However, in order to obtain effective treatment and health care effects, we must master certain massage techniques and operating essentials in advance. Besides. It is necessary to grasp the indications and contraindications of massage to ensure the safety of treatment.
Tuina manipulation Tuina manipulation is commonly used in hand massage.
Using the tip of the thumb or the tip of the finger to apply force to a certain part of the opponent and push it straight in one direction, which is the direct push method; If you use your thumb to push from the midpoint of a straight point to both sides, it is called pushing method; If the thumb tips or threaded surfaces of two hands are used to push the closure of a linear cavity from both ends to the middle, it is called joint pushing method, also known as "method" and "harmony".
This manipulation is suitable for all linear acupoints on the hand. When operating, use a proper amount of massage medium, keep your fingers close to the body surface, exert a steady force, and the speed should be slow and even.
Pressing according to law refers to pressing the acupoints or pathological reflex areas of the hand with the fingertips or lines of the thumb, gradually pressing hard from light to heavy, so that the stimulation fully reaches the deep layer of muscle tissue, producing feelings such as acid, numbness, heaviness, swelling and channeling, lasting for several seconds, gradually relaxing, and so on.
Massage is suitable for all acupoints of the hand and is often used in conjunction with kneading. When operating, don't push too hard, don't slide, and keep pushing. When the stimulation needs to be strengthened, the thumb of both hands can be overlapped to operate. For the elderly, weak or younger patients, the force should be appropriate.
Acupoint method refers to applying force to the acupoints or pathological reflex areas of the hand with the fingertips of the thumb or the phalanges of the fingers, and gradually exerting force, from light to heavy, so that the stimulation can fully reach the deep layer of muscle tissue, producing feelings such as acid, numbness, heaviness, swelling and channeling, lasting for several seconds, gradually relaxing, and so on.
Acupoint method is suitable for all acupoints in the hand and is often used in combination with pressing method. Acupoint method has smaller contact area, stronger strength and greater stimulation than regular method. For the elderly, weak or younger patients, the force should be appropriate. When operating, don't push too hard, don't slide, and keep pushing.
Tapping your hand with the tip of your middle finger is called tapping.
Tapping method is suitable for the narrow part of hand reflex zone. When operating, the force should be light and heavy, not sudden, the action should be fast and short, and the body surface should be slapped vertically, with even speed and a sense of rhythm.
Pinching refers to injecting strength into the end of thumb and pinching acupoints again with thumb nails.
In hand massage, pinching is the strongest stimulus, which is mostly used in emergencies and serious diseases. Accurately select acupoints before pinching. In order to avoid puncturing the skin, cover the re-pinched part with a thin cloth, and gently rub it after pinching to relieve the pain.
Kneading is a common method of hand massage. Shiatsu is to fix the thumb line on a certain point or part of the hand, relax the wrist, take the elbow as the fulcrum, and actively swing the forearm to drive the wrist and palm fingers to do a gentle swing.
Finger kneading is often combined with pressing, which is suitable for all acupoints on the hand. When operating, the pressure should be gentle, the movements should be coordinated and rhythmic, and the duration should be longer.
Twisting is to pinch a part with the line surface of thumb and forefinger, and the action of rubbing between two fingers is called twisting.
Twisting is mainly used for the small joints of hands and fingers, and is often used in combination with pinching and pushing. When operating, the action should be flexible and fast, and the force should not be dull.
The shaking method makes the knuckles and wrists of the hand do passive and uniform circular shaking, which is called shaking method.
The shaking method usually requires two hands to cooperate, one hand is fixed and the other hand is operated.
The shaking method is mainly suitable for the fingers and wrist joints of the hand. When operating, the action should be moderate and the force should be steady. The shaking direction and amplitude should be within the physiological allowable range, from small to large, to avoid sudden one-way force and prevent joint injury.
Stretching method is called stretching method, which uses two hands to separate one end of each hand corresponding to the joint and make stretching and traction actions in the opposite direction.
Stretching is suitable for local diseases of finger joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, wrist joints and hand joints. When operating, you should operate along the longitudinal axis of the joint connection, and your hands should exert moderate force. You can't pull or transfer the force. The movements should be harmonious and lasting, and the speed should be even, so as not to damage the joints or ligaments.
Moxibustion means moxibustion, in which the palm surface or threaded surface of the index finger, middle finger and fingerless finger is attached to a certain part of the hand, and the wrist joint is the center, and rhythmic circular motion is performed together with the palm fingers.
Moxibustion is suitable for relatively open parts of the hand. When operating, the elbow bends naturally, the wrist relaxes, the fingers straighten naturally, and the movements should be gentle, coordinated, rapid and lasting.
