Weiming Lake is the largest artificial lake in the campus of Peking University, located in the north-central part.
The shape is u-shaped. There is a stone fish sculpture in Hunan, and there is an island in the middle of the lake, which is connected with the north bank by a bridge. There is a stone boat at the southern end of the central island of the lake. There are Bell Tower, Linhuxuan, Flower Bed and edgar snow on the lakeside, and Boya Tower on the east coast.
The lake used to be supplied with water by Wanquan River, but now it is artificially stored. Ice rink in winter.
In the Qing Dynasty, it was an artificial lake in Shuchunyuan, a small Shenyang garden affiliated to Yuanmingyuan. The stone boat was built according to the stone boat in the Summer Palace. Later, the superstructure was burned down, leaving only a stone base.
In the 1920s, it became a part of yenching university, and the school asked designer henry killam murphy to plan the campus layout. This lake was named the unnamed lake by Qian Mu. 200 1, the "Unnamed Lake Yanyuan Building" by the lake was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
People enter from the west gate of Peking University guarded by stone lions, and not far away, they can see a pair of beautiful China watches standing on the half-empty ground surrounded by office buildings and temples. Continue to stroll eastward, no matter which way you enter the garden space with the unnamed lake as the main body, you will feel suddenly enlightened. In the whole Yan Garden, the unnamed lake is more like a vast ocean. Under the action of light, the lake seems to have thousands of stars moored, emitting ever-changing light. On the unnamed lake, the tower shadow of the lake can be seen in the east; West can watch the sunset in the bell tower; In the south, there are mountains and lakes; The architectural shadows in the north are full of poetry and painting. Therefore, some people sum up the essence of Yan Garden as "one tower, one lake and one painting".
That lake
The small island in the lake is one of the relics of Shuchun Garden in Shenyang. The scene of the luxurious buildings built in Shenyang imitating the "Pengtai Fairy Island" in Yuanmingyuan was later destroyed by the British and French allied forces.
Island pavilion
The island pavilion is located on an island in the center of the unnamed lake. The octagonal square pavilion makes people feel that "we called a thousand times before she came to us." This square pavilion is the island pavilion. The whole pavilion is made of wood, and eight mahogany columns support the double-eaved tiles and the pagoda-shaped pavilion roof. The wooden beams of the pavilion are painted with vivid pictures, some of them are figures and historical stories, and some are landscapes, which are completely in line with the traditional architectural features of China. The base of the pavilion is an octagonal stone platform about one meter high.
Flat bottom pry
The image of "Fang" is similar to a ship. Built on the seashore, it is the most interesting building in the garden.
Peking University Yanyuan Zhou Shi Site:
Located on the unnamed lakeside of Peking University Yanyuan, this area was called Shuchun Garden in Qing Dynasty, and it was a part of Yuanmingyuan, which was given to Little Shenyang by Qianlong. In the tenth year of Xianfeng, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan, and the Shuchun Garden was also destroyed. Only the Zhou Shi base and the "building waiting for the moon in the wind" still exist, and this is the present Hu Lin Pavilion.
Peking university honglou
The Red Mansion in Peking University is a building with an extraordinary history in Beijing, which is named after its main body made of red bricks. Since the completion of the Red Mansion 83 years ago, it has become the source of China's advanced ideas and culture.
Red building, red starting point. China was baptized by the New Culture Movement and the May 4th Movement, and a large number of people with lofty ideals understood and accepted Marxism.
The Red Chamber is the starting point of the revolution. As representatives of advanced social culture, the pioneers of the * * * production party have left a glorious footprint here. Since then, the history of China has turned a new page.
A Page in the History of Peking University Red Mansion
Beijing is a famous historical and cultural city and a city with glorious revolutionary tradition. In the arduous battle course of China * * * production party, countless martyrs shed deep red blood on the hot land of the ancient capital, and wrote their pride for the city with clank and loyalty.
