basic feature
Helianthus annuus, also known as sunflower, is a large annual sunflower in Compositae, with a height of 3 meters. Its discoid inflorescence can be as wide as 30 cm. Named after the inflorescence rotates with the sun. Sunflower stems can be as long as 3 meters and flower heads can reach 30 centimeters.
1. Name
Scientific name/Latin name: sunflower
English name: sunflower
Alias: sunflower, sunflower, sunflower, sunflower.
Flower language: silent love and admiration.
2. Biological classification
Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia
Objective: To study the Asteraceae of Chrysanthemum.
Family: Compositae
Genus: sunflower
Type: Sunflower
Fruit type: achene
Fruit name: sunflower seeds, commonly known as melon seeds
3. Introduction
1 panicum miliaceum,1~ 3m high. The stems are erect, stout, round, angular and covered with white coarse bristles. Leaves are usually alternate, heart-shaped, ovate or ovoid, with acute or acuminate apex, 3 veins at the base, coarsely serrated edges, rough sides and long hairy stalks. Head inflorescence, extremely large, 10~30 cm in diameter, solitary at the top of stem or branch, often inclined downward. The involucral bracts are multi-layered, leafy, imbricate, hairy, flowering in summer, with yellow tongue-shaped flowers at the edge of inflorescence, which is fruitless. The middle of the inflorescence is a bisexual tubular flower, brown or purple, solid. Achene, obovate or ovoid oblong, slightly flat, with lignified pericarp, gray or black, commonly known as sunflower seeds. Sex is warm and drought-tolerant. Native to North America, it is cultivated all over the world.
Sunflower plants consist of five parts: roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits.
(1) The root of sunflower is composed of taproot, lateral root and fibrous root. Buried depth of taproot, generally100 ~ 200 cm; Lateral roots grow from the main roots and grow laterally; There are many fibrous roots on the lateral roots. Lateral roots and fibrous roots are covered with root hairs. Sunflower root system is developed, widely and deeply distributed in soil, of which about 60% root system is distributed in 0~40 cm soil layer. Sunflower roots have been growing faster than stems. Roots grow fastest before and after disc formation. When the seeds begin to mature, the roots stop growing and then wither gradually. In addition, a large number of water roots (like the aerial roots of corn) can grow under suitable conditions.
(2) The stems are round and erect, with rough surface and bristles. The stem consists of cortex, xylem and sponge pulp. In the late growth stage, the stem is lignified, while the pith in the stem is hollow. The embryo stem of sunflower is green, lavender and deep purple, which is an important symbol for identifying varieties at seedling stage. The stem height varies greatly among different varieties, and the plant height of the same variety is also greatly influenced by sowing date and cultivation conditions. From budding to flowering, the growth rate of stems is the fastest, at which time the growth height accounts for about 55% of the total height, and then the growth rate slows down, accounting for only about 5%. The branching of sunflower is determined by heredity, which is caused by environmental conditions.
(3) The leaves of leafy sunflowers are divided into cotyledons and true leaves. A pair of cotyledons. True leaves are often opposite in the lower part of the stem 1~3 nodes, and alternate in the upper part. True leaves are relatively large, with short and hard bristles on the leaves and petioles, which are covered with a layer of wax. The number of leaves varies with varieties, with 25-32 leaves for early-maturing varieties and 33-40 leaves for late-maturing varieties. The leaves at the lower part of the stem make nutrients before flowering, which are mainly used for root growth, and the function basically ends when flowering. Nutrients made by middle and upper leaves are mainly supplied to the disk to promote seed formation.
(4) The flowering sunflower is the flower head, which is inserted at the top of the stem, commonly known as the disk. Its shapes are convex, flat and concave. There are two kinds of flowers on the disk, namely tongue-shaped flowers and tubular flowers. Tongue-shaped flowers 1~3 layers, inserted on the periphery of the disk, reproduce asexually. Its color and size vary with varieties, including orange yellow, light yellow and purplish red, which can attract insects to collect honey and pollinate. Tubular flowers, located in the tongue-shaped flowers, are bisexual flowers. The colors of corolla are yellow, brown, deep purple and so on.
