Question 1: What is the argument? 1, argument, also known as judgment, is the author's point of view. In logic, argument is a kind of judgment, and its authenticity needs to be confirmed. It is the author's views, opinions and attitudes on the issues discussed. It is the center of the whole argumentation process, shouldering the task of answering "what to demonstrate" and clearly indicating what the author is in favor of and against. It is a statement with clear meaning.

2. Basic explanation

The clear opinions in the discussion and the reasons for the argumentation opinions.

3. Quote and explanation

Refers to the views or opinions expressed by the author.

For example, Liang Qichao's "Answer to the Refutation of a Newspaper No.4 on Xinmin Cong Bao": "However, if he dares to argue with reason, he will certainly defeat the important argument of this newspaper."

Wang Xiyan's Men's World? The third neighbor: "Although his tone is humorous, his argument is incisive."

Question 2: What are the views? Contradictions, unity of opposites, negation, quantitative change to qualitative change, dichotomy, relativity, absolute truth and relative truth, materialism and idealism.

Question 3: How many parts are there in the essay? What else is there besides argument? Knowledge points of argumentative reading

Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argumentation. In addition, we must grasp the structure and language of the article.

Cut 1, independent variable. Argumentative writing is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, and it is the soul of argumentative writing. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. The central argument of an argumentative paper is generally put forward at the title, beginning and end of the article. Some articles put forward arguments only after quoting a passage or an event. Some articles don't have a clear central argument, so readers need to summarize it themselves.

2. debate. Argument is the basis for the author to expound or demonstrate his argument. Generally speaking, arguments are divided into two categories: one is factual arguments (including historical facts, typical cases, statistical data, etc. ), and the other is rational argumentation (Marxist-Leninist theory, famous sayings, recognized facts, proverbs, theorems and formulas, principles of natural science, etc.). The factual arguments in argumentative essays must be typical examples that can best reflect the essence of things, and the truth arguments that prove the arguments are all truths that can correctly reflect the objective reality. Fully understanding the meaning of these irrefutable facts and the truth expounded by these theories can help us fully understand the argument. When reading argumentative essays, analyzing arguments is the basis of accurately grasping different emphases of arguments, and it is also the best verification of whether the arguments are correct.

3. demonstrate. Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments, and it is the logical connection between arguments, which directly affects the persuasiveness of arguments. In the process of using arguments to prove arguments, we should use appropriate argumentation methods, which are more powerful, vivid and vivid. Junior high school mainly studies factual argument, citation argument, comparative argument and figurative argument. Fact argument is a method of demonstrating opinions by citing certain facts as needed, and quoting conclusive and typical facts, so that opinions can be strongly supported. Citation argument is a method to demonstrate opinions according to recognized scientific truth, scientific judgment of Marxist-Leninist classic writers and famous sayings. This method embodies the strength of theory and the ideological depth of the article, which can make the discussion authoritative and convincing. Comparative argument is a method of comparing the positive and negative aspects of a thing to demonstrate a point of view. In this way, right and wrong can be contrasted clearly, right and wrong are more distinct, and people are more vivid and profound. Metaphor argument is a kind of argument method to prove the correctness of viewpoint by image metaphor. Because people take familiar things as metaphors, profound truths can be easily understood and accepted.

4. structure The most common structure of argumentative writing is the "total-sub-total" structure, that is, the basic structural model of "introduction-theory-conclusion". There are also argumentative essays with the structure of "total-division" or "division-division", which are relatively rare. There are also some special structures, such as "juxtaposition" structure and "transition" structure, which are divided into "narration-discussion" according to the change of expression.

5. language The main characteristics of argumentative language are accuracy, strictness and vivid feelings. Attention should be paid to understanding the meaning of words in the context, referring to the content of words and modifying the function of restrictive words. The thoughts and feelings of argumentative writing can not be separated from the central argument, so we should pay attention to the feelings between the lines and the expressive functions of sentences such as irony, exclamation, slogan, rhetorical question and double negation. To understand the language of argumentative writing, it is more important to understand and analyze the relationship between sentences and paragraphs. Sentence is a language unit that expresses a complete meaning, so understanding sentences and clarifying the relationship between sentences is the basis of understanding paragraphs. There is also an inseparable relationship between famous paragraphs, which plays a role in explaining the central argument. Therefore, reading the key paragraphs in the text and clarifying the relationship between the key paragraphs and other paragraphs will promote the reading and understanding of the full text.

Question 4: What are arguments and arguments? Argument, also called judgment, in logic, argument is a judgment whose authenticity needs to be confirmed. It is the author's views, opinions and attitudes on the issues discussed. It is the center of the whole argumentation process, shouldering the task of answering "what to demonstrate" and clearly indicating what the author is in favor of and against.

In a long article, arguments are divided into central arguments and sub-arguments.

