What medicine does Singapore generally use to treat epilepsy?

Disease analysis:

There is no particularly effective method for this disease.

Guiding opinions:

You can only insist on taking medicine, don't stop taking medicine casually, and don't change medicine casually. You should overdo it slowly.

Life care:

Pay more attention to maintenance, balance nutrition, pay attention to rest at ordinary times, and develop healthy and civilized living habits and good mentality.

Disease analysis:

Western medicine believes that epilepsy is a one-off and recurrent brain dysfunction caused by abnormal over-discharge of brain neurons. This abnormal discharge can't be felt by patients or seen by others, but EEG can be recorded. Seizures are characterized by sudden and recurrent seizures, mainly manifested as one-off convulsions (commonly known as convulsions) or disturbance of consciousness, and clinical seizures can be varied.

Guiding opinions:

At present, drug therapy is still the first choice for epilepsy, and 70-80% of patients can achieve ideal results. A few patients with poor drug treatment effect are suitable for surgical treatment, such as brain tumor, cerebral hemorrhage and other organic diseases. It is suggested that traditional Chinese medicine be used for drug treatment, such as tonifying the heart and kidney, resolving phlegm and calming the wind, inducing resuscitation and stopping epilepsy, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, calming the liver and purging fire, consolidating the foundation and strengthening the yuan, etc.

Life care:

Epilepsy patients should pay attention to the following aspects when going out: ① It is best to go out together and try to avoid acting alone; ② Avoid swimming and diving in rivers, lakes or extremely cold water; ③ Avoid cycling on roads with many people and cars; ④ It is forbidden for epileptic patients to drive while awake; ⑤ Take enough antiepileptic drugs with you when traveling, and insist on taking them. For epileptic patients who have seizures due to lack of sleep, it is not advisable to travel long distances.

Disease analysis:

Epilepsy is a sudden and recurrent disease with transient brain dysfunction. Its clinical manifestations include grand mal, minor mal, psychomotor, localized mal and mixed mal. Its incidence rate is very high. According to statistics, there are about 6 million people in China at present. Because it is a chronic disease, which can last for several years or even ten years, it has a great influence on the patient's body, spirit, marriage and economic and social status.

Clinically, no matter what type of epileptic seizure is, no matter how serious the seizure is, it will eventually cause many hazards to the human body, the most important of which is brain damage. In addition, apnea, hypoxia and edema of brain cells during seizures will also aggravate the damage of brain cells. The damage of these nerve cells will not only cause memory disorder, personality change and intelligence decline of epileptic patients, but also make epileptic seizures more frequent. In addition, when seizures occur, the whole body can stop because of breathing.

Guiding opinions:

Drugs: zhixianling, carbamazepine

Treatment of epilepsy

1, epilepsy acupoint massage:

As shown in the figure, long-term persistent massage on the relevant acupoints of the human body can promote blood circulation, adjust the physiological balance of yin and yang, have the functions of driving away madness, eliminating dampness and calming the nerves, and can achieve the effect of radical treatment of epilepsy.

2. "Pure natural honey" is used to treat epilepsy

Take 30g-50g of "pure natural honey" and mix well with cold boiled water. Drinking on an empty stomach before meals in the morning and evening mainly plays a role in regulating the balance of body functions, enhancing immunity and inhibiting the frequent occurrence of epileptic symptoms.

3. Treatment of epilepsy by diet and nutrition.

Taking a proper amount of "wild gastrodia elata" as a dish together with pig bones or stews such as chickens and ducks requires long-term persistence to improve living conditions. According to herbal records, Gastrodia elata is mainly used for rheumatism, limb contracture, epilepsy in children and convulsion. Chinese medicine believes that this medicine is a good medicine for headache and convulsion. Pharmacological studies have proved that Gastrodia elata is effective for experimental epilepsy in guinea pigs. The Institute of Physiology of China Academy of Sciences found that Gastrodia elata and vanillin can raise the threshold of electric shock spasm, effectively prevent seizures and control the development of epileptiform discharges in the brain. Liu Guoqing et al reported that vanillin and vanillin in Gastrodia elata have significant sedative and anticonvulsant effects. At the same time, Chinese medical colleges usually eat more fruits, vegetables and other foods to supplement the vitamins necessary for the human body, and use this method for a long time to treat epilepsy.

4. Insist on proper physical exercise and psychological adjustment to treat epilepsy.

Epilepsy patients should strengthen appropriate physical exercise and maintain a positive mental state. I believe that as long as we adopt scientific and effective methods, we will recover soon! Remember, you must have spiritual sustenance, such as raising orchids. You need to pay attention to it every day, water it, wait for it to grow up day by day, observe its genetic changes, and finally see it blossom and you can fully recover. This is the spiritual pillar! Don't easily believe what some "bird" doctors say that epilepsy can't be cured and can only be controlled by western medicine. Results 1 0,000% patients controlled by western medicine finally regretted for life, and no one recovered!

