Teaching design of hui nationality's medicated diet and diet health preservation.
Abstract: This study takes Ningxia Medical University as an elective course. Hui nationality medicated diet and diet health? Taking it as an example, this paper discusses its teaching design strategy, aiming at cultivating college students' autonomous learning ability and exploration spirit.
Keywords: elective courses; Medicinal Diet and Dietary Health Care of Hui Nationality: Teaching Design
Hui nationality is a nation that pays attention to health. According to the third and fourth national censuses, the Hui people account for the vast majority of centenarians in Ningxia [1]. Good eating habits are an important factor that cannot be ignored when investigating longevity factors. The diet life of Hui nationality contains rich philosophy of health preservation, and food and therapy are closely related. Feed the disease with food, replace medicine with food, and medicine and food are homologous? , is the treasure of health education in China. Dietotherapy is an important method to prevent and treat diseases in the works of returning doctors in past dynasties. It is not only an important part of medical treatment, the main carrier of Hui culture, but also an important part of the concept of healthy eating. This project is dedicated to developing elective courses for college students from the perspective of life? Hui nationality medicated diet and diet health? , adoption? Explore with your own body? The new teaching method guides medical students to understand the rich connotation of Hui food culture, and this course is an important content of humanistic quality education in schools, which is of great significance.
First, the integration of teaching content
(A) a reasonable design of the content system
Because there is no fixed textbook for this course, the teaching content is selected by the project members according to the actual situation of the school, and the sorted teaching content is classified with reference to the chapter design of Diet and Health Care of Traditional Chinese Medicine (published by People's Health Publishing House and edited by Nicklaus). This course is divided into four parts:? First, the Hui people's diet health concept? 、? 2. Classification, properties, functions and modern research of commonly used ingredients and medicinal materials? 、? 3. What are the types, functions, production methods and modern nutritional analysis of Hui medicinal diet and folk dietotherapy remedies? 、? Fourth, common diseases diet care methods? . The third and fourth parts are the practical application of knowledge, and the specific application of medicated diet is taught with actual cases as the main line. The purpose is to enable students to integrate what they have learned before and organically combine theory with clinical practice through the study of this chapter.
(B) innovative style design
The content of each chapter is guided by examples or phenomena, or folk proverbs, asking questions and then leading to the main content. ? Words? First, it is explained by the theory of returning medicine to medicine, which should be well-founded and have a clear source of literature; Relevant contents are demonstrated by traditional Chinese medicine and modern nutrition. This section should be based on? Is that enough? For the principle, highlight practicality, and pay attention to cultivating students' ability to expand their thinking. Attention should be paid to the depth of knowledge when compiling, and the breadth of knowledge should not be pursued unilaterally. ? Examples of food? Part should be closely related to the content of the text, and the listed recipes should be operable and significant in the selection of ingredients, the use of seasonings and cooking methods. Hui nationality? 、? Halal? Features. ? Knowledge link? Part of it is a supplement to the above contents, which is relatively independent and can be inserted in any place where knowledge needs to be supplemented.
This part should include Hui culture, living habits, health proverbs, religious beliefs, fasting customs and other related knowledge. Let students be influenced by Hui culture in a subtle way and promote cultural exchanges between ethnic groups. This is the humanistic quality education for medical students in minority areas. Features? This course is interesting and enlightening, which makes this course more life-oriented and cultural. ? Thinking about problems? Instead of asking questions about key knowledge, we should pay more attention to cultivating students' ability to solve problems by using what they have learned. Question setting should focus on cultivating students? Divergent thinking? And then what? Draw inferences from others? Ability for the purpose, in line with real life.
Second, pay attention to the comprehensive application of various teaching methods.
For teaching? Class discussion? Mainly? Problem oriented? , pursue? Do it yourself, do it yourself? . Teachers only explain key theoretical knowledge, but for general and easy-to-understand content, they use? Class discussion? In order to encourage students to understand the Hui people's food culture from their own point of view, to think about the exquisite selection of raw materials and processing technology and the hidden health concept, and so on? ; Class discussion? It also includes life phenomenon discussion, medicinal diet analysis discussion, disease dietotherapy discussion and other special discussions. The specific method is to discuss in groups, put forward different opinions first, correct incorrect understanding after collective discussion, and analyze the reasons. Finally, the group leader took turns to discuss. Report? Submit a written summary in tabular form. This course aims to enable students to increase their knowledge in mutual discussion, cultivate their exploration and critical spirit, and analyze and solve problems. The content of video teaching is mostly the material provided by public media or professional websites, covering all aspects of cooking and health preservation of Anhui cuisine, which makes this course really meaningful? Full of color, smell and taste? Public courses and cultural courses can enhance students' sensory understanding, enrich classroom activities, and stimulate students' yearning for a better life and enthusiasm for active hands-on.
