Nowadays, fire safety is also very important to us. The following is my fire knowledge, I hope you like it.

Fire fighting knowledge 1 1. Why should students be given safety education?

First of all, safety education for students is the need of the current fire situation and safety work, and it is a mass basic work to improve the fire prevention ability of the whole school.

Secondly, carrying out student safety education is the need to protect the personal and property safety and legitimate rights and interests of students at school. In the event of a fire, college students are more vulnerable due to objective factors such as physiology and psychology.

Third, students in school have an important position and unique role in school safety work. 60% to 70% of school fires occur in places where people are concentrated, such as student dormitories. Students are the owners of dormitories, and they play a very important role in preventing dormitory fires. If students' awareness of fire safety is weak and they lack common knowledge of fire fighting, their ability to put out initial fires and escape, self-help and mutual rescue is low. Once a fire breaks out, it will inevitably lead to a fire with serious consequences.

Therefore, it is necessary to educate college students on fire safety and improve their awareness of fire safety.

2. Why can't high-power appliances be used in student apartments?

First of all, student apartments belong to public accommodation and involve public safety interests. The use of high-power electrical appliances can easily lead to overload of wires, increase of current and heating of wires. The more you exceed, the faster the temperature rises. The allowable temperature of wire insulation is generally 60℃. If the line is overloaded for a long time, the calorific value of the line will increase and the insulation layer will accelerate aging. When the temperature is higher than 250℃, the insulation layer will spontaneously ignite and separate from the wire, resulting in short circuit and fire accident.

Secondly, the power supply lines and distribution facilities in student dormitories are relatively weak, and objectively high-power electrical appliances are not allowed.

3. which electrical appliances are not allowed to be used in the student dormitory?

High-power electrical appliances such as electric stoves, rice cookers, electric heaters, electric blankets, electric cups, quick heating and air conditioners are strictly prohibited in student apartments.

4. Why can't you pull the wires around?

First, people who don't know the electrician's professional knowledge are prone to fire accidents because of wrong wiring or weak connection, which leads to excessive contact resistance.

Second, the design capacity of the conductor is limited, and the random connection of the conductor causes excessive load, which is easy to cause fire due to overload.

5. How to use "1 19" telephone or school alarm telephone correctly?

First, when calling the police, first of all, be calm and don't panic.

The second is to find out the fire unit, address, burning object and fire situation, and tell the fire brigade the name and telephone number of the alarm person for contact. After the alarm, I may send someone to meet the fire truck at the traffic intersection leading to the fire;

Third, we should call the police as early as possible to gain time for fire fighting and reduce losses.

6. What are the main responsibilities of the security department?

The school security department is the main functional department of school safety management, which is responsible for maintaining campus political stability (that is, preventing and stopping the infiltration and sabotage activities of hostile forces) and public security stability, protecting and developing productive forces (that is, the safety of people, money and materials), protecting teachers and students from the infringement of decadent and reactionary ideology and culture, creating a good educational environment and providing necessary security for school reform and development.

8. What are the causes of fire accidents?

The main causes of fire accidents are: arson, electricity consumption, illegal operation, careless use of fire, playing with fire, smoking, spontaneous combustion, lightning strike, earthquake and wind disaster.

9. Why are there many fire accidents in winter?

In winter, the weather is cold, the rain is scarce, and there are many kinds of raw materials stored, which consume a lot of fire, electricity and gas.

Winter is the beginning and end of every year. With busy production, short days and long nights, people tend to slack off and often ignore fire safety, so the first fire can't be found in time. Therefore, there are many fire accidents in winter, with great losses and casualties.

10, what is fire?

A burning phenomenon that is out of control in time and space and causes certain harm is called a fire.

1 1. What kinds of fires are there? What kind of fire extinguishing agent is suitable for each?

According to the combustion substances and characteristics, fires are divided into four categories: A, B, C and D:

Class A refers to the fire of combustible solid substances;

Class B refers to liquid fire and molten solid fire.

Class C refers to combustible gas fire;

Class D refers to flammable metal fires, such as fires of potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, lithium, aluminum alloy and other substances.

Different extinguishing agents should be selected according to different fire types:

① Water, foam and ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing agent should be selected for Class A fire extinguishing.

② Dry powder and foam extinguishing agent should be selected for Class B fire extinguishing. Extinguish polar solvent class B fire

Chemical foam extinguishing agent and anti-soluble foam extinguishing agent shall not be used in disasters.

③ Dry powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent should be selected for Class C fire extinguishing.

④ 7 150 fire extinguishing agent, sand, soil, etc. Elected as class d fire protection.

12, what is the basic principle of fire prevention?

The basic principle of fire prevention is to prevent the generation of combustion conditions, prevent the combination and interaction of three combustion conditions, and take measures to limit and weaken the development of combustion conditions and prevent the spread of fire.

