High-yield cultivation methods of maize. Reasons for unsatisfactory corn yield:
(1) As far as an acre of land is concerned, the ear size of corn varies, from large to small, from long to short, from thick to thin, and the number of rows of seeds per ear varies, including 12, 14, 16 and 18. This is why, why only one maize variety is planted in a plot, and the ear size of maize is different on the same day of sowing, emergence, watering, topdressing, spraying and harvesting? This is because the density of each corn plant is different, so the growth environment, light time, photosynthesis and fertilizer absorption are different, so the ear size of corn is also different.
(2) Because of the problem of density, the length and thickness of maize trees are different, and the male ear, female ear and heading are out of sync, which will affect the pollination time of maize, which is the reason for the different sizes and thicknesses of maize ears; However, corn uses pure nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizers with more nitrogen fertilizer, which leads to early lodging and easy seedless ears of corn. So how can we make the ears of corn grow the same size and thickness? There are three ways:
1, wide row and close planting can not only increase the density, but also create the same growing environment for each corn, that is, one meter wide row and one meter narrow row 15? 20 cm, plant spacing according to 15? 20 cm each, 5000 yuan per mu? 6,000 plants, the main purpose of widening the row spacing is to let each corn see the same light time every day, which is not only ventilated and transparent, but also convenient for farmers to apply fertilizer, spray pesticides, water and work in the field without breaking the leaves of corn.
2. Wide rows of holes are used for sowing, each hole has multiple ears, the row width is one meter, and the hole spacing is one meter, with 5-6 plants per hole and 4000 plants per mu. Not only did it not reduce the number of trees, but it also increased the ventilation and light transmission conditions, so it could interplant other vegetable crops. It's killing two birds with one stone, one season is the best for two seasons, and one acre is the best for two acres.
3. Now there is a clear liquid fertilizer with complete nutrients and trace elements, which can adjust the emergence time, photosynthesis, vegetative growth and reproductive growth functions, and also adjust the emergence time of large and small seedlings. We can use it for seed dressing to adjust the emergence time, and then spray it on the leaves three or four times. The big seedlings and small seedlings basically look the same, the corn trees look the same, and the ears of corn are the same. The method is to put the bought corn seeds in the sun in the newspaper, coat the seeds for one day and leave them uncoated for three days, and then before sowing, 1? For three consecutive days, 50 grams of clear liquid fertilizer with the above total nutrients and trace elements and 200 grams of mixed water were used to sow 8? 10 kg, so that the emergence time can be adjusted, and the drought-resistant water-retaining agent can also be used for seed dressing in water-deficient areas. This way of treating seeds, whether it is covering with plastic film in spring, interplanting wheat before wheat harvest, and sowing corn directly after wheat harvest, is very suitable and the effect is ideal.
Second, individual high-water and fertile fields and individual farmers' science and technology enthusiasts can also try the second-generation hybrid technology of corn. That is to say, four corn varieties are mixed together by seed dressing, and then sown in the above way, so that each corn has a chance to cross with several other corn for the second time, which can prolong the pollination time of corn, increase the pollination quantity of corn, improve the pollination rate of corn and reduce the adverse effects caused by rainy and foggy weather.
Third, rational and scientific fertilization, fertilizer is the basis for increasing production and income of various crops. Fertilizer is the treasure of crops, and it can't grow without it. Every flower of the crop depends on fertilizer. Unreasonable use of fertilizer leads to yield problems, insufficient use of fertilizer and discounted income. Corn is a crop that likes light, water and fertilizer. There used to be a saying that corn is a big-bellied man who can eat, drink and cook well, so fertilization should be reasonable, scientific and timely. According to the provisions of the national fertilizer technology policy and the technical requirements of rational fertilization, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, in corn 4? Before 6 leaves, 50 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer with basically equal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content should be applied in the border as soon as possible, or it can be seeded with seed fertilizer in cooperation with a seeder. Not much nitrogen fertilizer is used for the first time, so corn may not lodging; For the second time, topdressing high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 30? 50 kg, high-yield fertilization can be applied in furrow or spot, but it should not be too close to corn seedlings, but below the drip line of corn leaves. If there is a chelating fertilizer containing directional absorption factor, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and not afraid of sun exposure, it can be directly applied and the effect is better.
Four, field management and pest control, management is the guarantee of increasing production and income of various crops. According to the national fertilizer technology policy, it is the spirit of a basic agricultural policy in China in 2 1 century to apply trace element fertilizers regularly, reasonably and continuously on the basis of applying sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to crops. According to the physiological characteristics of corn, whitening may occur before the four leaves of corn, rough dwarf disease may occur after the four leaves of corn, and the harm of midges and borers, 8? Brown spot, smut, stem rot and rust may also occur after 10 leaves. Ostrinia furnacalis 12 leaves begin to lay eggs, and when it becomes larvae, it harms the ear of corn and reduces the yield of corn. Therefore, in order to cooperate with pest control, it is suggested that clear liquid fertilizer100g containing total nutrients and trace elements, high-efficiency bactericide15g and bifenthrin 20 ml mixed with a bucket of water should be sprayed on the corn field once every seven days from the four-leaf stage, generally taking five times as the standard. It is better to prevent disease early than to cure it. If there is prevention, there is no treatment, and if there is no prevention, there must be treatment. The preventive effect will increase the output, and the therapeutic effect will reduce the income. The plots that need watering should be watered in time to prevent drought, but it is best to water them in the morning, so that corn can grow healthily and increase yield.