Eighty-three years ago, in the northeast corner of the Forbidden City in Beijing, stood a long I-shaped building with four floors above ground and 1 floor underground. It faces south, and its western style was called the most modern building in Beijing at that time.
But the most visual impact of this building is its color. The red building is really red, and the whole building is made of red bricks, so it was called the red building from the beginning of its construction. Under the sunshine, the building is full of vitality and hope.
Of course, the original builders didn't realize that red has become the main theme of China's history since then, and groups of people with lofty ideals have gone out from here and devoted themselves to the fiery revolutionary journey.
With the passage of time, the Red Mansion, which witnessed many important events in the history of China, has also experienced vicissitudes. Weathering the wind and rain, many places in the building can clearly see the traces of being repaired by blue bricks, but she stands upright, the red theme has not changed, and the name of the red building is still being called.
The current address of Honglou is 29 May 4th Street, Beijing. It can be known from its name that it is a street with many glories, and naming a street after historical events is probably unique among many road names in Beijing. On the wall on the right side of the gate of the Red Mansion, there is a marble inlaid with instructions inscribed by Beijing Student Union and Peking University Student Union: The Red Mansion is a part of the former site of Peking University and one of the important venues for the May 4th Movement. Li Dazhao and Comrade Mao Zedong used to work here. Behind the Red Mansion is the "Democratic Square" named by North China Federation of Students 1947.
As a part of the former site, speaking of the Red Mansion, it is natural to briefly review Peking University nearly a hundred years ago. Peking University is located in Zhongguancun in the northwest corner of Beijing. The Red Mansion was built in 19 18.
If it is only an old red brick building, the Red Building of Peking University is unlikely to become the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units 196 1 on March 4th. This honor comes from the great significance of the Red Chamber of Peking University in China's New Culture Movement and the history of the Communist Party of China, and it is the birthplace of the May 4th Movement.
Brilliant footprint red starting point
Mao Zedong once pointed out clearly: "To study the history of China's * * * production party, we should also study the materials of the 1911 Revolution and the May 4th Movement before the founding of the Party. Otherwise, we cannot understand the development of history. "
19 15, Chen Duxiu, one of the founders of China's * * * production party, founded Youth (later renamed New Youth) magazine in Shanghai. He held high the banner of "democracy" and "science", lashed out at the old feudal culture and advocated a new culture, from which the new culture movement began and became the prelude to the arrival of a new revolutionary storm.
19 17 1, Cai Yuanpei was appointed president of Peking University. He advocated academic tolerance and immediately hired Chen Duxiu as a liberal arts senior. At the end of the year, Li Dazhao went to Peking University as a librarian.
The victory of Russian October socialist revolution had a great influence on the people of China. Marxism began to spread in China, and the advanced elements in China began to regard the proletarian world outlook as a tool to observe the destiny of the country.
Zhang Shenfu, who was a member of 14 at the beginning of Beijing's * * * production organization, recalled: "In the summer of 19 18, the Shanghai Red Mansion was built, and the library moved in, occupying the first floor of the Red Mansion. Li Dazhao's director's office is in two houses in the southeast corner of the Red Chamber. For a time, the Red Chamber became the center of the new ideological movement, and many progressive teachers and students gathered here to study and discuss. " "After Li Dazhao took office, he made some major adjustments and reforms to the library's business and began to pay attention to collecting books on Marxist theories and works since the October Revolution in Russia."
This is Li Dazhao's office in the southeast corner of the first floor of the Red Chamber. The room number is 1 19. Shortly after moving into the Red Chamber, Li Dazhao published articles such as "The Victory of the Common People" in 19 18 1, which represented the new awakening of advanced elements in China. In May of the following year, Li Dazhao edited the special issue of Marxist studies in New Youth and personally wrote My Views on Marxism, which systematically introduced the basic viewpoints of the three components of Marxism-political economy, scientific socialism and historical materialism. This is the first book that systematically and completely introduces Marxism in China.