Life care:

Once epilepsy is diagnosed, it should be treated as soon as possible and its seizure should be controlled as soon as possible. A large number of clinical data also show that the earlier the treatment of epilepsy begins, the better the effect, and the less the influence on spirit, behavior and intelligence.

Disease analysis:

Epilepsy is a chronic disease caused by sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons, which leads to temporary brain dysfunction. Seizure is a clinical phenomenon caused by abnormal discharge and excessive supersynchronization of brain neurons. It is characterized by sudden and transient symptoms, and has various manifestations due to different parts of abnormal discharge neurons in the brain. It can be motor sensory nerve or autonomic nerve, with or without changes in consciousness or alertness.

Note: For clinical individuals, what is truly asymptomatic and only has abnormal EEG discharge is not called epilepsy, because epilepsy is a brain disease. Abnormal or excessive discharge of neurons in other parts of the body (such as trigeminal ganglion neurons or spinal cord anterior horn neurons) is not a seizure!

Guiding opinions:

First, general medication:

1. Choose safe, effective and cheap drugs according to the types of seizures.

① phenobarbital 90-300mg/d, sodium valproate 0.6- 1.2/d, carbamazepine 600- 1200mg/d, etc.

② Complex partial seizures: phenytoin sodium 0.2-0.6/ day, carbamazepine 0.2- 1.2/ day.

③ Absence attack: clonazepam 5-25mg/d and diazepam 7.5-40mg/d. 。

④ Status epilepticus: Diazepam 10-20mg/ time is the first choice.

2. The dosage of drugs should start from the lower limit of common dosage and gradually increase to the ideal seizure control without serious side effects.

3. The frequency of administration should be determined according to the characteristics of the drug and the characteristics of the attack.

4. Generally, you don't need to change or stop at will. The seizure is completely controlled for 2-3 years, and the drug can be stopped gradually after the EEG is normal.

5. The drug concentration should be monitored regularly, and the drug dosage should be adjusted in time.

Second, in the treatment of epileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs have special significance. Antiepileptic drugs can eliminate or alleviate seizures in two ways. First, it affects central neurons to prevent or reduce their pathological switching discharges; The second is to increase the excitation threshold of normal brain tissue, weaken the spread of focus excitement and prevent the recurrence of epilepsy.

Generally, antiepileptic drugs synthesized before 1960s, such as phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine, ethosuximide and valproate sodium, are called old antiepileptic drugs, among which phenobarbital, phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine and valproate sodium are the first-line antiepileptic drugs widely used at present.

However, in some developed countries, phenobarbital and phenytoin sodium have been listed as second-line antiepileptic drugs because of some side effects. Only carbamazepine and sodium valproate are listed as first-line antiepileptic drugs. New antiepileptic drugs such as gabapentin, lamotrigine, aminocaproic acid, topiramate, etc. At present, the time is newer than the excellent levetiracetam tablets.

Thirdly, for epilepsy with definite etiology, besides effectively controlling the seizure, we should also actively treat the primary disease.

4. Refractory epilepsy that is ineffective in drug therapy can be eliminated by stereotactic surgery, anterior corpus callosum incision or chronic cerebellar stimulation.

Treatment status of generalized tonic-clonic seizures

1. Actively and effectively control convulsions:

① Diazepam 10-20mg for adults and 0.25- 10-20mg/kg for children was injected intravenously slowly until the convulsion stopped. Then add 20-40mg into the glucose solution, and drip intravenously at the rate of 65,438+00-20mg per hour for 65,438+00-20 hours, with the daily total not exceeding 65,430.

② Sodium pentobarbital for adults (0.5g) was dissolved in 100ml water for injection, and slowly injected intravenously at the speed of 50- 100mg/ min until the attack stopped. Attention should be paid to the changes of breathing and heartbeat during injection. After seizure control, nasal feeding or oral antiepileptic drugs should be continued.

2. Dealing with complications:

Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, diuresis and dehydration to reduce brain edema and correct acidosis.

Radical treatment of epilepsy (a few can not be completely cured in clinical treatment, and need lifelong medication to be the same as ordinary people. )

China's traditional Chinese medicine is extensive and profound, and has no side effects, so you can safely take it for a long time.

Life care:

The prevention and health care of epilepsy has always been attached great importance by doctors and patients, which is of certain significance to some patients with epilepsy, especially those with epilepsy. The active development of this work can promote the rehabilitation of patients and greatly improve their quality of life.

