The word gymnastics comes from Greek, which means naked skill, and it was related to naked practice at that time. Gymnastics has a long history in China, India, Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome. Breathing gymnastics, which originated in ancient times and is called yoga, is still widely spread in India. Modern competitive gymnastics began in Europe in the18th century, and there are two major schools: German gymnastics and Swedish gymnastics.

There were men's gymnastics competitions in the first Olympic Games from 65438 to 0896, but the events in the early Olympic Games were quite chaotic, including running, long jump and rope climbing. In the 1920s, the International Gymnastics Federation established modern competitive gymnastics with Germany and Sweden. Men have six events: floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bar, while women have four events: floor exercise, uneven bars, balance beam and vault, which are divided into team events, individual all-around events and individual events.

team competition

Six athletes from each team participated in the competition, and each individual event performed the required movements first, and then performed the optional movements. The top five scores of the two movements add up to determine the ranking, and the one with more scores ranks first. 600 points for men and 400 points for women. The top 36 athletes who won the individual all-around competition in the team competition participated in the all-around final. The top eight athletes in each individual event participate in the individual finals. Men's and women's team events were listed as Olympic events in 1904 and 1928 respectively.

Individual all-around competition

Also known as the individual all-around final. A maximum of 3 athletes from each team will participate in the competition, and the top 36 athletes in the individual all-around team competition are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. One-half of the total score of each individual's required action and optional action in the team competition, plus the score of individual all-around final optional action, is the final score, and the highest score ranks first. Full marks for men 120, and 80 for women. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team points have not been brought into the all-around competition, and the ranking is determined only by the competition results of self-selected movements. 60 points for men and 40 points for women. Men's and women's individual all-around events were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1952 respectively.

free exercise

/kloc-originated in Germany in the 0/9th century. Complete the arrangement of complete sets of unarmed and technical movements within the specified venue and time. Site area12×12m, carpet or elastic floor. The competition time is 50 to 70 seconds for men and 70 to 90 seconds for women. 10 World Gymnastics Championships stipulated that women's floor exercises must be accompanied by music. 1903 became the event of the World Gymnastics Championships. In the floor exercise finals, at most two athletes from each team participate in the competition, and only the top eight or six athletes in the team floor exercise are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. Half of the total scores of team athletes' required movements and optional movements, plus the final scores of optional movements, are ranked as the final scores, and the highest scores rank first. Full marks for both men and women are 20 points. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team scores have not been brought into individual events, but only self-selected performance has been used to determine the ranking, and both men and women have a perfect score of 10. Men's and women's floor exercises were listed as Olympic events in 1932 and 1952 respectively.

Pommel horse/pommel horse

From the vault. 1804, the famous German gymnast Gutz Mutz replaced the saddle on the wooden horse with a pair of iron rings, and the iron rings at the back were replaced with wooden rings, forming the present pommel horse. Men's events. In the pommel horse final, each team has no more than two athletes. Only the top eight or six pommel horse athletes in team events are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. Half of the total scores of required and optional movements of team athletes, plus the results of optional movements in pommel horse finals, are ranked as the final results, with the highest score ranking first. The perfect score is 20. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team points are no longer brought into individual events, and the ranking is only determined by the competition results of optional movements. The perfect score is 10. 1896 is listed as an Olympic event.

ring

Originated in France, its formation is related to acrobatic rope hanging performance. Then it was introduced to Italy and Germany. Shpis made the first pair of rings in the world in 1842, which was originally an auxiliary means of gymnastics training and became an independent men's competition in the second half of 19 century. The rings are made of wood and round, suspended on a vertical frame with a height of 5.80 meters and a spacing of 50 cm. The wooden ring and the steel cable are connected by a belt or canvas belt, and the length can be adjusted. In the final of rings, each team has at most two athletes to participate in the competition. Only those who rank in the top eight or six in the team competition are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. Half of the total scores of required and optional movements of team athletes, plus the results of optional movements in the ring finals, are ranked as the final results, with the highest score ranking first. The perfect score is 20. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team points are no longer brought into individual events, and the ranking is only determined by the competition results of optional movements. The perfect score is 10. 1896 is listed as an Olympic event.

pommel/side horse

Riding training originated in the late Roman Empire. The first jump was a real horse, and later it was replaced by a wooden horse with a similar shape and a saddle. 17 19, the horse legs were replaced by columns. 1795, Weiss in Germany removed the horse's head for the first time. 18 1 1, Yang removed the horse's ponytail and changed the two ends into circles. The horse's body is made of leather. 1836, Shpits performed vault for the first time in the school gymnastics festival. 1877 Germany stipulated that vault must run up in six steps, cross the horse from the front and do 1 ~ 2 supporting actions. The length of the horse is 1.60m, and the height of the horse is 1.35m for men and 1.20m for women. In the vault final, no more than two athletes from each team can participate, and only the athletes who rank in the top eight or six in the vault in the team competition are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. As the final result, half of the total scores of the required movements and optional movements in the team competition, plus the results of the optional movements in the vault final, ranked first with the highest score. Full marks for both men and women are 20 points. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team scores have not been brought into individual events, but only self-selected performance has been used to determine the ranking, and both men and women have a perfect score of 10. Male and female vault were listed as Olympic events in 1896 and 1952 respectively.