In this ordinary office of the Red Chamber, Li Dazhao presided over the establishment of the first * * * production team in the north-Beijing * * * production team. He also called a meeting of members of the China Youth Association here, and the Red Chamber of Peking University became an important place for early Marxists to move in Beijing. Zhang Shenfu recalled: "Under the leadership of Li Dazhao, the library became the center of studying and spreading Marxism in Peking University. Many radical students often go to the library to discuss various new ideas with Dazhao and listen to him introduce new ideas. Everyone often meets here to discuss the way out for China and seek ways to save the country and the people. "
19 18 In August, a handsome young man came to Beijing, and then he entered the Red Chamber. He is Mao Zedong, a great Hunan man who changed the fate of China and led the revolution to future victory. This is Mao Zedong's first visit to Beijing. At that time, he and Li and other 24 people came to Beijing to organize young people from Hunan to work and study in France. Later, Mao Zedong stayed in Beijing. After being introduced, he met Li Dazhao, worked as an assistant in the library and began to study Marxist theory. Mao Zedong also began to know more about the October Revolution and Marxism, and embarked on the road of productism.
The May 4th Movement, which broke out on May 4th, 2009, became the beginning of China's new-democratic revolution. The May 4th Movement promoted the combination of Marxism and the workers' movement in China, and the China Revolution entered a new historical period. Mao Zedong once brilliantly pointed out in "On New Democracy": "The May 4th Movement made preparations for the establishment of the China * * * production party in 192 1 year."
Today, this place adds more scenery.
Eighty-three years have passed, and when reporters set foot in the Red Chamber of Peking University, a sense of historical dignity arises spontaneously.
The red chamber stands quietly. On the ground around the building, warning signs of "No Smoking" can be seen everywhere. Looking up, there is no air conditioning outside the floors of the whole building. When you walk in, you can truly appreciate the meticulous care of users now, and the neatly arranged fire extinguishers are very conspicuous. Because the building is mainly made of wood, the electric switch should be pulled in the building at 6 o'clock every night to ensure absolute safety.
Over the years, the Red Chamber has faced many dangers. During the Japanese invasion of China, it was used as the head of the Japanese gendarmerie for seven years, and the basement was also used as a prison for imprisoning and persecuting patriots. 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the red building was seriously damaged.
In order to save this glorious building, the State Council has specially set up a project for emergency repair and allocated special funds. The project lasted three years and cost 800,000 yuan. According to the principle of cultural relics maintenance, the engineering design team worked out a set of seismic strengthening scheme combining domestic traditional building technology with modern science and technology on the premise of keeping the cultural relics intact: putting the steel structure into the horizontal steel truss in the floor, adding steel mesh on both sides of the inner wall to pull through the wall, pouring pisolite concrete, and pulling it up with section steel inside and outside the wall, thus restoring the strong "physique" of this brick-wood mixed structure building that has already exceeded its service life. Thanks to the joint efforts of experts in architecture and cultural relics protection, the original state and overall color of the completed Red Mansion have not changed.
1998, Peking University held the celebration of 100. Many professors from the old Peking University came to visit the Red Mansion, and they were very satisfied with the well-preserved Red Mansion.
As an important cultural relic, the Red Mansion of Peking University is also changing.
1995, the Beijing Municipal Government approved the Five-year Plan for the Development of Cultural Relics in Beijing, requiring the then departments using the Red Mansion to move out gradually, and the municipal departments will rectify the surrounding environment of the Red Mansion. At the end of last year, led by the Capital Planning Commission, the relevant departments held a site meeting on environmental remediation behind the Red Mansion, clearly stipulating that all illegal buildings and temporary buildings around the former Democratic Square would be demolished within a time limit.
On March 3 1 this year, National Cultural Heritage Administration authorities and units began to move to the Ministry of Culture building in the East Second Ring Road. At the same time, two new brands, "New Culture Movement Memorial Hall Preparation Office" and "National Cultural Heritage Administration Red Chamber Management Office", are hung at the gate.