(5) The fruit is achene, which is used to be called seed. Fruit includes pericarp, seed coat, cotyledon and embryo. Edible seeds are long, with black and white stripes and thick skins, accounting for more than 40% of the seed weight, and the 1000-grain weight is100 ~ 200g. Oil seeds are short and small, with black skin and thin skin, accounting for about 20%~30% of the seed weight, and the 1000-grain weight is 40 ~ 1 10g.
Sunflowers were introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty. At present, the earliest known sunflower literature is Qunfangpu written by Wang in Ming Dynasty (162 1). There is no "sunflower" in this book, but "Zhang Ju" is attached to "three chrysanthemums". The original text is as follows: "Zhang Ju-this dinner-Angelababy. The name of "Incense Day" can be found in Wen Zhenheng's Chronicles of Longevity (about 1635). 1820, Xie Fang said that sunflowers can be seen everywhere, both ornamental and edible. This shows that sunflower is widely planted in China.
Poets of past dynasties wrote relatively few poems about sunflowers, and each poem focused on the idea of loyalty to the monarch: "bandits regard flowers as beauty and their hearts as the sun." Lonely and loyal, if there is constant virtue. "Li Zan's four poems are very representative. Sima Guang wrote in the poem "Early Summer in the Guest": "Because there is no catkin in the wind, only sunflower depends on the sun. "The ambition of chanting flowers is related to character." Sunflowers lean towards the sun, Chen Si's Biography of Wang Zhi published: "If the sunflower leaves, the sun will not shine, but it will be sincere." Du Fu also wrote a poem, "Sunflowers are inclined to the sun, and physical properties are hard to take away. Song Dynasty poet Cai's Sunflower said, "It's a pity that you don't move because of the sunset. Liu Changqing's Ode to Sunflowers in the Shade of the Wall said: "There is always no sun here, and Qingqing is alone in the shade. The sun is not as good as it is. "It's so considerate to defend the faithful sunflower.
4. Morphological characteristics Sunflowers can be used all year round, mainly in summer and winter. The flowering period can last for more than two weeks. Sunflowers are shaped like the sun, with bright and generous flowers, which are suitable for ornamental decoration. Her seeds have more economic value, not only can be made into popular sunflower seeds, but also can extract high-grade edible sunflower oil with low cholesterol. Sunflower varieties can be divided into "general ornamental" varieties or "edible" varieties. General ornamental varieties are characterized by short plants, generally less than half a meter, which are suitable for pot planting. Edible varieties are tall and can grow to more than 2 meters in the soil of general open-air nurseries. Sunflowers grow quite rapidly, and generally bloom about two months after planting. Their flower patterns can be divided into single petals, double petals or single flowers with multiple flowers, and the flowering period can last for more than two weeks.
The flower variety sunflower has a unique American style, which is exactly the case. Wild sunflowers may come from grassland areas, and their image is intertwined with early American history. American Indians grind sunflowers into flour as a food source. Now there are a series of new varieties without pollen, which eliminates the problem of pollen shedding. In California, the most widely planted variety is "Sunny", which has golden flowers, brown cores and hard stems. Other pollen-free varieties include:
Different varieties of sunflowers
"Bright Moonlight" has lemon yellow petals and dark brown core;
"sunshine beam" golden flower, green heart;
"Sunshine Lemon" has bright yellow flowers and a black core;
"Sunshine Orange" has golden flowers and a black core.
As we all know, sunflower has an open flower surface with an average diameter of 5 to 6 inches, and the flower heart accounts for 60% of the whole flower. Now several new varieties have deviated from this standard. "Sonia" has a medium-sized 4-inch golden orange flower with a black core. It is suitable as an ornament for small bunches of sunflowers.
Teddy bear is another novel variety. It is a short variety with rich orange petals, which makes it have a somewhat vague appearance.
Yellow is the main color of sunflower, but some new varieties have added strong red and brown.
"Flower Merchants" is a two-color variety, with bronze and red flowers, yellow flower tips and black flower hearts. "Prado Red" has a black core surrounded by red-brown flowers, about 4 inches in diameter. Others with this richness and autumn color are "autumn beauty" and "sunset glow"
characteristic
First, the main characteristics of sunflower The plant of sunflower consists of five parts: root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit.