In the actual operation of hand massage, if the operator simply massages with his fingers without professional training, his fingers will soon be tired and weak, and the massage strength will not be achieved, which will affect the massage effect. So it is best to configure some massage tools. The most common and practical massage tool is a massage stick.
When making massage sticks, it is advisable to choose hard wooden sticks with appropriate length and thickness. The diameter of the big head is about 1.5 cm, and that of the small head is about 0.5 cm. Both ends are ground into spheres and polished with fine sandpaper for use.
If you don't have a suitable wooden stick at the moment, you can choose a smooth and suitable daily necessities instead, such as pens and ballpoint pens, as long as it is convenient to take.
Key points of operation The stimulation information generated in the process of massage reaches the lesion site through certain channels, thus achieving certain therapeutic effect. The generation of stimulation information is related to the work on the massage part. If the workload is not enough and the amount of information is not much, the due therapeutic effect will not be achieved. Excessive workload and information will cause acupoint fatigue, weaken the ability of acupoint to receive stimulation information and reduce the therapeutic effect. Therefore, massage should be carried out regularly, quantitatively, regularly and rhythmically, instead of repeatedly massaging endlessly.
Massage time When doing hand massage, you must master the massage time. Because the feeling of acupoints must be introduced into the brain and produce some reaction changes in order to achieve a certain therapeutic effect. Massage time is too long, which will lead to the fatigue of information input system and information integration adjustment system and reduce the curative effect.
Generally speaking, the pressing time of each zone is 1 ~ 2 minutes, but it is not absolutely constant. The action time of each reflex zone varies from person to person, from reflex zone to reflex zone, and it should be determined according to the specific conditions such as illness and patient's physique.
For example, chronic diseases, incurable diseases, massage time is longer; For patients with acute diseases and simple causes, the massage time can be shorter; Pressing key points for a long time; For patients with severe heart disease, the time is shorter; Only when the patient's renal function is good can the liver reflex zone be massaged for a long time, otherwise it is not conducive to the excretion of toxic substances in the body.
Massage 1 ~ 2 times a day. If you can massage at the same time every day for a long time, the effect will be better. Usually 10 is 1 course, and the interval between courses can be several days, or the next course can be continued. After the disease is basically cured by massage, it should be persisted for a period of time to consolidate the curative effect and reduce the recurrence.
Massage strength Hand massage should have a certain strength, which generally requires lasting strength, uniformity and softness, and strive to be thorough.
Persistence means that the technology can be used continuously for a certain period of time as needed; Powerful means that the manipulation must have a certain intensity, which increases or decreases according to different symptoms and different parts; Uniformity means that the technique should be rhythmic, neither fast nor slow, neither light nor heavy; Softness means that the technique should be light but not floating, heavy but not stagnant, the force should not be rough or brute, and the transformation action should be natural.
Generally speaking, the intensity of massage is lighter for the elderly, weak women and children with hard joints and delicate skin, and slightly heavier for the strong and young.
However, it should also be noted that a few people are particularly sensitive to pain or have poor tolerance. Therefore, we should consider what may happen during the operation and always pay attention to the changes of the patient's expression. If the patient appears pale or unbearable, he should stop the massage immediately.
When you massage, the intensity can't be the same, but the size is different. Because, after the feeling of hand acupoints is introduced into the brain, if there is a reaction change, it will produce better results. Always an intensity, the sensitivity of the brain will be reduced, leading to a decline in curative effect.
In short, when massaging hands, the intensity should be light before heavy, and gradually increase the intensity and time until the massaged person can accept the maximum.
Massage rhythm Massage rhythm refers to the frequency of pressing the reflex zone, which depends on the specific situation. Generally speaking, patients with physical weakness have a slow pace; Real people, the pace should be fast. The rhythm of men is faster than that of women, and the rhythm of the elderly is slower than that of young adults.
The direction of massage and the direction of sequential hand massage should be determined according to the nature of the disease. Generally speaking, the massage direction running along the meridians and qi and blood is tonic, and the massage direction running against the meridians is diarrhea. Or centripetal massage is supplemented, and centrifugal massage is diarrhea. However, we should master and use it flexibly according to the specific situation, not rigidly.
In massage therapy, massage the main point and the reflection area first, and then massage the matching point and the secondary point or the reflection area. Kidney, ureter and bladder are the main excretory organs of human body and are the key massage parts. Regardless of treatment or health care, these reflex zones should be massaged at the beginning and end of massage. The order of massage is not immutable, so we should master it flexibly according to the specific situation in treatment.