National Cultural Heritage Administration has planned for many years to build the Red Chamber into a patriotic education base to commemorate the New Culture Movement and publicize the May 4th Movement. It is understood that the concept of the New Culture Movement Memorial Hall is very grand, and the preparatory work is planned to be carried out in three stages: First, the original sites of Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong will be restored, and special exhibitions will be organized to open to the outside world as soon as possible; The second step is to restore the former office and lecture sites of representatives of the New Culture Movement, the former printing house of Peking University, the underground cultural relics warehouse, the research center of the New Culture Movement and the information center. The third step will be to expand the exhibition scale, build landmark sculpture groups and exhibition facilities around the Red Mansion, and plan to restore more typical old sites.
The changes inside the Red Mansion are quiet, but now the surrounding environment of the Red Mansion is undergoing tremendous changes. The road on the east side of Honglou is under intense construction. Before long, a wide road, named Huangchenggen Garden, which runs through the north and south, and is 3 kilometers long from Chang 'an Avenue to Ping 'an Avenue, will be completed soon. It is conceivable that the Red Mansion, a building with a glorious history, will be even more dazzling against the backdrop of green trees and flowers.
Zhong Ting
Zhong Ting is located on a small earthen hill on the west bank of Weiming Lake. The north faces the lake, facing the fish that Peking University people are very familiar with. At the foot of Tuqiu Mountain in the south is a poem tablet of Qianlong, and not far from the west is a statue of Cai Yuanpei. There is a path between the statue of Cai Yuanpei and the tablet of Qianlong poem, which leads to the lake.
The bell tower was built in September, 1929. The origin of the clock has not been verified, and it was used as a school clock in yenching university. The words on the clock are clear and impressive, and you can make a heavy and powerful sound by tapping with your hand. The school clock has its own way of ringing the bell, and different ways have different meanings. )
People who come to Yanyuan must not miss Zhong Ting, a small hexagonal pavilion located on the small earth hill on the west bank of Weiming Lake. The reason why we can't miss it is because Xiaotushan has an excellent geographical position, facing the lake in the north and the fish that Peking University people are very familiar with. At the foot of Tuqiu Mountain in the south is a poem tablet of Qianlong, and not far from the west is a statue of Cai Yuanpei. There is a path between the statue of Cai Yuanpei and the tablet of Qianlong poem, which leads to the lake. I'm afraid that the people who built the bell tower are worried that we will bypass the humble small earth mountain and ignore the exquisite and beautiful bell tower, so three winding paths are built in the north, west and south, leading directly to the bell tower. Every path is made of irregular stones, which makes it feel more like climbing a mountain than the regular stone steps. Climbing the stairs, you can see the whole picture of the bell tower in a short moment.
Bell pavilion, there are bells and pavilions. A dome pavilion with six corners and painted patterns; Clock-antique, with eight petals of lotus at the bottom, like a skirt worn by girls. The lower part of the clock is carved with the rough sea and the rising sun bursting out of the sea. On the upper part of the clock body are twelve pairs of dragon balls, dancing and rolling. The bell ears hinged by two stout green dragons are hung on the crossbar at the top of the pavilion. In addition, the clock body is engraved with gossip patterns and written in Manchu and Chinese: "August of the year of Bing Shen in Qing Dynasty". According to this date, it has exceeded 1000, that is, 1896, from the year of the Qing Dynasty. This clock was born earlier than "Shi Jing University Hall"!