Third, the comprehensive evaluation of the implementation results.
Will students' performance and writing in class be discussed? Report? Included in the scope of this course, accounting for 30% of the performance assessment. ? Test paper? It mainly examines students' mastery and application of basic teaching knowledge, as well as their ability to use medicinal diet prescriptions and analyze prescriptions, accounting for 30% of the performance assessment. ? Practical research? In the course, students are required to take advantage of their holidays to go deep into life, investigate and analyze the eating habits and common foods of people around them, so as to cultivate students? Based on reality? Combine theory with practice, and theory guides practice? Ability and problem-solving ability, accounting for 15% of performance appraisal. Are you online? In the process of practical ability, students are required to use what they have learned to analyze the physical characteristics of themselves and their families or their susceptibility to certain diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes, acne, etc. ); According to the analysis results, self-made or self-selected medicated diet is operated at home, and the operation process is submitted in the form of video or pictures, the efficacy of medicated diet is orally expounded, the actual efficacy, taking time and using experience of medicated diet are truthfully recorded, and the students' ability is comprehensively evaluated. The results are included in the assessment content of this course, accounting for 25% of the performance assessment. This is also the characteristic and innovation of this course in performance evaluation.
Fourth, comprehensively inspect the teaching effect.
This course is a practical subject based on theory. That's enough. Can you use it? To this end, simplify the teaching content and always run through it? Take the application as the main line? Therefore, applying what students have learned is an important aspect of teaching effect. Design a questionnaire to investigate students' satisfaction with this course, existing problems and suggestions for improvement, so as to evaluate the rationality and irrationality of teaching content, curriculum design, teaching methods and performance assessment methods. In addition, students' attendance rate can directly reflect students' interest in this course, and it is the most direct and simple weather vane to evaluate the teaching effect.
I think the teaching content is novel, practical, flexible, close to life and entertaining, which will greatly improve students' learning enthusiasm and ensure attendance. Active classroom atmosphere, good interaction between teachers and students, and the number of questions asked by students during recess can all reflect students' love for this course. Therefore, it should be included in the evaluation scope of teaching effect. This course is taught in small classes, with about 50 students in each class.
From the students' sign-in form, classroom interaction, group discussion and questionnaires submitted, students showed a strong thirst for knowledge and the ability of autonomous learning, and the classroom atmosphere was warm and relaxed, which deepened their understanding of Hui food culture and enabled them to identify with it? Food and nutritious food? Can urge students to establish good eating habits. ? Explore with your own body? The new teaching method cultivates students' ability of analysis and judgment, so that students initially have the consciousness and spirit to dare to question and critically accept knowledge. ? Explore with your own body? Our teaching method is the first educational concept put forward in this project, and its core is to cultivate students' practical ability and have a preliminary critical spirit.
Modern society is an era of knowledge explosion. Faced with massive information, individuals' cognitive ability is getting smaller and smaller. How to grasp the correct direction in the ocean of information? Abandon its dross and take its essence? , must have the basic ability of analysis and judgment. Has this project been established? Hui nationality medicated diet and diet health? Its contents are taken from ancient and modern books of the Hui nationality, such as Hui Prescription, Diet, Hui Muslim Diet Culture, Eight Diagnoses of Tang Bottle, etc. , as well as Hui folk customs, eating habits, cooking habits, Islamic scriptures and other popular content. Therefore, when teaching this course to students, teachers should first ensure the authenticity and scientificity of the contents taught, criticize some contents that are out of date and do not conform to modern nutrition, and carry forward the food culture that is really beneficial to health; Teachers have a greater responsibility to help and guide college students to establish a sense of critically accepting knowledge, use their own professional knowledge for analysis and judgment, and cultivate students' critical spirit. The so-called critical spirit refers to thinking and questioning the established theory or doctrine, and having its own unique, scientific and reasonable opinions and judgments. It is a scientific and correct critical attitude based on exploring problems, which is completely different from simple denial and abandonment [2].
The author believes that critical spirit is an important prerequisite for innovative thinking and an important content of quality education for college students. This course integrates quality education into the classroom and benefits students a lot. So this course? Explore with your own body? This new teaching method provides a feasible way for quality education in colleges and universities. As the largest proportion of Hui population in Ningxia, medical students of Ningxia Medical University can get more exposure to and be familiar with Anhui cuisine in their daily life. Students can often make a preliminary evaluation of their daily diet according to their personal experience, so as to consciously form good eating habits, which is the practical significance of this course. In the long run, this course is also an important part of national cultural exchange, and it is a window for Han students to understand Hui culture, promote national integration and create a harmonious cultural atmosphere.