13, what are the basic fire prevention measures?

The basic measures for fire prevention are:

① Control combustible materials. Replacing flammable or combustible materials with incombustible or incombustible materials; Adopt local ventilation or full ventilation to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, steam and dust; Individual objects that can interact and react chemically.

(2) Isolation of combustion-supporting materials. Is to make combustible gas, liquid and solid not contact with combustion-supporting substances such as air, oxygen or other oxidants, and even if there is a fire source, it will not burn because there is no combustion-supporting substance involved.

③ Eliminate the ignition source. Strictly control open flames and electrical fires to prevent fires caused by static electricity and lightning strikes.

(4) Prevent the fire from spreading. It is to prevent the fire source such as flame or Mars from entering the equipment, pipeline or space with the danger of burning and explosion, or to prevent the flame from spreading in the equipment and pipeline, or to limit the combustion to a certain range so as not to burn outward.

14, what is the basic principle of fire fighting?

According to the basic conditions of combustion, all fire extinguishing measures are based on the chain reaction of destroying the existing combustion conditions or stopping combustion, so as to control the fire within a certain range and minimize the fire loss.

15, what are the basic methods of fire fighting?

The cooling fire extinguishing method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent directly on the burning object, so that the temperature of combustible materials is reduced below the ignition point and the combustion is terminated. For example, put out fires with water.

Isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or evacuate burning objects from nearby combustible substances to stop burning.

Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is to prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone, or dilute the air with noncombustible substances, so that combustible substances can be extinguished by cutting off oxygen. For example, foam is used to put out oil fires.

Suppression fire extinguishing method, also known as chemical blocking method, is to make the extinguishing agent participate in the combustion reaction process, so that the free radicals produced in the combustion process disappear and form stable molecules or low-activity free radicals, so as to stop the combustion reaction. Such as dry powder extinguishing agent to put out gas fire.

16, what are the common fire extinguishers?

Commonly used fire extinguishers are: dry powder fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers and foam extinguisher.

17. What material fires can't be put out by water?

Fires that water can't put out are:

(1) alkali metals cannot be preserved with water. Because water reacts with alkali metals (such as potassium and sodium), it can decompose water to produce hydrogen and release a lot of heat, which is easy to cause explosion.

(2) alkali metal carbide and alkali metal hydride can't be put out with water. For example, potassium carbide, sodium carbide, aluminum carbide, calcium carbide, potassium hydride and magnesium chloride react with water, releasing a lot of heat, which may cause fire and explosion.

③ Flammable liquids that are lighter than water and insoluble in water should not be extinguished by water in principle.

(4) Melted steel cannot be extinguished with water. Because the temperature of molten iron and steel is about 1600℃, water vapor can decompose hydrogen and oxygen when it is above 1000℃, which is a danger of explosion.

⑤ Tri-acids (sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid) can not be extinguished by strong water flow, but by jet water flow when necessary.

⑥ In case of fire of high-voltage electrical equipment, it is generally impossible to extinguish the fire with water without good grounding equipment or cutting off the current.

18, the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers and matters needing attention?

How to use the carbon dioxide fire extinguisher: first pull out the safety bolt, then press the handle (or turn the valve) and aim the nozzle at the root of the flame to extinguish the fire.

Precautions for carbon dioxide fire extinguishers: Wear gloves when using, and avoid skin contact with spray tubes and spray hoses to prevent frostbite. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to put out an electrical fire, if the voltage exceeds 600 volts, cut off the power supply first, and then put out the fire.

19, how to use the dry powder fire extinguisher?

The dry powder fire extinguisher is used in the same way as the carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, but it should be noted that before using the dry powder fire extinguisher, the fire extinguisher should be turned upside down several times to loosen the dry powder in the steel cylinder. When ABC dry powder fire extinguisher is used to put out solid fire, the fire extinguishing nozzle should be aimed at the most violent place, and the dry powder fire extinguisher should be sprayed on the surface of the burning object as evenly as possible until it is completely extinguished. Because the cooling effect of dry powder is very small, it is necessary to prevent re-ignition after fire extinguishing.

20, why should we strengthen the building interior decoration fire safety management?

With the rapid development of economic construction and social progress, people's living standards are improving day by day, the building interior decoration design and construction industry is rapidly emerging, and interior decoration is constantly popularized and developed. The fire safety problems caused by this have become increasingly prominent, and fire accidents have occurred from time to time, causing great losses to the country and people's lives and property.

First, some did not report to the public security fire control institutions for review, or changed the fire control audit opinions without authorization, and put them into use without acceptance, leaving a congenital fire hazard.

Second, a large number of flammable and combustible materials are used, which increases the fire load in the building, so that when a fire breaks out, the combustion spreads violently and rapidly, and at the same time, a large amount of smoke and toxic gases are produced, which increases the difficulty of personnel evacuation and fire fighting.