According to relevant research, it turns out that Old Peking University used clocks to tell the time. The reason why Zhong Ting has a clock in the pavilion may be the original idea. In the Old History of Peking University, an old alumnus of Peking University described the clock at that time like this: "The clock in the Second Hospital of Peking University was never controlled by a motor button, but a tall and old rotten wooden seat with a black and heavy iron clock hanging on it, which has a history of at least 70 or 80 years. At that time, the school had just started, and the client didn't know where to find it, but he was knocked by an old man in his late seventies with a gray beard and a faded blue cloth jacket, knocking about 16 to 18 every time. This bell is loud and clear, not only in the Second Hospital of Peking University, but also in the First Hospital, the library, the research institute, and the Dongxizhai. Students live in a nearby alley. They lie in sunny beds in the morning. When they wake up and hear the bell of class, they are eager to wash their faces and gargle. Therefore, this clock is poetic, which is beyond the reach of ordinary electric clocks. " At that time, Zhong Ziran didn't use the clock in Zhong Ting now. As for the origin of Zhong Ting, there is a record in the Imperial Garden of the Summer Palace: "In the Cui Lan Room on the north side of the island, Cixi used 1889 as a parade platform to inspect the Beiyang Navy transferred by Li Hongzhang and the newly graduated Marine Corps students from the Naval Academy. In order to adapt to the exercise, the small fireboat was changed into a gunboat, and artillery and cavalry were arranged on the east and west sides.
At that time, the big bronze clock used by the navy to tell the time was robbed at 1900. Later, it was put in yenching university, and now it is in the Bell Pavilion at the Weiming Lake in Peking University. "
If Zhong could talk, it would certainly tell us many past events ... perhaps, from its work for Beiyang Navy to how it escaped from the looting in Eight-Nation Alliance; Perhaps, it has been abandoned for several years, where it moved to the slope of this lake; Perhaps, who rang it again, and how it consciously grasped the class schedule of generations of students; Perhaps, it still remembers 1929 65438+ 10, the day when it became the school clock of yenching university. In June, it moved to the Tushan branch of Weiming Lake, and in September, it was accompanied by a six-column bell pavilion. Perhaps, it still remembers the "ringing the bell method" decided at the meeting of the former yenching university Executive Committee: "Ring the bell once every half hour, starting at 12: 30, once twice, once and a half, three times, ... at 4 o'clock, eight times, and then it will be rung again at 4: 30. If it circulates every four hours, then every morning from 6 am to 6 pm 1 1 is the ringing time. " Perhaps, it still remembers that it has been ten years since the bell ringer. With his life and its life, in the stormy years, with loud and deep bells, the hearts of patriotic teachers and students are stirred.
Cai Yuanpei bronze statue
Cai Yuanpei (1868- 1940), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, is a famous educator in China. Cai Yuanpei organized the Guangfu Association in his early years and later joined the League. After the Revolution of 1911, he became the education chief of Nanjing Provisional Government. 19 16- 1927 served as the principal of Peking University, making outstanding contributions to the development of Peking University and the education in China. Comrade Mao Zedong once praised him as a "first-class scholar and a model of the world".
Cai Yuanpei's bronze statue was donated to his alma mater by graduates of Grade 77 and Grade 78 of Peking University. It was created by Professor Ceng Zhushao, a famous sculptor, with the assistance of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel and Capital Iron and Steel Company.
Rock fish with curly tail
Fan Wei stone fish is a relic of Changchun Garden in Yuanmingyuan. In the north of Changchun Garden, there is a harmonious wonder (built in the 12th year of Qianlong) with a big fountain in front. The stone fish with its tail turned over is an ornament in this fountain. Yuanmingyuan was burned and looted twice by the British and French allied forces and Eight-Nation Alliance, which made this world-famous garden in ruins, with all the precious cultural relics lost and fish sold cheaply. It was bought by Zai Tao, the owner of Longrun Garden. When yenching university 1930 class graduated, he bought this stone fish as a souvenir for his alma mater. Since then, the stone fish has settled in the unnamed lake.
lakeview cabin
Linhuxuan was originally the residence of Si Tuleideng, president of yenching university (19 16- 1962), and part of it was also used as a place for yenching university to receive distinguished guests and hold meetings. Ma Yinchu, the former headmaster of Peking University (1882- 1982) once lived here. Now it is the VIP reception room of Peking University. Lin Hu Xuan was named by Bing Xin, an alumnus and famous writer of Peking University.
