Mechanical processing generally includes machine tool processing, stamping processing and wood processing. In order to ensure the processing safety, the following points should be done: (1) Wear tight overalls before work, do not open cuffs, do not put long hair into the working cap, and do not wear gloves when operating rotating equipment.

(2) The layout of the equipment should be reasonable and easy to operate. Clean it up

Maintenance and inspection. Electrical equipment must meet electrical safety requirements.

Pulleys and gears of various rotating machinery. Sprockets and rollers must have safe and reliable protection devices.

The punch should have a hand guard. Interlocking protection device.

(3) Strictly abide by the safety technical operation procedures. Do a good job of three-level maintenance of equipment in time.

Before driving, all parts of the equipment should be lubricated according to regulations, and manual trial operation should be carried out. After confirming that the empty car is running normally, work can be started. Once the equipment is found to have abnormal noise.

Vibration. Overheating.

Move the block. Poor accuracy and leakage problems, should immediately stop maintenance.

Prevent personal or equipment accidents. (4) The cutting tools of all kinds of mechanical equipment shall be selected according to the regulations, which shall be in good condition and firmly clamped to prevent the cutting tools from flying out and hurting people.

(5) All kinds of shoulder cuts should be removed with special tools such as hooks. Put it away, don't grab it by hand to prevent the sharp edge of the chip from cutting people; After parking, the cut shoulder wrapped or stuck on the workpiece should be removed.

Cleaning during operation will splash and hurt people. Even get your hands involved.

(6) After clamping the parts, put all kinds of tools and measuring tools in the designated toolbox, not on the workbench or the spindle gear box. Prevent vibration from falling or getting stuck in the equipment, causing accidents.

(7) Other parts of the machine tool that are not used for the time being should be parked in the proper position and locked, and each handle should be in the neutral position to avoid misoperation or collision with the workpiece. (8) After the work is finished, cut off the power supply, wipe the equipment clean, put the workpieces in order, clean up the site, lubricate all parts and guide rails, and then turn off the working lights.

Leave the workplace.

2. What is machining?

Machining is the process of changing the shape, size or performance of a workpiece by machining.

According to the temperature state of the workpiece, it can be divided into cold working and hot working. Generally, processing at room temperature does not cause chemical or phase change of the workpiece, which is called cold working.

Generally, processing above or below normal temperature will cause chemical or phase change of the workpiece, which is called hot processing. According to different processing methods, cold working can be divided into cutting processing and pressure processing.

Hot working usually includes heat treatment, forging, casting and welding. In addition, cold and heat treatment are often used in assembly.

For example, when assembling bearings, the inner ring is often cooled in liquid nitrogen to reduce its size, and the outer ring is properly heated to expand its size, and then assembled together. The outer ring of the train wheel is also sleeved on the base by heating, so as to ensure the firmness of its combination when it is cooled (this method is also applied to the transmission of some parts).

Mechanical processing includes filament winding, laser cutting, rework, metal bonding, metal wire drawing, plasma cutting, precision welding, roll forming, metal plate bending forming, die forging, water jet cutting, precision welding and so on. Machining: machining in a broad sense is the process of manufacturing products by mechanical means; In a narrow sense, it is the process of manufacturing parts with special mechanical equipment such as lathe, milling machine, drilling machine, grinding machine, punching machine and die casting machine.

3. What are the dangers of machining and what are the safety protection measures?

1. Mechanical injury type 1. Stranding injury: exposed pulleys, gears and lead screws directly twist clothes, sleeves, pants, gloves, aprons and long hair into the machine, causing personal injury.

2. Object impact: Rotating machine parts, unclamped parts and flying workpieces during impact operation will cause personal injury. 3. Crushing injury: injury caused by punch, press, shearing machine and forging hammer.

4. Smash injury: the injury caused by falling from a height and being hoisted. 5. Crushing injury: the injury caused by squeezing the human body or a part of the human body.

6, burns: the harm caused by high-temperature objects to the human body. Such as chaff, welding slag, solution and other high-temperature objects.

7. Stabbing: the harm of sharp instruments to the human body. 2. Cause of mechanical injury: 1. Lack or defect of unsafe state protection, safety and signal devices of machinery, defects of equipment, tools and accessories, lack or defect of personal protective equipment and appliances, and environmental problems on site.