5. Harvesting, drying and storage. Wheat should be cut raw, corn should be cooked, and corn should be harvested when more than 60% of corn bracts are foamed and loose. Harvesting corn too early will reduce the yield. After harvest, the ears of corn should be shelled and dried in time. If the ear of corn with bracts is left for a long time, it will be moldy in rainy days. The peeled ears of corn need to be dried in the sun before threshing can begin. If threshing is done early, the seeds will be easily broken, resulting in artificial yield reduction. After drying, the corn kernels can be stored in the warehouse. Through practice, the corn yield of this technology has been greatly improved, which is really satisfactory.
High-yield cultivation techniques of maize. Variety selection and seed coating.
1, select improved varieties according to local conditions. According to the local light and heat resources and cultivation system, selecting suitable varieties requires high yield, high quality, wide adaptability, multi-resistance and high seed quality. Haihe brand maize hybrid enjoys a good reputation both inside and outside the province, and is the first choice and safe seed for farmers and friends. The maturity of Haihe series maize varieties is different, which is suitable for seed cleaning, spatial comparison, plastic film mulching and other cultivation forms.
2. The varieties selected for plastic film mulching cultivation are longer than local naked corn 10 days? 15 days is better.
3. Seed coating agent: Seed coating agent contains pesticides, protective agents, drought-resistant agents and trace elements. It can effectively control soil-borne diseases such as underground pests and head smut at seedling stage, make seedlings robust and lay the foundation for high yield.
Second, fine soil preparation, timely harrowing and moisture conservation.
Intensive cultivation of soil can achieve soft, fine, flat and good permeability, and improve the performance of water and fertilizer conservation. Rake flat in time after soil preparation to preserve moisture.
Third, sow early in time to improve sowing quality.
1. Timely early sowing can make full use of the light and heat resources in early spring, miss the big occurrence period of pests and diseases, miss the high temperature and rainy weather of flowering, make the seeds fully mature and increase the grain weight.
2. Improving the sowing quality is the main measure to ensure seedling gas and Miao Zhuang. Do the same spacing between plants, the same ditching depth and the same covering thickness, and suppress them in time after sowing.
3. Plastic film mulching cultivation must be compacted to prevent strong wind from uncovering the film. The film covering time should be determined according to local natural conditions.
Four, reasonable close planting, establish a good group structure.
According to the variety characteristics, production conditions, management level, soil conditions, cultivation methods, etc. Determine the appropriate density, so that the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear and the grain weight can be coordinated with each other, and the group advantage can be brought into play.
Fifth, strengthen field management to ensure increased production and income.
1. Build seedlings early, remove the weak ones, and keep the strong ones, so that there is little difference in population growth and the number of non-selfing plants in the field is reduced.
2. Strengthen intertillage weeding and shovel in time. Haihe River 1 and 2 belong to the varieties with long stalks and big spikes, so do a good job of squatting seedlings to prevent lodging in the middle and late stages.
3, seed formula fertilization
According to the law of fertilizer demand for jade materials, such as the level of soil fertilizer supply, adequate fertilizer should be applied, seedling fertilizer should be early, ear fertilizer should be heavy, and grain fertilizer should be supplemented; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the main elements, while zinc and manganese are the trace elements. Specific practice: foot fat. Apply high-quality decomposed agricultural fertilizer 1000- 1500 kg, urea 1 0-5 kg, diammonium phosphate 20-25 kg, potassium sulfate 15 kg and zinc fertilizer 1.5 per mu.
When corn grows to thirteen leaves (that is, when half a man is tall), it is used for the first time? Rich people? Spraying synergistic calcium on plant leaves, spraying synergistic calcium for the second time before heading, spraying it for the third time after fifteen days and spraying it for the last time after fifteen to twenty days can increase the average yield of corn by as much as 15%. It is worth noting that every time the plant synergistic calcium is used, it is diluted 500 times and sprayed on the leaves to avoid high temperature and rainy days. In addition, the following points should be noted:
(1) Don't topdress too late. Farmers are used to topdressing before and after tasseling, but they don't know that they have missed the best period at this time.
(2) Don't bombard topdressing. When sowing, apply all the fertilizers as seed fertilizer at one time, or sprinkle all the fertilizers when watering the plastic film.
(3) Don't look up to heaven for topdressing. Regardless of the growth characteristics of corn, wait until it rains before topdressing.
It is very difficult to prevent the above three situations and apply fertilizer well.
4. Strengthen water resources management. Dry irrigation and drainage.
5. Artificial pollination. Artificial pollination can be carried out in the case of strong wind, high temperature or continuous rainy weather. The specific methods are as follows: after 9: 00 a.m. on sunny days, fresh pollen is collected after dew is dried, glume and anther are removed, and a little powder is dipped with a brush to make it into filaments, which can effectively improve the seed setting rate, reduce the occurrence of bald tips and lack of grains, and achieve full ears.
6, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases
Strengthen the prevention and control of corn borer, armyworm and ear aphid, and reduce the losses caused by pests and diseases.
Sixth, timely harvest.
More than 90% of the plants in the whole field turn yellow, the ears and bracts wither and become loose, and the seeds become hard. When the seed color appears, it is completely mature and should be harvested in time.