The central argument is the author's most basic view of the problem under discussion. It is the most important ideological viewpoint put forward by the author in the article, and it is a high generalization and concentration of all arguments.

Sub-arguments are some ideological viewpoints subordinate to and used to elaborate the central argument. Every argument also needs to be demonstrated. Any argument that is proved to be effective becomes a powerful argument at the center of the argument.

Argument is used to prove the basis of an argument. In logic, it is a judgment to determine the truth of a topic. In the proof, it undertakes the task of answering "why".

According to its nature and characteristics, debate can be divided into factual debate and theoretical debate. Factual argument is a true description and generalization of objective things, which has a direct and realistic character, so it is the most convincing argument to prove the argument. The so-called "facts speak louder than words" is the truth. The factual arguments include individual cases, general cases and figures. Theoretical arguments refer to those viewpoints that come from practice and have been proved and tested by long-term practice and come to a correct conclusion. Including the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and * * * thought, the party's line, principles and policies in different periods, scientific definitions, laws, general axioms, common sense, idioms and proverbs.

Question 5: What is the difference between the central argument and the sub-argument?

An article can sometimes have several arguments, one of which is the main one, that is, the central argument; The rest of the arguments are sub-arguments, so we should obey the central argument and demonstrate the central argument from several aspects.

Definition:

The central argument is the author's most basic view of the problem under discussion. It is the most important ideological viewpoint put forward by the author in the article, and it is a high generalization and concentration of all arguments.

Sub-arguments are some ideological viewpoints subordinate to and used to elaborate the central argument. Every argument also needs to be demonstrated. Any argument that is proved to be effective becomes a powerful argument at the center of the argument.

With sub-arguments, the level of the article can be richer, the reasoning can be more sufficient, and the context can be clearer.

take for example

Central argument:

The quality of speech often affects the success or failure of communication.

Sub-argument:

1. Kind words are like honey, which makes people feel comfortable and beautifies interpersonal relationships.

Bad words, like knives, cut off our feelings. -explain the central argument from both positive and negative aspects.

Question 6: What are the basic viewpoints of epistemology? Specific! The first and basic viewpoint of Marxist philosophical epistemology is the practical viewpoint. The dialectical relationship between practice and cognition, on the one hand, practice determines cognition as the basis of cognition. On the other hand, understanding reacts on practice, and correct understanding, truth and scientific theory have greater guiding significance.

Question 7: How many arguments are there for serving the people? What did you write, the sixth grade,

The argument of serving the people is: (serving the people).

Around the argument, the article expounds the revolutionary ranks: (purpose) and (meaning of death), (judgment of right and wrong), (concrete practice) and (forming system) respectively.

Question 8: What's the difference between an argument and an argument?

Argument: It is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed.

Argument: it is the material to prove the argument.

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Question 9: What is the central argument of friendship? What is the main argument? Friendship is very important to life. Key points: Friendship can reconcile people's feelings, and friendship can enhance people's wisdom.

Question 10: What are the arguments in the argumentative paper? Argument: it is the material to support the argument and the reason and basis used by the author to prove the argument.

1. factual argument: the role of facts in argumentative writing is very obvious. Analyze the facts, see the truth clearly, and check whether it is consistent with the logic of the article. Representative examples, conclusive data, reliable historical facts, etc.

2. Reasoning and argumentation: Argumentation is always familiar to readers or generally recognized by society. They are the result of abstracting and summarizing a large number of facts.

Stories are generally not allowed, and their persuasiveness is too weak.

in addition

An argument is your point of view.

The basis for supporting your point of view.

Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments.

① Demonstration with examples: cite conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument;

(2) Reasoning: use the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, famous sayings and aphorisms from domestic and foreign celebrities, and accepted theorem formulas to prove the argument;

③ Comparative argument: compare positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove arguments in comparison;

(4) Metaphorical argument: use familiar things as metaphors to prove the argument. In addition, in refutation, the refutation methods of "attacking shield with spear" and "reducing to absurdity" are often adopted. It is often used comprehensively in most argumentative papers.

⑤ inductive argument, also called "factual argument". Give concrete examples to demonstrate the method of general conclusion.

⑥ Deductive demonstration, also called "theoretical demonstration", is a method to demonstrate individual cases according to general principles or conclusions. That is, to prove particularity with the argument of universality.

⑦ Analogy argument is a method to deduce examples of similar things from known things, that is, an argument method from special to special.

(8) Causal argument, which proves the argument by analyzing things and revealing the causal relationship between arguments and arguments. Causality argument can be proved by causality, effect and causality.

Citation argument: a kind of "reasoning argument", which takes famous sayings as arguments, quotes classics, analyzes problems and explains reasons. There are two ways to quote: one is to explicitly quote and explain who said the quoted words or their sources, and the other is to implicitly quote, that is, not to explain who said the quoted words or their sources.