First, early management. At the stage of plant growth and development, the optimum growth temperature is 25℃-28℃ during the day and 18℃-20℃ at night. The optimum growth temperature at seedling stage is 23℃. When the temperature is higher than 35℃ or 10℃, the growth stops. The temperature of fresh seedlings should be lower than 20℃, the relative humidity of air should be kept at 70-80%, and the illumination should be controlled at 1000 lux. After a transition period, the light gradually increased to 10000 lux and continued to 15000 lux.
Fertilizer and water management at seedling stage plays an important role. After 3-5 days of tissue culture, the bottle should not be fertilized and watered, and must be disinfected immediately. Carbendazim 1000 times of foliar disinfection, spraying ABT three times the next day. After a transition period of 3-5 days, apply fertilizer for the first time, and spray 10 in large quantities (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 30:10:10)1800 times, taking the peat as the standard. Spraying foliar fertilizer 2500 times a day costs a lot of 10 (30: 10: 10). One week later, the second seedlings were irrigated with dry and wet fertilizers, and the principles of high nitrogen, low phosphorus and low blood potassium were applied.
After 4 months of incubation, the seedlings grew into seedlings. You should change the jar. The air tightness of plants is natural, and the muscle tension of fists and palms is below standard. Air tightness can be flexible, but there must be a unified standard. The basic management of seedling stage is similar to that of seedling stage, but the light can be increased to 20000 lux. A large amount of 8, 1 (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 20: 10: 20 and 20: 20: 20 respectively) is used alternately. At the seedling stage, pay attention to the trend and grow new leaves. Generally, things should be placed and leaves should be twisted regularly. Principles of low nitrogen, high phosphorus and high potassium fertilization.
After 4-6 months of seedling raising, the seedlings enter the big seedling stage. In the management method of seedlings, a large number of 1 (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 20:20:20) is adopted for fertilization.
Second, post-management flowering management is part of the latter's growth. Promote the low temperature of Phalaenopsis flowering, so in addition to fine management, temperature should also be controlled. First, after keeping the temperature above 20℃ for 2 months, when the temperature drops below 65438 08℃ at night, within 45 days after flower bud formation. The temperature of flower bud formation is maintained at 18-20℃ at night and at 25-28℃ during the day. For the column that blooms after 3-4 months, the flowering temperature is slightly lower, but not lower than 15℃, so it is necessary to build a column with prominent terminal buds and lodging, but the column has not been erected before the stem elongation, and the space is thickened by the elongation of the left stem tied to the column.
Water and fertilizer management of flowers is particularly important. Water should be done in the morning 10, so as not to spill water on the flowers. The exhaust fan discharges water, and fresh air flows, as long as it can disperse the residual moisture. Fertilization takes a lot of 2 (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:30:20) 1000 times, which depends on the actual situation of Phalaenopsis.
Phalaenopsis is sensitive to soft rot and gray spot. The infectivity of rapid soft rot disease, once found, isolate the diseased strain immediately. The representative of manganic acid is biological control of plant diseases. General disinfection 1 time required 15 days. New technologies in rural areas
Phalaenopsis protection
Cultivation substrates: weeds and mosses are common cultivation substrates of Phalaenopsis.
2, temperature: family Phalaenopsis must first ensure the temperature. Phalaenopsis likes high temperature and high humidity environment, and the lowest temperature should be kept above 15℃, and the optimum temperature for Phalaenopsis growth is 16℃ to 30℃. In autumn and winter, winter and spring, the temperature is low in winter, so we should pay attention to warming up. In winter, it is difficult to reach the temperature in a room with heating equipment, but be careful not to put it directly on the radiator or too close. Cool down in summer and pay attention to ventilation. If the temperature is higher than 32℃, Phalaenopsis usually enters a semi-dormant state to avoid continuous high temperature. During the flowering period around the Spring Festival, proper cooling can prolong the observation time. At the best flowering time, the night temperature should be controlled at 13℃ to 16℃, but not lower than 13℃.
3, watering: Phalaenopsis is native to the virgin forest, and the temperature is high in foggy days. Phalaenopsis is thick and pseudobulb if the temperature is lower than the wrinkles of leaves and it stores nutrients weakly. Therefore, Phalaenopsis cultivation should be ventilated to protect the environment with high humidity. The suitable air humidity of Phalaenopsis is 50-80%. The roots of Phalaenopsis should be watered more in the vigorous period and less in the dormant period after flowering. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, water it once every afternoon after five o'clock. In summer, plants grow vigorously. Water once a day, from nine to five in the afternoon. Once every two weeks, the temperature is low and the water is full, which should be before 10 am. When the cold wave strikes, it is not advisable to water it to keep it dry, and wait until the cold wave is watered more. The principle of watering is dry and wet. When the surface of the cultivation substrate is dried and watered again, the water temperature should be close to room temperature. Indoor dry air can be sprayed directly on the leaves with a sprayer. You can see that there is moisture in the leaves, but be careful not to spray flowers when flowering. Tap water should be stored for more than 72 hours before watering.
