throw it all away. I felt helpless, but I finally cut those notes.
Lotte regards poetry as a propaganda tool. Obviously, a poem is easier to read than an article. The Preface to New Yuefu embodies this creative idea:
"In short, for the king, for the minister, for the people, for things, for things, not for the text. 」
So his focus is not on himself but on people, and his satirical poems are written for people. He wrote poetry, and he kept the meaning of poetry. Many of his satirical poems use the "comparison" technique in the six arts of poetry. However, he is worried that readers will not understand what he means and tries his best to make them understand. As a result, he explained the poem in his poem, which is reflected in the preface to New Yuefu. This will inevitably lead to the complexity of poetry. Mr. Qian Zhongshu made it very clear in Talking about Art:
"Xiangshan poetry, to make an old woman all solutions, all like an old woman poetry, to make Xiangshan all solutions; Cover makes the old woman understand, meaning is easy, while the old woman explains, saying is annoying. Easy is easy, hate is impossible. 」
He himself is aware of this problem, "A Preface to Poetry" tells his own story:
"Those who are in the examination room often share a brush and inkstone with the first step, and they need to take care of each other every time they write, but * * * suffers from too much meaning and reason. Therefore, if you are too careful, it will be complicated, and if you are too eager, you will be excited. However, writing in the first step is both strength and illness. If you step down to order, there is a saying that it is complicated. What gets along well with today's servants is the illness of the past. 」
A few years ago, reading HSBC Thorn left a deep impression on me:
"The meaning of my words, lest others don't know, so the outline. My husband won't know what I mean until I get the outline, which is why I don't let him know. The rest of the words are used in every bet. Ban Tang needs to say, "Nothing. Yu Yu said, "Nai people don't know what to do." Ban Tang said, "I have noticed, but people don't know yet. What can I do? The lyrics of parallel prose are solid and insoluble, and the so-called fog is not superior. 』」
Although there are great differences between words and poems, and their creative ideas are also different, the problem of interpreting poems by poems is still obvious.
In fact, his poems are more suitable for writing: For example, Answering Poems and Great Wu Gou also use birds as metaphors, and Liu Zihou's The Stork is a good fable. Another example is "Answering Poems and Answering Sigui Temple", and writing a rebuttal paper is even more exquisite. In short, Lotte just wrote something more suitable for writing in poetry.
Lotte will write the content of words into poems, and it is inevitable that words should be used as poems. For example, the opening of "Answering Poems and Pheasant Media":
"Yin Jun pheasant media after a sigh. How late is one of them? Today is an article. 」
This paragraph can obviously be regarded as the beginning of a reply, which is natural in letters and superfluous in poetry.
Poetry and prose have something in common, but they can't be completely reconciled. An article can be quoted and discussed repeatedly, just trying to make sense, which poetry can't do. Poetry has implicit beauty, and one of the roots of this beauty lies in the loss of literary meaning in the process of poeticization.
The first step is to spread what you want to say in the form of poetry, and the second step is to hope that the problems reflected in poetry can be solved, which has existed since the Book of Songs. Lotte tried its best to achieve the first point, but the second point was uncertain. It may have some effect, but it doesn't seem to be great. I object to his poetics, but I respect his ambition.
Although The Book of Songs can be used as a tool for education, the author of The Book of Songs and the person who used it for education are not the same person. If the text of the Book of Songs itself clearly points out the purpose of enlightenment, what is the need for all kinds of annotations of future generations? Annotations only explain the text of The Book of Songs. Even if the author of The Book of Songs really had the purpose of enlightenment, he didn't try his best to make all readers understand what he meant like Lotte.