2. The operator's unsafe behavior (1) ignores safety and operational errors; (2) Use hands instead of tools to operate; (3) using equipment or tools without safety devices; (4) illegal business; (5) Failing to wear personal protective equipment and use tools as required; (6) Entering dangerous areas and parts; 3. Management factors: defects or mistakes in design, manufacture, installation or maintenance, neglect of safety work by leaders, defects in organization and management, insufficient education and training, poor professional quality of operators, and lack of safety knowledge and self-protection ability. Thirdly, the general safety regulations of mechanical equipment are obtained through years of summary and blood lessons. In the production process, as long as these regulations are observed, hidden dangers can be eliminated in time and accidents can be avoided.

1, the layout requires reasonable mechanical equipment layout, which is convenient for operators to load and unload workpieces and remove sundries, and at the same time, it is convenient for maintenance personnel to overhaul and repair. 2. Requirements for Strength and Stiffness The strength and stiffness of mechanical equipment parts should meet the safety requirements, and the installation should be firm, without frequent failures.

3. Install the necessary safety devices Mechanical equipment must be equipped with reasonable and reliable safety devices that will not affect the operation. (1) For rotating parts, safety protection devices such as protective covers, protective baffles and protective railings shall be installed to prevent strangulation.

(2) For components that may cause dangerous accidents such as overpressure, overload, overtemperature, overtime and overtravel, safety devices, such as overload limiter, travel limiter, safety valve, temperature limiter and time breaker, should be installed to prevent accidents. (3) When people need to be warned or reminded of certain actions, signal devices or warning signs should be installed.

(4) Interlocking devices shall be installed for some parts whose action sequence cannot be reversed. 4. Safety requirements for mechanical equipment and electrical devices (1) The power cord must be installed correctly without any damage; (2) Click insulation should be good, and the wiring board should be protected by a cover plate; (3) Switches and buttons shall be intact, and their live parts shall not be exposed; (4) There should be a good grounding or zero connection device, and the wires should be firmly connected, and there should be no disconnection; (5) 36V voltage should be used for local lighting; Disable 220V voltage; 5. Requirements for operating handles and foot switches Important handles should have reliable positioning and locking devices, and coaxial handles should have obvious differences in length.

The pedal switch should have a protective cover hidden in the concave part of the bed. If the dropped parts fall on the switch, it will start the mechanical equipment and hurt people. 6. Environmental requirements and operational requirements The job site of mechanical equipment should have a good environment, that is, the illumination should be appropriate, the noise and vibration should be small, and the parts and fixtures should be placed neatly.

All machinery and equipment shall formulate safety operation rules and inspection, lubrication and maintenance systems according to their performance and operation sequence, so that operators can abide by them. Iv. Safety requirements for mechanical equipment operation 1. To ensure that mechanical equipment does not have accidents, not only the mechanical equipment itself must meet the safety requirements, but more importantly, the operator is required to strictly abide by the safety operation procedures.

The safety operation rules vary from device to device, but the basic safety rules are similar. 2. Personal protective equipment and appliances must be worn correctly.

3. Before the operation, the mechanical equipment shall be inspected for safety, and it can be put into use only after the idle operation is confirmed to be normal. 4, mechanical equipment is strictly prohibited with fault operation, must not make do with use, in case of accidents.

5, the safety device of mechanical equipment must be used correctly in accordance with the provisions, more are not allowed to tear down. 6. Tools, fixtures and workpieces used in mechanical equipment must be installed firmly and must not be loose.

7, mechanical equipment in operation, it is forbidden to adjust by hand, also don't use hand to measure parts, or lubrication, cleaning up sundry, etc. 8, mechanical equipment operation, the operator shall not leave his post, in case of problems unattended.

9. After work, cut off the power supply, remove the tools and workpieces from the working position, and tidy up the parts and fixtures in the workplace, and clean up the hygiene of mechanical equipment. V. Danger and protection measures of typical machinery and equipment (1) Danger and protection of pressure machinery 1, main danger (1) misoperation; (2) dyskinesia; (3) Many people don't cooperate well; (4) Equipment failure; 2. Safety protection measures (1) Before operation, you must carefully check whether the protection device is in good condition and whether the clutch braking device is flexible, safe and reliable.