4 lights: Phalaenopsis is shading, but it is still necessary to let the blue line receive some light, especially the appropriate light can promote the blooming of Phalaenopsis, and the gorgeous flowers will last for a long time. Generally, it should be placed indoors where there is scattered light, not in the direct sunlight.
Ventilation: The normal growth of Phalaenopsis needs flowing fresh air, so it must be well ventilated, especially when the humidity is high in summer. Phalaenopsis in China must be well ventilated to prevent heatstroke, but it can also avoid the infection of pests and diseases.
Nutrition: Phalaenopsis should be fertilized all year round. Don't stop fertilizing unless the temperature is low for a long time. During the flower bud differentiation of Phalaenopsis in winter, stopping fertilization is likely to lead to no or few flowers. In the growing season, spring and summer, the application of thin liquid fertilizer should be applied every 7- 10 days, or special nutrient solution for Phalaenopsis can be applied, but don't apply it if there are buds, otherwise the first buds of each leaf will fall off. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer after summer leaf flowering. Phosphate fertilizer can be used in the stem season in autumn and winter, but it should be carefully managed, about once every 2-3 weeks. After fertilizing, watering and fertilizing several times, in the afternoon, a lot of water is needed to wash the orchid pots and plants to avoid the residual inorganic salts from hurting the roots.
7. Management: The flowering period is generally around the Spring Festival, and the viewing period can last for 2 to 3 months. When flowers wither, they should be cut off as soon as possible, which can reduce the consumption of nutrients. If the stem is cut off from the base of node 4? Flowering again after 5.2-3 months. However, such plant nutrition, excessive consumption, is not conducive to the growth in the next few years. If you want to plant flowers well, this is the best basis for cutting stems. When the matrix is aging, it should be replaced in time. Otherwise, poor permeability will cause root rot, weak plant growth and even death. It is usually appropriate to change pots when new leaves grow in May.
There are four reasons for the failure of training:
1, watering too often: friends who plant Phalaenopsis are always worried about the lack of water. No matter whether the cultivation substrate is dry or not, watering every day will lead to serious rot.
2, the temperature is too low: in most cases, Phalaenopsis generally blooms in early spring, and it is generally bought home to enjoy. Wait in the living room. Although the temperature in these places is enough during the day, it is a little low at night. On the other hand, most professionals cultivate good equipment in the orchid greenhouse. In contrast, the lack of temperature and humidity at home often makes plants weaker and weaker. So sometimes, no matter how good the orchid is, it still doesn't protect itself.
Excessive fertilization: fertilization equipment, do not pay attention to the concentration, I think the right fertilizer will grow faster. Note that Phalaenopsis fertilizer should be applied thinly for dozens of times. Remember "tonic", don't overdo it or backfire.
4 small plants and big pots: I think big pots can give Phalaenopsis a relaxed environment and have enough materials. In fact, a large pot of plants is not easy to dry. It should be noted that Phalaenopsis likes ventilation, and the general principle is comfortable air.
Changing basin
1。 Choice of pot: generally used for unglazed ceramic pot or plastic pot, porous pot is better, shallow pot is easy to breathe, and pot height is better than diameter.
2。 Selection of culture medium: A typical epiphytic orchid of Phalaenopsis, its rooting culture medium must have the characteristics of looseness, ventilation, good air permeability and rot resistance. According to the author's experience, the improvement of Phalaenopsis in the north should relax needles, peanut shells and bark silk as substrates. One pot must be planted every year, which leads to rot and shrinkage, poor air permeability and longer blue line. If the pot is not changed in time, it will be a serious economic recession or even death.
3。 Time and method of changing pots: The best time for changing pots of Phalaenopsis is spring and early summer, and the temperature is above 20℃. After flowering, new roots will grow. When changing pots, cut off the stems first, gently remove the old roots dug by the fingers of the lower old carcass with the original nutrition pot, and cut off the roots to reduce rust. The crumbs at the bottom of the pot pave the way. When the sterile wet pine needles reach the pelvic cavity, put a Phalaenopsis root on the first floor, spread it evenly in the basin, and then gently compact the blue thread on the pine needles. When planting, you should pay attention to spraying blue lines at the roots, which is the same height as the basin edge, and then place them in a well-ventilated place indoors. During this period, there is no need to fertilize, just spray management and proper watering, and the buds can grow normally after one month.