Although Lotte reconciled the difference between poetry and prose, although Lotte used various methods to make the meaning he wanted to express clear, and he sacrificed the beauty of poetry for this, he may not have noticed that the capacity of poetry lost more than the beauty of words he didn't care about. Mr. Chen Shulu, taking his New Yuefu Salt Merchants as an example, said in the article Changes and Significance of the Concept of Farmers and Merchants in Poetry from the Middle Tang Dynasty to the Middle Ming Dynasty:
On the one hand, Bai Juyi opposed businessmen who betrayed benevolence and morality, and emphasized "getting rid of graft and eliminating profiteers", on the other hand, he advocated "four people (kings) such as scholars, peasants, workers and businessmen". 」
"He advocates adjusting the prices of money, grain, silk and goods with light and heavy policies, and adjusting the relationship among scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen, so that the interests of four people (people) will be salted, department stores will circulate, and four people will profit." 」
"However, his poetry creation is sometimes inconsistent with the idea of' emphasizing agriculture and restraining business', and even has some retrogressive phenomena. 」
At the end of the poem, it is called Sang Hongyang, which is intended to return to the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (especially the government's agricultural and commercial policies here). 」
For agricultural and commercial problems, he can put forward insightful countermeasures in strategy, but he can only expose the problems themselves in his poems. After exposing the problem, Shi was unable to write countermeasures for him. At this time, he had to move out of Sang Hongyang. In fact, he thinks it is not enough to just copy what Sang Hongyang did. Here, "Sang Hongyang" is more like a symbol, representing the countermeasures to solve agricultural and commercial problems. The focus of strategy is to solve problems, and the focus of poetry is to expose problems. He wants poetry to assume the role of an article, but the countermeasures given in poetry can only move out of a nondescript symbol. For example, more than this article, Wang Kaiyun pointed out that the last two sentences "can deceive scholars" when criticizing the "new Yuefu red line carpet". I also wrote down some unreasonable places when I read it, but it seems that there is no need to take out those contents and question them one by one, so I omitted them.
Lott is a talented poet. He doesn't pursue flowery words in his satirical poems, but sometimes he unconsciously poeticizes what he writes, such as The Flood:
"The sea is boundless, boundless and even empty. 」
Originally, he wrote a poem about the flood, but these two sentences give people a sense of beauty. In other words, he unconsciously wrote it in an appreciative style. Of course, this is not a lot. The other part of the poem "The Flood" is about water:
"Yan Lu is semi-floating, and the city has fallen more. 」
"The wind blows through Bai Bo, and the red waves are boiling every day. 」
These parts have faded away from the aesthetic feeling of appreciation and have a sense of flooding.
Apart from the unconscious poetic content mentioned above, he doesn't exclude all things he doesn't like, and his aesthetics are not bound by moral values, which is also the embodiment of him as a poet. Such as "Five-string Opera of New Yuefu":
"One or two strings, the autumn wind blows away, and the rhyme falls.
Three or four strings ring, and the night crane records the sound in the cage.
The fifth chord is the most depressing, and the water in Gansu is too cold to swallow.
Five strings are played in parallel for your audition, which is sad and sad.
Strike the coral once or twice, and pour the jade plate with ice.
Iron kills, ice scares.
The sound of killing hurts the skin, the blood, and the cold makes people ache all over.
At the end of the song, I want to spend half a day, and I sit silently. 」
This piece of music description is very poetic. If the following article hadn't pointed out that the theme was "Evil is better than elegance", it would almost become a famous music writing. This description weakens the nature of irony to some extent, which is not only the requirement of poetic beauty, but also the embodiment of his poet character (not moralist character).
Another example is the concubine of Xinle Yuefu Cemetery:
"Songmen to Xiao Yuelei back, Baicheng bleak wind all day long.
Songmen Baicheng claustrophobic, smell cicadas and listen to swallows.
Seeing the tears of chrysanthemum, I put my hand on the pear flower.
No one has seen the flowers, and the moss wall surrounds the moss courtyard. 」
New Yuefu Shang Yang white-haired man:
"The autumn night is long, and the night is sleepless.
The shadow on the wall after the lamp still lingers, and the rustle of dark rain hitting the window.
It's late spring, so it's hard to sit alone at night.
Gong Ying is full of anxiety and disgust, and Liang Yan is always jealous.
The warbler's cry goes to Yan quietly, and the spring goes without remembering the year.
Just look at the deep palace and the bright moon, and the object is round four or five hundred times. 」
These parts are excellent poems describing palace grievances. Although writing this theme is more or less sympathetic, it is more beautiful than other sympathetic themes. Lotte has not eliminated this aesthetic here.