(1) The root of sunflower is composed of taproot, lateral root and fibrous root. Buried depth of taproot, generally100 ~ 200 cm; Lateral roots grow from the main roots and grow laterally; There are many fibrous roots on the lateral roots. Lateral roots and fibrous roots are covered with root hairs. Sunflower root system is developed, widely and deeply distributed in soil, of which about 60% root system is distributed in 0~40 cm soil layer. Sunflower roots have been growing faster than stems. Roots grow fastest before and after disc formation. When the seeds begin to mature, the roots stop growing and then wither gradually. In addition, a large number of water roots (like the aerial roots of corn) can grow under suitable conditions.
(2) The stems are round and erect, with rough surface and bristles. The stem consists of cortex, xylem and sponge pulp. In the late growth stage, the stem is lignified, while the pith in the stem is hollow. The embryo stem of sunflower is green, lavender and deep purple, which is an important symbol for identifying varieties at seedling stage. The stem height varies greatly among different varieties, and the plant height of the same variety is also greatly influenced by sowing date and cultivation conditions. From budding to flowering, the growth rate of stems is the fastest, at which time the growth height accounts for about 55% of the total height, and then the growth rate slows down, accounting for only about 5%. The branching of sunflower is determined by heredity, which is caused by environmental conditions.
(3) The leaves of leafy sunflowers are divided into cotyledons and true leaves. A pair of cotyledons. True leaves are often opposite at l~3 nodes at the lower part of the stem, and alternate above them. True leaves are relatively large, with short and hard bristles on the leaves and petioles, which are covered with a layer of wax. The number of leaves varies with varieties, with 25-32 leaves for early-maturing varieties and 33-40 leaves for late-maturing varieties. The leaves at the lower part of the stem make nutrients before flowering, which are mainly used for root growth, and the function basically ends when flowering. Nutrients made by middle and upper leaves are mainly supplied to the disk to promote seed formation.
(4) The flowering sunflower is the flower head, which is inserted at the top of the stem, commonly known as the disk. Its shapes are convex, flat and concave. There are two kinds of flowers on the disk, namely tongue-shaped flowers and tubular flowers. Tongue-shaped flowers 1~3 layers, inserted on the periphery of the disk, reproduce asexually. Its color and size vary with varieties, such as orange, light yellow, purple and so on, which has the function of attracting insects to collect honey and pollinate. Tubular flowers, located in the tongue-shaped flowers, are bisexual flowers. The colors of corolla are yellow, dark brown and purple.
(5) The fruit is achene, which is used to be called seed. Fruit includes pericarp, seed coat, cotyledon and embryo. Edible seeds are long, with black and white stripes and thick skins, accounting for more than 40% of the seed weight, and the 1000-grain weight is100 ~ 200g. Oilseed is short, with thin black skin, accounting for about 20%~30% of the seed weight, and the dry grain weight is 40 ~ 1 10g.
Second, the main features
(1) growth period and growth period
The growth period of sunflower refers to the days from emergence to seed maturity, which is generally more than 85~ 120 days. The length of growth period varies with varieties, sowing dates and cultivation conditions. The whole growth period of sunflower is divided into four growth periods: seedling stage, budding stage, flowering stage and mature stage.
1. The seedling stage from emergence to bud is called seedling stage. Generally, it takes 35 to 50 days, and sowing in summer takes 28 to 35 days. This period is the stage of leaf and flower primordium formation and floret differentiation. At this stage, the aboveground growth is slow, the underground root system grows rapidly, and a strong root system is quickly formed, which is the stage with the strongest drought resistance of sunflower.
2. A star-shaped body with a diameter of 1 cm appeared at the top of sunflower bud stage, commonly known as budding. It generally takes about 20 days from germination to flowering, which is the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and also the most vigorous stage in life. During this period, sunflower needs fertilizer and water most, accounting for about 40%~50% of the total fertilizer and water demand. If the demand for water and fertilizer cannot be met in time during this period, the output will be seriously affected.
