High yield of rice depends on the harmony and unity of varieties, cultivation strategies and natural environment. With the continuous improvement of the relationship between the three, the yield will be further improved. In cultivation management, the key is to promote "sprouting", "strong stalk", "long panicle" and "full grain" from tillering stage to young panicle differentiation stage and panicle development stage, so as to achieve high yield.
1. Selecting excellent varieties (big panicle type, anti-aging, strong culm lodging resistance) and reasonably planting suitable panicle number of population coordinated with big panicle type can ensure the total spikelet quantity of population with sufficient yield and maintain normal commodity rate and grain weight. On the basis of reasonable close planting and suitable panicle number, it mainly depends on the increase of spikelets per panicle. Therefore, at jointing stage (round stalk stage), we should strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, especially pay attention to the supplement of boron, increase the number of spikes and grains per spike, reduce the decline of spikelets, promote the differentiation of bee pollen mother cells, and reduce the deformity and abortion of bee pollen.
2. The starting point of effective population is stable seedlings, excellent tillers and strong seedlings with tillers after strong panicles, so as to promote individual heading, early growth and quick recruitment, and improve population quality when there are enough seedlings with a certain heading amount. It is stipulated that leaves and tillers can be basically coextensive when seedlings are planted, and 80% effective tillers can be produced according to coextensive standards;
At the end of effective tillering, when the population reaches 80% in advance, we should moderately lose weight, stop water and abandon the field, manipulate ineffective tillers as soon as possible, adjust the dynamics and management scale of effective population, cultivate strong culms, attack big panicles, improve the population structure with excellent plant types, and achieve dry matter accumulation at the heading stage of the population.
Generally speaking, the elongation and enrichment of stem nodes and the elongation of three high-efficiency functional leaves at the top of stem are carried out at the same time as the differentiation, growth and production of young panicles. Therefore, the production of large panicles must have the basis of making full use of strong stalks and high-efficiency leaves.
3. Scientific water and fertilizer management and high-quality rice fertilization technology can, on the one hand, make rice plants maintain strong roots during the growth period and have strong ability to absorb water and fertilizer, which is what farmers often say: "good appetite" and "good eating"; On the other hand, there is plenty of water and fertilizer, and the soil layer has a certain fertilizer supply capacity, which is called "having food to eat".
Pay attention to the application of base fertilizer and fertilization and the filling of nutrients in it. At the same time, we should seize the key period of rice growth and development, such as the period of ear cracking, full heading and filling, and prevent diseases scientifically. Such as citrus psylla (buprofezin, pymetrozine). Rice leaf roller (emamectin benzoate, emamectin indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole); Chilo suppressalis (abamectin methoxyfenozide, abamectin Chlorella); Bacterial infection with stripe disease (thiamethoxam, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid); Rhizoctonia solani (thifluzamide suspension), etc.
In addition, in the round stalk stage, scientific field drying and spikelet differentiation stage of rice, rehydration should be immediately stopped and field drying should be stopped. During the booting stage and meiosis stage of rice, the "fetal water" should be irrigated well, but the irrigation should not be too deep. The water layer should generally be kept 5~ 10cm deep.