parallel bars

Originated in Germany. 18 1 1 year, German gymnast Yang installed this gymnastics equipment for the first time in the Hasenhead Gymnasium on the outskirts of Berlin. Originally a gymnastics training method, 65438-2009 became an independent event in the 1940s. The parallel bars are composed of four pillars and two parallel wooden poles. The horizontal bar is 3.50 meters long, and the spacing and height of the two bars can be adjusted. In the final of parallel bars, at most two athletes from each team will participate, and the top eight or six athletes in the team parallel bars will be eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. Half of the total scores of the required movements and optional movements of the team athletes, plus the results of the optional movements in the parallel bars final, are regarded as the final scores, and the highest scores rank first. The perfect score is 20. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team points are no longer brought into individual events, and the ranking is only determined by the competition results of optional movements. The perfect score is 10. 1896 is listed as an Olympic event.

horizontal bar

Originated in Germany. /kloc-at the end of 0/8, acrobatic performances in western European countries showed the action of grasping the steel wire and making a big loop. Inspired by this, in 18 1 1, German gymnast Yang replaced the steel wire in acrobatic performance with wooden poles in the Hasenhead Gymnasium on the outskirts of Berlin, and installed the world's first horizontal bar Bufo for the first time. 18 12 years, the wooden poles were changed to iron poles and then to steel poles, which increased the flexibility and endurance of wooden poles. 65438+ became an independent event in1920s. The bar is 240 meters long, 2.8 cm in diameter and 2.55 ~ 2.75 meters high. The two ends of the cross bar are fixed on the column respectively. In the horizontal bar final, at most two athletes from each team participate in the competition. Only those who rank in the top eight or six in the horizontal bar in the team competition are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. Half of the total scores of the required and optional movements of the team athletes, plus the results of the optional movements in the horizontal bar finals, are the final scores, and the highest scores rank first. The perfect score is 20. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team points are no longer brought into individual events, and the ranking is only determined by the competition results of optional movements. The perfect score is 10. 1896 is listed as an Olympic event.

uneven bars

Started in Europe. Women's gymnastics rose in Europe in the second half of the19th century. At first, they used the same gymnastics equipment as men. After the 1920s, medical professionals believed that the horizontal bar, parallel bars, pommel horse and other equipment exercises were too harmful to health, and women engaged in these events would affect their health. Therefore, the horizontal bar and pommel horse events were cancelled, and one of the parallel bars was lowered to form an inclined shape, so that the hands, feet and body contacted the equipment during practice and dispersed the load. The horizontal pole is made of FRP, oval, 2.40m long, 2.30m high and1.50m low, and the distance between the two poles can be adjusted between1.10 ~1.40m. In the uneven bars final, at most two athletes from each team participate in the competition. Only the top eight or six uneven bars in the team competition are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. Half of the total scores of the required movements and optional movements of the team athletes, plus the results of the optional movements in the uneven bars final, are regarded as the final scores, and the highest scores rank first. The perfect score is 20. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team points are no longer brought into individual events, and the ranking is only determined by the competition results of optional movements. The perfect score is 10. 1952 is listed as an Olympic event.

balance beam

Originated in Roman times before BC. /kloc-at the end of 0/8, German gymnasts used it as an auxiliary equipment for gymnastics training, and then it was introduced to European and American countries. At first, the balance beam was round, and its two ends and middle part were supported by brackets. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, German gymnast Gutz Mutz designed the balance beam as a plane and put it on the ground. 1845 became a women's gymnastics event. The balance beam is a square batten, with a length of 5m, a width of10cm and a height of1.20m above the ground. In the balance beam final, at most two athletes from each team participate in the competition. Only the top eight or six on the team balance beam are eligible to participate. Only better than voluntary movement. Half of the total scores of the required movements and optional movements of the team athletes, plus the results of the optional movements in the balance beam finals, are the final scores, and the highest scores rank first. The perfect score is 20. Since the 1992 Olympic Games, team points are no longer brought into individual events, and the ranking is only determined by the competition results of optional movements. The perfect score is 10. 1952 is listed as an Olympic event.

In the 28th Olympic Games in 2004, there were 14 events for men and women, and 98 athletes participated in each event.

Gymnastics competitions for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games will be held in the Olympic Indoor Gymnasium (Gymnastics and Trampoline) in Oka and the Olympic Gymnasium (Rhythmic Gymnastics) in Galac. The former can accommodate 1.5 million spectators, while the latter can accommodate 6,000 spectators. The gymnastics competition will last for 8 days. From August 14 to 23, there will be 98 male athletes and 98 female athletes from 35 countries and regions. The trampoline competition will be held from August 20th to 2nd1day. There will be 16 male players and 16 female players from about 20 countries and regions. The rhythmic gymnastics competition will be held from August 26th to 29th, and 80 athletes from 20 countries and regions will take part in the competition.

On August 24th, the performance gymnastics competition of Olympic champion and world champion will be held in the Olympic Indoor Pavilion.