Commonly used massage cream can protect the hands of the performer and the patient and play a role in lubrication. Moreover, choosing appropriate ointment can also enhance the therapeutic effect. In order to maintain the strength of massage, don't apply too much at a time. Commonly used massage creams are as follows:
Massage milk can be used under any circumstances. Has the effects of lubricating skin, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Holly ointment is made of holly oil (methyl salicylate) and vaseline in the ratio of 1:5. It has the effects of relieving swelling and pain, expelling wind and dispelling cold, and is suitable for traumatic injury, old injury and cold pain syndrome.
Talcum powder, medical talcum powder or commercial talcum powder has the function of lubrication and dehumidification, and is suitable for summer massage, especially for infants and those with delicate skin.
Mint water: put fresh mint leaves into appropriate amount of boiling water, cover and soak. After they are naturally cooled, the residue is removed and the juice is obtained. It has the effects of dispelling summer heat, cooling and relieving exterior syndrome, and is suitable for summer massage and various fevers.
Sesame oil can also be replaced by other vegetable oils. It has the effects of enriching blood, expelling pathogenic wind and clearing away heat, and is suitable for infants and the weak after a long illness.
Egg white: Knock a small hole at one end of the egg (duck egg or goose egg), then hang it on the container and take the oozing egg white for later use. It has the functions of relieving stagnation, vexation and heat. It is suitable for belching, acid swallowing, irritability and insomnia, heat and late chronic diseases.
In addition, patients with hand skin diseases can choose targeted drugs. For example, 2% miconazole cream, bifonazole cream or clotrimazole cream can be used for tinea manus, and 2% urea cream can be used for chapped hands.
Indications and contraindications Each therapy has a certain scope of application, and hand massage is no exception.
Indications: Massage and health care in hand reflex area has a wide range of indications, especially for some pain syndromes, functional diseases and intractable diseases of motor nervous system, and it has unexpected curative effects. Generally reflected in the following aspects:
■ Neurosis and all neuralgia.
■ Chronic gastrointestinal diseases, anorexia in children and dyspepsia in children.
■ All allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatitis.
■ Various inflammations, such as upper respiratory tract infection and asthmatic bronchitis.
In a word, hand massage is of great significance to the regulation of physiological functions and has obvious curative effect on all functional diseases. It also has a certain therapeutic effect on organic diseases, but it should not be used alone. Hand massage can be used as an adjuvant therapy.
Contraindications Although hand massage has a wide range of treatment, good curative effect and no side effects, it still has its limitations and is not applicable to some symptoms, so it should be treated with caution.
Some surgical diseases: such as acute peritonitis, intestinal perforation, acute appendicitis, fracture, joint dislocation, etc.
■ All acute infectious diseases: such as typhoid, cholera, meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS, etc.
■ Acute poisoning: such as food poisoning, gas poisoning, drug poisoning, alcoholism, poisonous snake bite, rabies bite, etc.
■ Acute high fever symptoms: such as sepsis.
■ All serious hemorrhagic diseases: such as cerebral hemorrhage, gastric bleeding, uterine bleeding, visceral bleeding, etc.
■ Some serious diseases: acute myocardial infarction, severe renal failure, heart failure, etc.
■ Women's menstrual period and pregnancy.
■ Episode of mental patients.
■ The skin of one hand is ulcerated.
Most of the above situations indicate that the condition is critical, urgent and changing rapidly, and the rescue opportunity cannot be delayed. Moreover, at this time, the patient is too weak to bear the painful stimulation of massage, so as not to cause adverse consequences.
For the above contraindications, comprehensive treatment measures such as drugs and surgery should be taken in time. After the illness tends to be stable or relieved, hand massage should be used as an auxiliary means of conditioning treatment during the recovery period.
Precautions ■ Clean hands and trim nails before treatment.
■ Have a rest before massage.
■ Hand massage is not suitable after bathing, overeating and satiating 1 hour, or after fatigue.
■ If some reactions occur during the treatment, they should be handled in time. Within half an hour after treatment, it is necessary to drink more than 300 ~ 500ml of warm boiled water, and it is not suitable for patients with severe kidney disease, heart failure and edema to drink more than 150ml.
■ When treating sprains of waist, neck, all joints and soft tissues, patients should be instructed to exercise while performing manual therapy.
■ Self-masseurs should pay attention to step by step and strictly abide by the operation requirements.
■ Patients with severe symptoms should be treated with drugs and other therapies, supplemented by manual massage.
■ Skill should be skillful, endurance should be durable, operation should be soft, and force should be deep. For people with different constitutions, we should pay attention to adjusting the intensity of stimulation.
■ One-handed massage requires perseverance and perseverance.