Second, the temperature
Phalaenopsis is mainly distributed in tropical low-altitude coastal areas, and the optimum growth and cultivation temperature is 25℃~ 28℃ during the day and 18℃~ 20℃ at night. Phalaenopsis is very sensitive, the temperature is low, and 15℃ stops growing for a long time. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the roots absorb water, and the long-term necrotic leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off. The indoor temperature in northern China can't reach 15℃ in the winter of the previous year and the early spring of the next year, which is the most difficult to protect this year. The blue line should be placed indoors in the sunrise and watered less. If necessary, the blue line should be bagged and insulated at night.
Third, water.
Phalaenopsis likes humidity, but avoids water accumulation. There is no shortage of water in the growing season. If there is water shortage for a long time, the leaves will turn yellow and cannot be remedied. Pine needles cultivated in Phalaenopsis do not accumulate water. Sprinkle water on the bottom of the basin with a watering can. Always sprinkle water around the orchid pot to keep the air moist, but be careful not to accumulate water in the heart of the orchid leaf, especially on the leaves that are forbidden to spray water on winter nights.
Fourth, fertilization.
Phalaenopsis has a fast growth rate and a long growth cycle, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently. When the blue line changed pots, there was no fertilization in recovery. From June to September, during the blue line growing period, it should be used once a week, so that foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used alternately, or organic fertilizer can be fermented with water, and it is conditional to buy special fertilizer for orchids and "precious" liquid fertilizer to dilute foliar spray and cultivation substrate by 2000 times. After stopping fertilization in hot summer, water and fertilizer can be applied. In late autumn, the growth of blue line slows down, so fertilization should be reduced, which often leads to excessive fertilization and strong blue line, which affects the formation of flower buds and hinders flowering.
Fifth, ventilated and cool place.
Phalaenopsis likes ventilation to avoid high temperature, poor ventilation, root rot and economic growth of the poor. In winter, the temperature is low, and it is ventilated for a short time on a sunny day at noon, and the blue line is not blown directly at the tuyere. Phalaenopsis is attached to the pavilion in the jungle in a natural state, forming a habit, like semi-shade. Shadows of family plants, shadows in winter, spring and autumn, strong sunshine and high temperature in summer, so special attention should be paid to strengthening ventilation.
, flowering management
Due to the limitation of temperature and humidity, Phalaenopsis at home can only grow 2-3 leaves a year. One leaf is solitary, and two leaves with buds in the middle form flower buds. The temperature is 18℃? The top 0 C can be protected by 3-4. When the flower stem is pulled out, it is temporarily supported in the flowerpot for the first time to prevent the stem from lodging, and several stems are repaired to prevent the stem from breaking. When the direction of the flowerpot cannot be rotated, the bud grows for the first time, otherwise the direction of the Chinese orchid will be inconsistent. The flowering temperature should be controlled at 65438 05℃ to 65438 08℃, and ventilation and humidity should be strengthened. The flowering period is April.
Seven. control of insect
1。 Leaf spot: mainly occurs on leaves. Small spots appeared on the leaves at the early stage of the disease, and then developed into nearly circular lesions. The yellow circle on the edge of the lesion is soaked in water and the boundary is clear. Prevention and treatment methods: strengthen ventilation, reduce air humidity and cut off diseased leaves. At the onset stage, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was sprayed with 800 times solution, every 10 day 1 time, and sprayed continuously for 3 times.
2。 Tomato gray mold: it occurs in spring, when the temperature and humidity are low, small brown spots appear on ordinary white petals, which can lead to soft rot in severe cases. Prevention and treatment methods: strengthen ventilation, reduce humidity, and immediately cut off diseased flowers. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder was sprayed with 1000 times solution, once every 10 day and twice continuously.
3。 Brown spot disease: it occurs in hot and humid weather in summer, mainly on leaves. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves were small round spots, and then gradually expanded into large-scale lesions with dark brown color. In severe cases, the leaves will turn black and wither. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. At the initial stage of onset, spray 80 times 10% Polaroid (polyoxin) every two weeks.
4。 Scale insects: The most common pest of Phalaenopsis occurs in autumn and winter, and the indoor ventilation is not smooth, which leads to the harm of scale insects. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to ventilation, don't place it too close, scrub scale insects with blue thread and a small amount of soft cloth, and kill pests repeatedly.