References:
[1] D. Talking about health and longevity from the dietary customs of Hui nationality [J]. Muslims in China, 200 1, (6).
[2] Jiang Duyun, Jiang Guifang. On the cultivation of college students' critical and self-critical spirit [J]. Educational Exploration, 20 14, (2).
Discussion on sleep and TCM health preservation in model essay 2 of TCM health preservation paper
Since ancient times, many health experts believe that sleep is closely related to health preservation. Good sleep depends on many factors, such as sleep time and time limit, sleep environment, sleep posture, sleep mode, etc., and predecessors have accumulated a lot of experience for future generations in these aspects, which deserves our attention and reference.
Keywords sleep; Health maintenance
Sleep is generally considered to be a state in which sensory activities and motor activities are temporarily stopped due to internal needs of the body, and it can be awakened immediately by giving appropriate stimulation. A good sleep is a process of generating and storing energy, just like a car needs to enter a gas station to refuel after driving for a period of time. Good sleep can repair our tired cells, generate new energy and create stronger immunity.
1 Sleep time and time limit
1. 1 Time: Were ancient China people gradually formed through long-term life practice? Do it at sunrise and rest at sunset? According to the view that heaven and man correspond, the daily life time of the four seasons is discussed accordingly. For example, "Su Wen? Four Qi Tunes the Great Spirit Theory:? Lie and get up early in March in spring, lie and get up early in Xia San on a moonlit night, and lie and get up early in March in autumn, having fun with chickens. Lying early in winter and getting up late in March, waiting for the sun? . Ming? Xie Zhao's Five Miscellanies Volume 13? One said:? When you can't read too much, when you cover people up, your blood will return to your heart. If you can't sleep, your blood will run out and you will get sick. ? Kim? Ge Hong is embracing Pu Zi? Extreme words also say:? When you can't sleep, it hurts. ?
Time limit 1.2: Wu Qingzhong thinks that the best time for human hematopoiesis is after dark in the afternoon to midnight, and it must be in a deep sleep state. A person must sleep for at least 8 hours before midnight. [ 1]
Cao Tingdong, a famous health care scientist and writer in Qing Dynasty, wrote "Old and unchanging words? Lying in broad daylight: Every day from noon to noon, the yang gradually disappears, and less interest is needed to nourish the yang. When the yang is getting longer and longer, you will sleep and you will nourish yin? . "Uncle Ling? Chaos theory also says:? Yang exhaustion leads to lying down, while Yin exhaustion leads to lying down. . In traditional Chinese medicine, sleep is actually a phenomenon of alternating yin and yang in the human body. Noon and noon are alternating yin and yang, which is also the menstruation of the body? Yin? With what? Heyang? When you sleep well, it is good for nourishing yin and yang.
From this perspective, sleep pays more attention to quality and effect, that is, the recovery of spirit and physical strength is the standard. The ancients said:? In a place with plenty of sleep, it is conducive to calm down. If you sleep more, your body will be weak and your ambition will be weak. ? [2]
2 Sleep environment
Ming? Gao Lian's monograph "Eight Notes on Respect for Life" said in the first volume "Is it safe to live?"? The room where you sleep is called comfort zone, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. If you feel sleepy, you lie down. ? A third of your life is here? Comfortable nest? We should pay attention to its beautification. "Qian Jinfang? Get ready for a thousand dollars. Volume 27 Raising gender? The second day of Taoist practice: Living in a gorgeous place is the source of evil, which makes people insatiable and speechless, but it is better to keep it elegant and clean, and NO FENG フウカ is neither rainy nor hot nor wet. ?
Ge Wen, a health care expert in Song Dynasty, said in Trivial Records:? Don't lie in the wind, for fear of head wind, leeward cough, shoulder wind and arm pain. People who are good at adjusting their postures do not sit in the wind despite the scorching summer? . Wind is the longest of all diseases, and it is the easiest to invade the human body and cause diseases, such as headache, deafness, facial paralysis, rash addiction, cold pain in the shoulder and back, etc. Therefore, when lying down, the wind is strong, so you should avoid it urgently, especially for the elderly who are weak. The obscene record also said:? Don't lie near the fire, lest you hurt your brain. ? If you put something like a stove next to the bedding, it will cause long-term anger and hinder sleep. Moreover, because it is close to the fire, the temperature may be too high, and it is easy to lift the quilt after falling asleep, but it is easy to catch cold.