3. At flowering stage, 75% of plant tongue-shaped flowers open in the field, that is, they enter flowering stage. It usually takes 6~9 days for the disk to be put into the tubular flower from the tongue-shaped flower. The flowering period of this inflorescence is from the second day to the fifth day. The number of flowers in these four days accounts for about 75% of the total. Most flowers bloom at 4-6 am and pollinate and fertilize the next morning. The unfertilized branches can keep 7~ 10 days without wilting. The self-pollination seed setting rate of sunflower is very low, only about 3%; Cross pollination has a high seed setting rate. However, if the temperature is high, the rain is heavy, the humidity is high, the light is insufficient, and the soil is dry, the seed setting rate will be greatly reduced; Therefore, adjusting sowing date, timely fertilizing and watering, controlling pests and diseases, and adopting measures such as releasing bees or artificial pollination can improve the seed setting rate.
4. From flowering to maturity, sowing in spring for 25-55 days and sowing in summer for 25-40 days. There are differences among different varieties. The seed formation period is about 15 days after flowering and pollination. It requires clear weather, large temperature difference between day and night, and suitable soil humidity.
(b) Relationship between growth and environmental conditions
1. temperature Sunflower is native to tropical areas, but it has strong adaptability to temperature, and it is a kind of crop that likes temperature and is cold-resistant. Sunflower seeds have strong low temperature tolerance and stable local temperature. When the temperature is higher than 2℃, the seeds begin to germinate. Seeds can germinate and take root at 4~5℃; When the local temperature reaches 8~ 10℃, it can meet the needs of seed germination and emergence. The optimum temperature for germination is 3 1~37℃, and the highest temperature is 38~44℃. As long as the temperature of sunflower is not lower than 10℃, the whole growth process can grow normally. In a suitable temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the development.
2. Water sunflower is a tall plant with many dense leaves, and it is a crop that consumes more water. Its water absorption is 1.74 times that of corn. However, because its growth and development are mostly synchronized with local rain and heat, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is not prominent. There are great differences in water requirements of sunflower in different growth stages. From sowing to budding, it is relatively drought-resistant and requires less water, which is only 1.9% of the total water demand. However, proper drought is beneficial to root growth and drought resistance. The peak of water demand is from bud stage to flowering stage, which accounts for about 43% of the total water demand. The lack of water in this period has a great influence on the output. This stage coincides with more rainfall, which can basically meet the water demand of sunflower growth and development. If it is too dry, it needs to be supplemented by irrigation. The water demand from flowering to maturity is also more, accounting for about 38% of the total water demand. If the water is insufficient, it will not only affect the output, but also reduce the oil content.
Sunflower is a short-day crop. But it is not very sensitive to sunlight. Under the sunshine condition in Tianjin, it can blossom and mature normally without special treatment. Sunflowers like plenty of sunshine, and their seedlings, leaves and discs have strong phototropism. Adequate sunshine and strong seedlings can prevent futile growth; Adequate sunshine in the middle growth stage can promote the vigorous growth of stems and leaves, normal flowering and pollination, and improve the seed setting rate; In the late growth stage, the sun is full and the seeds are full.
4. Soil Sunflowers have low requirements for soil, and all kinds of soil can grow, from fertile soil to dry land, wasteland and saline-alkali land. Strong salt and alkali tolerance.
(C) Sunflower stress resistance
1. Salt-tolerant sunflower has strong salt tolerance, and when the soil salt content is 0.4%, the whole seedling can be produced. In bud stage, when the salt content of 0 ~ 5 cm and 5 ~10～5cm soil layer is 0.42% and 0.445% respectively, sunflower can still grow normally. Sunflower not only has strong saline-alkali tolerance, but also has salt absorption performance. According to laboratory tests, sunflower stems contain about 0.5% sodium chloride, which is one of the crops for biological alkali control in saline-alkali land.