The west room of our hospital used to be Lin Maike's bedroom. British scholar Lin Maike. 1937 was hired as an economics tutor in yenching university, and led the establishment of the Oxford tutorial system. Under the control of Japanese imperialism at that time, Lin secretly went to the anti-Japanese guerrilla zones in North China many times to buy medicinal materials and radio equipment from the Eighth Route Army in the occupied area of Beiping. 194 1 when the pearl harbor incident broke out, the Lins entered the anti-Japanese base area with the help of the eighth route army and took part in the anti-Japanese work in Jinchaji and Yan' an until 1945 when the Japanese surrenders returned to Britain with their wives and children. After liberation, Lin visited China many times.
Snow tomb
Snow's tomb is located on the site of the original flower temple. The tombstone is a rectangular white marble with the English words "Tomb of edgar snow, an American friend of the people of China" inscribed by Ye Jianying. Surrounded by pines and cypresses, the tomb is covered with green grass. Facing a clear lake, I feel more peaceful and solemn.
Edgar, Si Nuo. (1905— 1972) American journalist and writer was born in Kansas city, Missouri, USA, and studied in the journalism department of the University of Missouri.
Si Nuo came to China on 1928 and worked as a reporter and correspondent for several newspapers in Europe and America. From April 1933 to June 1935, Si Nuo was also a lecturer in the journalism department of yenching university, Beiping. From June 65438 to June 0936, Si Nuo visited the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and wrote a lot of communication reports, becoming the first western journalist to cover the Red Zone. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he served as a war correspondent in China for the Daily Herald and the American Saturday Evening Post. 1942 went to Central Asia and the Soviet Union for an interview and left China. After the founding of New China, he visited China three times and died in Geneva on February 5, 1972.
Si Nuo is an upright American who loves peace and upholds justice. He is very concerned about the fate of China and enthusiastically supports and protects students' patriotic enthusiasm. 1June, 935, Si Nuo was hired as a special correspondent for British Daily Herald, and soon moved back to 13 Dongcheng Armor Factory.
It was the eve of the December 9th Movement. Yenching university is an important position to lead the student movement in China. Si Nuo took an active part in the activities of the Journalism Society of Yanda University, and their home is also frequented by many patriotic and progressive students. Yenching university's Wang Ruhai (Huang Hua) and Chen Hanbo, Tsinghua University's Yao Keguang (Yao Yilin) and Peking University's Yu Qiwei (Huang Jing) are all his frequent visitors. The underground party member discussed the specific steps of the "December 9th" movement in Si Nuo's home, and informed the Si Nuo couple of the routes and meeting places of the two parades on February 9th and 6th of1June. On the eve of the parade, Mr. and Mrs. Si Nuo translated the Declaration of Students' Self-government Association of BeipingNo. 10 into English overnight and distributed it to foreign journalists in Beiping, asking them to send a telegram to go abroad, and contacted many foreign journalists in Beiping at that time for interviews.
On the day of the parade, Mr. and Mrs. Si Nuo and other foreign journalists followed the parade, carefully reporting the real situation of students besieging Xizhimen and being blocked by Xuanwu Gate. He sent an exclusive newsletter to The Sun in new york, where he left many written materials and photos about the "1February 9th" movement. Si Nuo also suggested that the Student Autonomy Association of Yan University hold a foreign press conference, and the students once again showed the great significance of the December 9th Movement to the west.
After the fall of Peiping, Si Nuo sheltered many progressive students in his residence and helped them leave the dead city of Peiping to join the anti-Japanese guerrillas or go to Yan 'an.
1960- 1970 Snow's Tomb visited China three times and wrote books such as Across the River. It has contributed to enhancing mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese and American peoples. He died in Geneva on 1972. According to his wishes, some of his ashes were transported to Beijing and buried here on 1973, 10, 19.