Advocate prenatal and postnatal care

"Prenatal care" has been the call of our country for many years. Only in this way can we reduce the occurrence of various diseases. When choosing a spouse, epileptic patients should avoid marrying people with family history of epilepsy, prohibit close relatives from marrying, and prohibit both men and women from marrying patients with primary epilepsy. Because they got married, the incidence of epilepsy increased greatly. The first child born to an epileptic is a child, and a second child is not allowed. If the female patient has a clear genetic history,

(b) Women should pay attention to health care during pregnancy.

After a woman is pregnant, don't take medicine blindly. If they are sick, they must take medicine carefully under the guidance of a doctor. Because some drugs have teratogenic effects, especially in the first three months of pregnancy, the teratogenic effects of drugs are particularly prominent. Don't be exposed to too much radiation. All kinds of radiation (including X-rays, γ-rays and radiation from household appliances, televisions and computers) may cause congenital developmental defects to the fetus, so pregnant women should try to avoid working and living in a high radiation environment. In order to prevent various viral and bacterial infections during pregnancy, prenatal examination should be carried out regularly. If the fetal development is obviously abnormal by B-ultrasound, the pregnancy should be terminated in time. If the fetal umbilical cord is found around the neck, cesarean section should be carried out in time. During delivery, fetal hypoxia, asphyxia and birth injury should be reduced as much as possible, and forceps and fetal aspirator should be avoided as much as possible. These midwifery devices often lead to intracranial hemorrhage, brain injury and epilepsy.

(3) Children (4 months to 5 years old)

Fever caused by cold, tonsillitis, pneumonia and shock should be avoided. If the body temperature is about 3℃ higher than normal, it should be treated in time to avoid febrile convulsion. Recurrent febrile seizures can cause hypoxia in brain tissue, resulting in secondary brain injury, which is the pathological basis of epilepsy. According to domestic reports, the incidence of febrile convulsion turning into epilepsy is 3.8% ~ 20%. Therefore, if the children's fever temperature exceeds 38.0℃,

(4) Actively prevent and treat various intracranial infections.

Such as encephalitis and meningitis. These diseases lead to inflammation and edema in the cerebral cortex, which leads to seizures. Sequela period, but also because of brain parenchyma scar formation, meningeal adhesion and lead to seizures. Therefore, intracranial infection should be diagnosed early and treated actively to reduce sequelae and complications.

(5) Pay attention to personal and traffic safety, and prevent the incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy caused by craniocerebral trauma from 0.5% to 50%. The longer the coma time, the more serious the brain parenchymal injury and the higher the incidence. For example, intracranial hematoma compression in acute stage and intracranial hypertension caused by edema after brain parenchymal injury can all lead to seizures, brain injury after brain surgery, brain atrophy after brain contusion and laceration, and lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain, brain cell dysfunction, epilepsy and so on.

(six) to avoid epilepsy after alcoholism caused by heavy drinking.

Long-term heavy drinking can cause gastritis, pancreatitis, liver injury, arrhythmia, abnormal hematopoietic function and immune function, and the most important thing is nervous system toxicity, which makes the body lack vitamin B 1, causes brain tissue metabolism disorder, brain atrophy, leads to seizures, and may also lead to low attention, memory loss and even dementia. Acute alcoholism can directly cause seizures. In addition, there will be incidents, fights or traffic accidents after drinking.

(7) One of the common causes of adult epilepsy in China is brain parasitic disease.

With the development of society and the improvement of sanitary conditions, epilepsy caused by brain parasitic diseases has decreased, which is mainly prevalent in North China, Northeast China and Yunnan. As a result of eating food or water contaminated by eggs, eggs enter the body and parasitize the cerebral cortex with blood circulation, causing seizures. Therefore, we should pay attention to the hygiene of diet and drinking water. If the patient has subcutaneous nodules and seizures, CT and MRI should be done as soon as possible to find the lesions.

(eight) the elderly should pay attention to health care.

Actively prevent and treat hypertension and arteriosclerosis, avoid cerebrovascular accidents, and reduce secondary epilepsy caused by cerebrovascular diseases. The prognosis of epilepsy patients in the acute stage of cerebrovascular disease is poor. Epilepsy is mainly caused by gliosis, scar formation, brain atrophy, metabolic disorder and cerebral blood supply disorder in the later stage.

(9) Diabetic patients must adhere to long-term treatment.

Check blood sugar regularly to keep it within the normal range, because hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma and ketoacidosis can all cause seizures. Once the seizure occurs, we should find out the cause, actively treat the primary disease and cooperate with antiepileptic drugs to achieve better curative effect.

It is reported that aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis are related to the drug. The average incidence of agranulocytosis is 4.7 cases per million people per year, and the average incidence of aplastic anemia is 2 cases per million people per year.

Disease analysis:

Hello: Epilepsy is a chronic disease caused by sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons.

Guiding opinions:

Epilepsy treatment