2. Drought-tolerant sunflowers have strong drought resistance. According to the test, after nearly 40 days of drought before and after flowering, the sunflower still grows normally when the soil moisture content is 8.8%, 15. 12% and 19.6% respectively. One of the reasons for drought tolerance is that the root system develops deep into the soil and can absorb and utilize the water in the deep soil; Second, the stem is full of spongy pulp, which can store more water; Thirdly, dense bristles on stems and waxy layers on leaves can reduce water transpiration. In addition, sunflower has strong waterlogging tolerance. According to the verification, more than 90% of the plants have not died after growing for 40 days in the flooded state (50 cm water on the ground), and there are still gains. This is because the roots and stems of sunflower are well developed in ventilated tissues, and the ability to proliferate new roots after meeting water is quite strong. The increment of new roots in 5 days is equivalent to 2 1% of total roots.
cultivation techniques
1. Key points of propagation and cultivation
Breeding offspring with seeds, peat soil is suitable for sowing. Sunflower has a high demand for light and a wide temperature tolerance range, which is suitable for 15~30℃, but it still grows rapidly in summer. Because of the high light requirement, fast metabolism and large water demand, it is advisable to irrigate and water frequently to keep the soil moist and water it every day in summer. The best way is to mix organic fertilizer into the culture soil; In addition, chemical fertilizer can also be added according to plant conditions.
1 panicum miliaceum,1~ 3m high. The stems are erect, stout, round, angular and covered with white coarse bristles. Leaves are usually alternate, heart-shaped, ovate or ovoid, with acute or acuminate apex, 3 veins at the base, coarsely serrated edges, rough sides and long hairy stalks. Head inflorescence, extremely large, 10~30 cm in diameter, solitary at the top of stem or branch, often inclined downward. The involucral bracts are multi-layered, leafy, imbricate, hairy, flowering in summer, with yellow tongue-shaped flowers at the edge of inflorescence, which is fruitless. The middle of the inflorescence is a bisexual tubular flower, brown or purple, solid. Achene, obovate or ovoid oblong, slightly flat, with lignified pericarp, gray or black, commonly known as sunflower seeds. Sex is warm and drought-tolerant.
Sunflower sowing time: March-April
Suitable sowing temperature: 18~25℃
Budget time: 5~7 days.
Sowing method: Sow as needed, and cover with soil about 1CM. After 50~80 days of sowing, the flowers are slightly different due to different varieties.
2. The incidence of sunflower diseases and insect pests is low, and the main diseases are powdery mildew, black spot, bacterial leaf spot, rust (prevalent in high humidity period) and stem rot. When powdery mildew occurs, the leaves begin to produce white round powdery spots, which expand and connect together. Later, brown spots appeared on the powdery mildew layer and the plant growth stopped. At the onset of black spot disease, there are dark brown or yellowish spots of different sizes on the leaves, which later develop into brown spots, and the spots are connected into large pieces, which make the leaves black and die. It can be prevented by substrate disinfection, reasonable watering, increasing air circulation and intermittent spraying of protective fungicides. After getting sick, remove diseased leaves and residual plants and burn them centrally; At the initial stage of the disease, 500 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can be sprayed or treated with the same amount of Bordeaux solution.
The pests that harm sunflowers are aphids, blind stinkbug, red spiders and scarabs. It can be sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000 times and 73% propargite EC 1500 times.
Step 3: Pick cut flowers.
The outer ligulate flowers can be harvested when they are open. The vase life in water or preservative solution is 6-8 days in summer and 10- 15 days in winter. Generally, leaves should be removed during harvesting and packaging, and it is appropriate to leave 1 leaf at the top. Cut flowers are stored at 2℃~5℃ for about 1 week.
The branch length of ornamental sunflower cut flowers should be more than 40 cm. The flowering period starts from the end of June, and branches with a length of 60-70 cm are selected for harvesting and pretreatment, and then 1 bundle 10 branches are packaged with soft paper and put on the market.
Reasons for going to Japan
Analysis of Sunflower Sunlight Causes from the Perspective of Biological Science
So is the sunflower heading for the sun? The answer is: it depends on what stage of growth. The general statement in the reference book that sunflowers "always face the sun" is inaccurate.
Sunflower is really sunny from germination to disk flowering. During the day, its leaves and disk follow the sun from east to west, but not immediately. Botanists have measured that its disk direction is about 12 degrees behind the sun, which is 48 minutes. After the sun goes down, the sunflower tray slowly swings back, facing east at about 3 am, waiting for the sun to rise.