The reason why tragedy is a tragedy lies in its alienation from the real world, so it can be appreciated. Lotte's satirical poems focus on eliminating this gap, ignoring the value of appreciation and putting the tragic reality that people escape in front of people. And the above, more or less increased this gap.
It is also a representative work of the New Yuefu Movement, which is much better than Qin Zhongyin, and its advantages in singing can be seen. Songs pay attention to natural rhyme, and Lotte is obviously a good player in this respect.
His talent can only be seen if all aspects of the world are written into his poems. Although I don't like Qin Zhongyin's poems and New Yuefu's poems, he wrote all the things he wanted to write in these poems, and he must have made great efforts in wording, sentence formation and structural arrangement. These efforts will not be reduced because the words are simple. Being able to cover everything in poetry is an undeniable gift. As a poem, it is not easy to write a poem that reflects the current situation, such as Yan Shi Xiu Liu Sao.
Some of Lotte's satirical poems have changed in later generations, and "The Silver Bottle at the Bottom of the Well" is its representative:
"The bottom of the well leads to the silver bottle, and the silver bottle wants to be on the wire rope.
The hairpin made of jade is placed on the stone, and the jade hairpin grinds around but breaks from the middle.
I know what to do if my concubine leaves you. 」
"Sinking a bottle and breaking a hairpin" is often used as the image of men and women leaving in Song poetry, and its original intention is to "stop prostitution and run away". Later poets paid more attention to his works themselves than to his satirical content. Although it is not his original intention, it is indeed the embodiment of his talent.
Some of his satirical poems are quite reasonable and interesting, such as satirical poems (jumping two mysterious birds) and asking friends. This kind of poem needs readers to taste and chew, which has poetic meaning and is closer to poetry than works like haunted houses. But in the final analysis, poetry is not the best.
Lotte's Ten Continued Ancient Poems is unique among the four volumes of satirical poems. In particular, the song "Don't leave the village with tears" is the best, quite ancient and swaying, which can be described as a four-volume scroll.
Although all four poems are contained in allegories, the works after exile in Jiangzhou, such as "Let the Fish", are different from the previous works, and this poem is closer to "inward" than the previous "outward". Is also a satire, including "new cloth qiu":
"Your husband, not a person.
Andrew Wan Li Qiu, wrapped in the surrounding forest.
Steady and warm as me, there is no cold person in the world. 」
There is also "reading history (disaster is like silk)":
"Why don't you swim out from the inside, detached from the net? 」
"Poor is immune, rich is helpful. The content of these satirical poems is closer to chanting, but it is still different from criticizing the shortcomings of the present.
Mr. Wang Shumin's Zhong Rong Shi Hua mentioned that Hugh Lian's poems should be the first of its kind, and Mr. Song's Three Tang Poems also pointed out that Lotte's poems originated from Hugh Lian's poems. Only Hundred Poems (Don't be dirty) recorded in the 21st volume of Selected Works is completely preserved by Hugh Lian's poems, and there are more than ten works that are broken sentences, so it is impossible to judge whether the manuscript is finished (for example, Hundred Poems (the life of Sang Yu) recorded in the 24th volume of Yi Wen Lei Ju). Although Hugh Lian's poems are scattered in many places, we can really see the connection with Lotte's poems from the existing words.
Although the poem selected by Hugh Lian in Selected Works is very similar to Lotte's satire, its style of writing is ancient, and it is precisely because of its own kung fu that Hugh Lian can enter the China product of poetry. Ancient Chinese characters do not mean difficult to understand, but the popularity pursued by Lotte is definitely difficult to understand. At least, Lotte's poems are not as good as Hugh Lian's, because they are difficult to explain themselves.
Hugh Lian's other poems, such as Hundred Poems Fu (born in Sang Yu), are quite similar in meaning to Fu for the Past and Fu Liang for New Music, and Fu for Hundred Poems (Luo Shui Ban) has the meaning of Fu Kunming Pool for New Music. I won't list them one by one.
In a word, I only care about his satirical poems. But when he wrote satirical poems, he did not consider these problems at all, and his emphasis was completely different.
20 16-02-09