According to statistics, there are about 3,939 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Hubei Province, including 3,354 kinds of medicinal plants, 524 kinds of medicinal animals and 6 1 species of medicinal minerals, ranking first in the country. Based on these medicinal resources, there are 453 1 species of traditional Chinese medicines, including 3,728 kinds of plant medicines, 684 kinds of animal medicines, 88 kinds of mineral medicines and 365,438 others. The existing Chinese herbal medicines cover an area of 4.2 million mu, mainly distributed in the Pan-Shennongjia area, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture and Dabie Mountain area, so they are also called the "three major drug depots" in Hubei.
0 1, pan-Shennongjia area
Shennongjia, a vast and primitive place, connects Jingxiang in the east, Bashu in the west, Yiling in the south and Wudang in the north. Its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions make it a place where various animal and plant elements gather. It is famous for its wide variety of plants, including more than 2,000 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, and is praised as "natural botanical garden", "natural zoo" and "gene bank of animal and plant germplasm" by the world. At the same time,
There are more than 1800 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica, including more than 1200 kinds in Shennongjia and more than 400 kinds in Wudang Mountain. Among them, authentic medicinal materials are particularly rich in resources, accounting for 10.5% of the total number of authentic medicinal materials in China. Focus on gastrodia elata, Polygonatum sibiricum, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Rhizoma Paridis, Fritillaria, Radix Scrophulariae and other Chinese herbal medicines.
Gastrodia elata, the ancients said it was a divine medicine. Because its stem is red, it stands upright like an arrow shaft, and its common name is "Red Arrow". It is a precious Chinese herbal medicine, which has the effects of calming the wind, relieving spasm, calming the liver and suppressing yang, expelling wind and dredging collaterals. Can be used for treating dizziness, numbness of limbs, and convulsion. Tianma in Shennongjia is a rare variety in China, with unique quality and rich content.
Polygonatum sibiricum, a perennial herb, is born in Shennongjia plateau forest area, hillside thickets or shady places. The edible part is underground fleshy rhizome, which contains essential trace elements such as Polygonatum polysaccharide and amino acid. Polygonatum sibiricum, the first chicken in Shennongjia, is delicious, nutritious and full of glutinous fragrance. It is a precious medicine and food homologous specialty in Shennongjia.
Shennongjia Codonopsis pilosula is a perennial herb vine, and likes an environment with mild climate, cool summer and humid air. It contains polysaccharide, glucose, fructose, inulin, sucrose, phosphate and 17 kinds of amino acids, among which 7 kinds of essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by human body, which is the material basis of Codonopsis pilosula as a tonic.
02. Wuling Mountain Area in Enshi
Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in the transition zone between Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the eastern low hills. It is a refuge for paleontology and has 2088 species of medicinal plants. With many varieties and large output, it is known as the "Chinese medicine library".
Enshi Prefecture has high mountains and deep forests, and is rich in medicinal resources, mainly including Coptis chinensis, Codonopsis pilosula, Angelica sinensis, Tianqi and so on. Among them, Lichuan Huanglian and Enshi Bandang are the most famous, and they are two "twin flowers" in Enshi, a "Chinese medicine library".
Coptis chinensis is cold and bitter. It has the functions of purging fire, detoxicating, clearing away heat and eliminating dampness, and is mainly used for treating high fever, dysphoria, chest distress, vomiting and diarrhea. Lichuan's unique cold, high humidity, foggy and sparse mountain environment is most suitable for the growth of Coptis chinensis, so Lichuan enjoys the reputation of "Hometown of Coptis chinensis in China" in history.
"Enshi Bandang" is named after it was produced in Banqiao, which is famous at home and abroad for its rich "Bandang". Banqiao is located in the northwest border of Enshi City. Banqiao Banqiao ranks first among the "Four Famous Formulas in China" for its inherent qualities such as low sugar content, storage resistance, high ginsenoside content and selenium enrichment.
03. Dabie Mountains in Huanggang
Dabie Mountain area in the northeast of Hubei Province is rich in Chinese herbal medicine resources. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records 1892 species of Chinese herbal medicines, and Huanggang produces more than 1000 species of Chinese herbal medicines, including more than 300 genuine medicinal materials and more than 70 key varieties, which is known as the "treasure house of medicinal plant resources in Dabie Mountain".
Dabie Mountain area has a long tradition of planting Chinese herbal medicines, and a large number of famous authentic medicinal materials have been formed. For example, the "Four Treasures of Qichun": Artemisia argyi, tortoise, Agkistrodon, bamboo, Poria, Gastrodia elata, Atractylodes yingshanensis and Platycodon grandiflorum of Jiuzi River in Luotian are well-known at home and abroad.
Zanai is the king of love and the first of the "Four Treasures of Qichun". As the king of herbs, Artemisia argyi has a long history. According to records, mugwort has been used to treat diseases for 3000 years. The whole plant of Artemisia argyi has the functions of warming channels, eliminating dampness, dispelling cold, stopping bleeding, diminishing inflammation, relieving asthma, relieving cough, preventing miscarriage and resisting allergy.
The quality of Poria cocos in Jiuzihe, Luotian is the first in the country, and the output is the first in the province. It is known as the "hometown of Poria cocos". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Poria cocos in Luotian was listed as one of the "eight treasures" in the treasure house of Chinese herbal medicine. Physicians of past dynasties called it "the top-grade fairy medicine, which is psychic, soul-activating, tendon-activating and stomach-activating."
The superior geographical and climatic conditions have formed a unique resource endowment, which has bred abundant Chinese medicine plant resources and excellent varieties in Hubei, and also created a veritable "medicinal treasure land" in Hubei. Relying on Shennongjia's biodiversity resource endowment and Shennongjia's unique regional brand culture, Shennongjia Authentic Medicinal Materials Industry Development Co., Ltd. aims to build an ecological planting standard of Chinese herbal medicines based on soil remediation technology, vigorously develop the under-forest imitation wild planting industry of Chinese herbal medicines, and create the source of fine Chinese herbal medicines.