Under the irradiation of sunlight, the auxin content on the back of sunflower increases, which stimulates the cells on the back to elongate, thus slowly rotating towards the sun. After the sun goes down, auxin is redistributed, and the sunflower slowly turns back to its original position, that is, the east.
However, once the disc is in full bloom, it no longer turns to the sun, but is fixed in the east. Why should we finally face the east instead of the other direction or upward? This may be the result of natural selection, which is beneficial to the reproduction of sunflower. Sunflower pollen is afraid of high temperature. If the temperature is higher than 30℃, it will be burned. So you can avoid direct sunlight at noon and reduce radiation. In the early morning sunshine, the flower tray helps to dry the dew condensed at night and reduce the possibility of being attacked by mold. Moreover, in the cold morning, under the sunshine, the sunflower disk becomes a warm nest, which can attract insects to stay there to help pollinate.
The auxin in sunflower receptacle is distributed in the backlight, so the stem on the backlight side grows faster and bends towards the light source.
Sunflower, named after the tip of its young plant in the early growth stage and the young disc in the middle growth stage, will obviously rotate with the sun. It is generally believed that the sunrise of sunflower is only related to light, but it is also closely related to gravity.
Plants will produce a wonderful auxin, which is mostly concentrated in vigorous growth parts and less in aging tissues and organs.
This auxin has three characteristics:
First, it can promote (inhibit) the growth of cells and accelerate (slow down) the division and reproduction of cells;
When the second backlight is irradiated by light energy, it travels to the backlight side;
Roof of the world transportation, under the action of gravity, transports plants from the upper end to the lower end and from the back to the ground side, not the other way around. ?
As the sun rises, the east side of the green sunflower is exposed to the sun, resulting in a large distribution of auxin on the west side of its backlight. The cells on this side are elongated and grow rapidly in the longitudinal direction. As a result, the young stems bend to the slow-growing east side, that is, the top (disk) of the sunflower bends eastward in the morning. As the sun moves in the air and changes the direction of illumination, the top (disc) of sunflower also changes direction constantly, standing upright at noon and bending to the west in the afternoon, all of which show the phototropism of bending the stem top. ?
After sunset, the earth was dark, and the uneven distribution of auxin in plants caused by light disappeared. The uneven distribution of auxin in plants caused by gravity has risen from a secondary position to a dominant position. More auxin is distributed on the lower side (towards the ground) of the young stem of sunflower bent to the west, which makes the cells on this side divide and elongate, grow rapidly to the ground, and bend the stem to the upper side of the slow-growing back ground. As a result, the plants bent during the day are straight. Sunflower plants stand tall and straight at night, which is the natural response of sunflowers to gravity like other plants-the stems grow behind their backs and are upright.
With the increase of sunflower disk, sunflower bends eastward in the morning, stands upright at noon, bends westward in the afternoon, and the repeated rotation of standing upright at night gradually stops. The direction of sunflower disk has not changed except for the increasingly obvious blue head. The factors that inhibit steering are: first, the increase of disk gravity; 2. As maturity approaches, the growth process of meristem and elongation zone basically ends. It is no longer that the tissues of young stems tend to be aging, and the auxin content is less. When the steering is inhibited, the cork layer begins to form, and when the stem tip is upright at night, the oriental sunshine is first received in the morning. Therefore, most of the disk faces east, and because there is a process of being contained, it is slow, so it can be fixed in the southeast for a long time at an angle of about 30~40 degrees to the south.
Medicinal value
Ingredients: Seeds are very high in oil content and delicious, and can be fried or pressed for oil. They are important oil crops. There are three types: edible type, oil type and dual-purpose type. Receptacle, stem and shell can be used as industrial raw materials.
Sexual ignorance: sweet, flat and non-toxic.
Function: calming the liver and expelling wind, clearing damp-heat and eliminating qi stagnation. Sunflower can be used as medicine, and its seeds, flower discs, stems and leaves, stem pith, roots and flowers can all be used as medicine. Seed oil can be used as the basic medicine of ointment. Stem pith is a diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent. Leaves and petals can be used as bitter stomachic drugs. Fruit bowl (receptacle) has the function of lowering blood pressure.