Third, the design and installation of electrical equipment and lines do not meet the fire protection requirements, which increases the probability of fire in buildings.

Fourth, changing the location of fire-fighting facilities without authorization, adding partition walls at will, changing the original spatial layout, and affecting the effectiveness of fire-fighting facilities. Fifth, the quality of some decoration teams is not high, and the construction quality is poor, which reduces the fire safety factor of the building.

Therefore, vigorously strengthening the fire safety management of building interior decoration is conducive to implementing the relevant national fire laws and regulations and the technical specifications for fire protection of building interior decoration; It is conducive to timely correcting the illegal behavior of building interior decoration and preventing the breeding of fire hazards; It is beneficial to improve the fire resistance rating of building interior decoration and prevent and reduce the harm of fire accidents.

2 1. What are fire hazards and major fire hazards?

Anyone who violates the fire control laws and regulations and may cause fire hazards is a fire hazard.

Any serious violation of fire laws and regulations may cause heavy casualties or heavy property losses, which is a major fire hazard.

What are the contents of "four abilities" of fire safety in Fire Knowledge 2 1?

(1) Check the ability to eliminate fire hazards.

(2) the ability to put out the initial fire

(3) the ability to organize evacuation and escape

(4) the ability of publicity, education and training

What is the policy of fire control work?

Prevention first, combining prevention with elimination.

1. "Prevention first" means that when dealing with the relationship between fire prevention and fire prevention, fire prevention must be put in the first place in fire fighting work, and various active measures should be taken ideologically, organizationally and institutionally to prevent the occurrence of fire.

2. "Combination of prevention and elimination" means that while actively doing fire prevention work, we should pay attention to manpower and material resources.

Technically, make full preparations for fire fighting. Strengthen the construction of voluntary fire fighting team within the enterprise, equip with sufficient fire fighting equipment, strengthen fire fighting training, do a good job in combat readiness on duty, and make unremitting efforts. Once a fire breaks out, it can be put out quickly and in time to minimize the hidden danger of fire.

3 Fire fighting task

1. Control and fire control all unsafe conditions and factors of fire and explosion;

2. Conditions and factors for limiting and eliminating the spread and expansion of fire and explosion;

3. Ensure that there are enough firefighters and fire-fighting equipment to put out the fire in time and reduce losses;

4. Ensure that there are enough safety exits and passages for people to escape and materials to evacuate;

5. Thoroughly find out the cause of the fire and explosion, and achieve "three don't let go" (that is, don't let go if the reason is unknown; Accident responsibility and employees' lack of education; Preventive measures were not implemented.

How to use dry powder fire extinguisher?

When using portable dry powder fire extinguisher, pull out the safety pin, hold the hose in one hand and aim the nozzle at the root of the flame; Press the handle with the other hand, and the dry powder can be sprayed out to extinguish the fire. (Short Note: Pin Pulling, Pipe Holding and Handle Pressing)

5 What are the precautions for using dry powder fire extinguishers?

In case of fire, take a portable fire extinguisher nearby, pull out the safety bolt with the other hand, shake it up and down several times, and stand 3-4 meters upwind of the fire. Hold the handle tightly, aim at the root of the fire source, and keep pushing forward until the fire goes out.

(1) aim at the root of the flame and inject under pressure, not too high.

(2) Spraying at a distance of 2-3m from the flame.

(3) spray in the upwind direction of the flame.

(Note: 2-3 meters against the wind, sprayed at the root of the flame)

6 how to identify the fire extinguisher pressure gauge?

The pressure gauge pointer pointing to the green area is just suitable for pressure; The pressure gauge pointer pointing to the yellow area means that the pressure is too high; The pointer of the pressure gauge points to the red area, indicating insufficient pressure. (Note: Good green area, big yellow area, small red area)

7 How to use fire hydrants?

When using the fire hydrant, first turn off the power supply of all fire extinguishing places, open the glass door of the fire hydrant, and press the manual alarm button, and the water pump connected with it will automatically pressurize. After connecting the hose with the gun (after opening the water valve, the nozzle head should be leveled), direct the fire until it is put out.

(1) Open the fire hydrant door and press the internal fire alarm button (if any).

(2) One person connects the spear head and hose to the fire point.

(3) Another person connects the hose and the valve port.

(4) Open the valve counterclockwise to spray water. (Note: Press the alarm, connect the gun belt and open the valve)

8 Automatic sprinkler system

If there is a fire and the local temperature reaches 68℃, the glass tube (red) on the sprinkler will burst automatically and spray water to put out the fire.

9 smoke detector automatic alarm system

When a large number of people gather together to smoke or have a short circuit or open circuit, causing smoke. When the smoke reaches a certain concentration, the smoke detector will automatically transmit information to the fire main engine.

10 What is a fire hazard?

Fire hazard refers to the unsafe factors that may lead to or increase the fire danger or harmfulness.

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