Northern Song Dynasty? Zhang Junfang's Taoist classic "Seven Signs of the Cloud" says: Sleeping at night is very annoying. ? Southern Song Dynasty? Zhen Xiude's Song of Born in Zhen Xishan also said:? Quiet sleep, quiet sleep, God Ru Yan. ? Chinese medicine also has it? God sleeps? Theory, turn off the lights when you go to bed, you will be dizzy and keep your house. Sunshine is the essence of yang, so during the day, people's yang is enhanced and in an advantage, and physiological activities in the body are also in a state of rising, so they are awake and difficult to sleep. If you lie down and light a lamp at night, although the light is not as pure as sunlight, it is also the source of yang heat, which can disturb the yang in the body and make the human body unable to sleep. [3] This was written by Li Pengfei, a person from the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, in the book "The Three-Yuan Counselor's Life Extension Book"? Lying in a candle, restless? . In addition, Tao Hongjing, a famous doctor in Qi and Liang Dynasties, also said in the Record of Longevity. Don't put a light on your head, which will upset the Six Gods. ?
3 Sleep posture
In Yi Xi Shuiji, it is advocated to bend your right foot and your right arm, hold your head with your hands, stretch out your left foot, and put your hands between your thighs when lying on your right side. [4] What does Buddhism call this formula? Auspicious nest . "Taoist collection? Mixed jing yuan:? Sleep on your back for fear of losing sperm, so you should lean on your side. ? Ten books on the truth of Tao Jing? Health song "Cloud:? Is it comfortable to lie down? What is that? Sleeping late, stretching, never getting tired of watching. ? Confucius also said in the Analects of Confucius:? Sleep or not? . "A $ one thousand party? Nourish Daolin raises nature:? Lying on your side with your knees bent is beneficial to human strength, better than lying down. ? "Old old words? An mian also pointed out:? I want to lie down for a while after dinner. Should I relax my temper to the right? .
As can be seen from the above, ancient people thought that sleeping on one's side was better than any other sleeping position. Modern research has also proved that lying on the right side is beneficial to the transportation and absorption of heart function and digestive system. Because the high position of the heart is beneficial to the blood discharge of the heart and reduces its burden; The liver is located at the lowest part of the right side, which can get more blood supply; The opening of the stomach to the duodenum and the opening of the small intestine to the large intestine are all to the right, so the right lateral position is beneficial to the movement of food in the gastrointestinal tract. [5]
4 sleep mode
The mind is the master of sleep. Quiet wakes you up, while moving wakes you up. Great anger, exultation and deep thought lead to disharmony between yin and yang, making it difficult to sleep. Sitting in front of the stove by Li Qunyu in the Tang Dynasty: A lonely lamp can't sleep, and the wind and rain are full of Xilin. How much do you care about? Books are gray until late at night. ? This reflects the author's mode of sleeping because of thinking.
The ancients believed that when sleeping, the mind is in the eyes, when sleeping, the mind is in the heart, and when you are calm and have no desire, you can fall asleep, and it is often difficult to fall asleep because of irritability and distractions. [6] The ancients also introduced the method of sleeping in detail. In the early Warring States period, it was recorded in the Southern Classics written by Zhuangzi that there was something in sleeping. Manipulation? The second method:? Fuck, such as thinking about the top of your head, breathing silently, returning to your abdomen, etc. , make the heart write, but don't hurry, you can be sleepy; Even let its mind wander in the area without skin, and gradually enter the hazy realm. The most taboo, the more you want to sleep, the harder it is to sleep. When you wake up and fall asleep, it gradually exceeds your imagination, but if you forget your sleep, your mind will go to sleep. ?
To sum up, we can sleep as well as possible according to our own situation and objective conditions, so that our bodies are full of vitality for two-thirds of the time outside of sleep.
refer to
Wu Qingzhong. Manual for human use [M], Guangzhou: Huacheng Press, 2006: 1.
[2] Pu Zhao-he. Sleep regimen advocated by the ancients. Health care hospital [J].37
[3] Zhao Yingchu, Teng Jing. The embodiment of Taoist sleep health preservation in TCM health preservation. Journal of traditional chinese medicine [J] .2009-9.27 (9):1941
[4] Ming Dow Tibetan [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Press, 1988: 478.
[5] Jason Wu. Song Yongmei. Sleep health should also pay attention to time, place and people. Journal of Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine [J]. 20 10-4.22(2):47
[6] Song Zhiyun, Dong Guilan. Ancient sleep regimen. Anhui Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [J]. 1995.7( 1):62
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