Sunflower seeds are sweet and flat, and enter the large intestine, which has the effect of expelling worms and stopping dysentery. The book Materia Medica says "ventilation permeates pus", and Fujian folk herbs say "treating bloody dysentery". Sunflower seeds contain more than 50% fatty oil, of which linoleic acid accounts for 70%. In addition, they also contain phospholipids, which have a good lipid-lowering effect and can prevent acute hyperlipidemia and chronic hypercholesterolemia in experimental animals. The oil in sunflower seeds, especially linoleic acid, can inhibit experimental thrombosis. Sunflower seeds and oil also moisturize and polish hair. Xinjiang is rich in sunflower, and the braids of Uygur girls are long, black and shiny, which is said to be related to girls' love of sunflower seeds. However, sunflower seeds are warm and dry after frying, and eating too much can easily cause symptoms such as dry mouth, aphtha and toothache, which should be paid attention to.
The dish has the functions of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and is effective for headache and dizziness. Grinding sunflower seeds into powder and taking 5g yellow wine three times a day can treat functional uterine bleeding, decocting sunflower seeds with water can treat asthma, and decocting sunflower seeds with brown sugar can treat dysmenorrhea.
Stem and leaf can dispel wind and clear heat, clear liver and improve eyesight. 5 grams of sunflower stem and leaf, jujube 10, decoction, daily 1 dose, for 5~7 days, can treat hypertension. Appropriate amount of fresh sunflower stems and leaves, decocted in water, can cure red eyes and tears.
Stem pith can strengthen spleen, induce diuresis and stop leukorrhagia. Appropriate amount of white pulp in sunflower stems can be decocted in water to treat leucorrhea and soreness of waist and knees. 20 grams of sunflower stem pith, 5 grams of wick, 5 grams of bamboo leaves and 5 grams of medulla tetrapanacis. Water decoction can cure stranguria and prostatitis.
Roots can clear away heat and promote diuresis, promote qi circulation and relieve pain. Appropriate amount of sunflower root decoction can cure stranguria, frequent urination, urgency and pain. Sunflower root 30g, Atractylodes macrocephala10g, decoction can cure epigastric pain.
Flowers can clear away heat and toxic materials, reduce swelling and relieve pain. Appropriate amount of sunflower, drinking half a cup, can be decocted and taken to treat breast abscess. The sunflower flowers are mashed and applied externally or dried and ground into powder, and sesame oil can be used to treat sores and mastitis.
A prescription for treating diseases.
[dizzy]
30~60 grams of fresh fruit plate, decocted in water, twice a day.
[Female menstrual abdominal pain]
Sunflower seed dish (dry product) 30 ~ 60g, decocted in water, with appropriate amount of brown sugar, twice a day.
[Urinary stranguria (including urinary tract infection and urinary calculi, etc.). ), female leucorrhea]
White pulp sunflower stalk 15 ~ 30g, decocted in water for 2~3 times (not too much), twice a day.
[asthma]
30~60 grams of flower disk, decocted in water.
[whooping cough, chronic bronchitis, cough and asthma]
Decocting 30-60g sunflower stems with water to remove residues, adding white sugar, and taking 2-3 times a day.
[Stomach pain, hernia]
60 grams of sunflower plate, fried in water.
[gangrene of back, multiple pus heads, mastitis]
Sunflowers can be burned, ground and coated with sesame oil. In addition, it costs 60 grams and is decocted with wine.
[Foot tendon (gastrocnemius spasm)]
Fresh sunflower stem [1] 30g white pulp, 30g lycopodium, cooked with pig's trotters.
The significance of sunflower
☆ The meaning of sunflower flower language
Sunflower, the national flower of Russia, is "there is no smoke without catkins, only sunflowers are biased towards the sun". This longing for the flower of light brings people good hope. Legend has it that in ancient times there was a farmer's daughter named Ming Gu who was abused by her stepmother. I angered my stepmother once, and my eyes were gouged out by my stepmother when I slept at night. Minggu broke into the door and fled, and soon died. After her death, a plate of bright yellow flowers opened on the grave, facing the sun all day. That's a sunflower. Sunflower means that Minggu yearns for light and hates darkness. This legend inspires people to hate violence and darkness and pursue light.