All unnecessary objects on the workbench should be cleaned up to prevent the vibration from falling on the foot switch during work, which will lead to the sudden start of the punch and cause accidents. (2) When stamping small workpieces, there should be special tools, which can't be fixed by hand. It is best to install an automatic feeding device.

(3) The operator must carefully control the foot switch. When loading and unloading workpieces, feet should leave the switch, and irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited from staying around the foot switch. (4) If the workpiece is stuck in the mold, it should be taken out with special tools, and it is not allowed to be held by hand, and the foot should leave the pedal.

(5) When many people operate, they must coordinate with each other to ensure that someone is in charge of the command. (2) Danger and protection of shearing machine 1. The main dangerous shearing machine is a machine that cuts metal plates into blocks of different specifications according to production needs.

The shearing machine has an upper blade and a lower blade. Generally, the lower blade is installed on the workbench and the upper blade cuts back and forth. The maximum thickness and width of the blank that can be cut by a specific shearing machine and the strength limit of the blank are limited. If the limit value is exceeded, the machine may be damaged.

Stop.

4. What are the safety precautions for lathe turning?

Safety precautions in lathe turning

1, tight protective clothing must be worn, and cuffs cannot be opened.

2. Long hair should be put in the protective cap, not scattered outside.

3. It is forbidden to wear scarves and gloves when operating.

4. Wear protective glasses when cutting at high speed.

5. It is forbidden to clamp the workpiece without stopping, and it is forbidden to beat the workpiece with a hammer.

6, in the process of machine tool operation are not allowed to remove chips by hand.

7. It is forbidden to brake by hand.

8, it is forbidden to put your hands on the bed.

9. It is forbidden to wrap gauze or cotton yarn by hand to polish the workpiece, and it is forbidden to put your hand into the inner hole to polish it.

10. When turning irregular workpieces, try to balance before cutting, and don't brake too hard.

Extended data:

Technical problems of turning

1, chip damage and protection measures.

All kinds of steel parts processed on lathe have good toughness, and the chips produced during turning are full of plastic curls and sharp edges. When cutting steel parts at high speed, red-hot long chips will be formed, which is very easy to hurt people. At the same time, it is often wound on workpieces, turning tools and tool holders. Therefore, it is necessary to clean or break the hook in time when working, and stop cleaning when necessary, but it is absolutely forbidden to clean or break it by hand.

In order to prevent chip damage, measures such as chip breaking, chip flow control and various protective baffles are often taken. Chip-breaking measures are to grind chip-breaking grooves or steps on the turning tool; Adopt appropriate chip breaker and mechanical clamping tool.

2, the workpiece loading card.

In the process of turning, there are many accidents that the machine tool is damaged, the tool is broken or damaged, and the workpiece falls or flies out to hurt people. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe production of turning, special attention must be paid when loading and clamping the workpiece.

Suitable fixtures should be selected for parts with different sizes and shapes, and the connection between three-jaw chuck, four-jaw chuck or special fixture and spindle must be stable and reliable. The workpiece should be clamped correctly and tightly, and the large workpiece can be clamped by sleeve to ensure that the workpiece will not shift, fall off or be thrown out when it rotates at high speed and is subjected to cutting force. If necessary, the top and middle frames can be used to strengthen the clamping. Remove the handle immediately after clamping.

3. Safe operation.

Check the machine tool thoroughly before work, and use it only after it is confirmed to be good. The clamping of workpieces and tools ensures the correct position, firmness and reliability. In the process of machining, it is necessary to stop when changing tools, loading and unloading workpieces and measuring workpieces. Do not touch or wipe the workpiece with cotton silk when rotating. The cutting speed, feed rate and depth of hard layer should be properly selected, and overload machining is not allowed.

Workpieces, fixtures and other sundries shall not be placed on the bed head, tool rest and bed surface. When using the file, move the rotary tool to a safe position, with the right hand in front and the left hand behind to prevent the sleeves from getting involved. Machine tools should be used and maintained by special personnel, and other personnel are not allowed to use them.

References:

Sogou encyclopedia-the process of turning over