The scientific name of soft-shelled turtle, also known as tuanyu, is widely distributed in rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs, and is a treasure among freshwater fish. Carapax Trionycis can treat hemorrhoids and malice. Carapax Trionycis can treat yin deficiency, hot flashes, chronic malaria, hemorrhoid swelling and pain, etc. Nail fish is not only a feast, but also can treat arthritis, beriberi and other diseases, with the function of nourishing yin and cooling blood. Artificial turtle feed is simple and easy to get, and can be used to feed snails, fish scraps, small miscellaneous fish, animal offal, melon skin, vegetable leaves and so on. Artificial culture techniques of soft-shelled turtle are as follows.
First, build a fish pond.
Turtles are oviparous reptiles that live in water. Often inhabiting the bottom of the water, it has the characteristics of being fond of shade and afraid of shock, being quiet and afraid of wind, and being clean and afraid of dirt. Therefore, fish ponds should be built in the leeward and sunny places, with sufficient water, convenient irrigation and drainage, and far away from human and animal lanes. The fish pond area should be 0.5 ~ 1.5 mu, and the water depth should be 1 ~ 1.5 m. The pool is surrounded by stones and cement to form a 60-degree slope, which is convenient for turtles to crawl. Laying a layer of 0.3m fine sand on the bottom and shore of the pool; A sand bed about 0.5 meters above the water surface was built in the shade of the pool for turtles to move and lay eggs. There is an escape weir around the pond, and the entrance and exit of the pond should be sealed with barbed wire to prevent turtles from fleeing. Where conditions permit, it is best to build ponds separately, and divide parent turtles, young turtles and adult turtles into three kinds of ponds. Adult turtle ponds should also be kept separately according to the age and individual size of turtles to reduce the killing of large and small turtles. Because if the turtle is not sold in fifteen months, the male turtle and the female turtle will kill each other. Turtles are heartless animals, and it is cruel for male turtles to bite female turtles. There should be one or several spawning grounds on the shore of the parent turtle pond. The soil of the spawning ground should be loose, but the holes dug should not collapse, so that the parents can dig holes to lay eggs. There should also be a loose upper layer at the bottom of the pond, so that turtles can live in soft mud and spend the winter. After overwintering, young turtles develop into young turtles. The pond for young turtles should be bigger. The bottom of the pond should be covered with 10 cm thick fine sand. Around the pond, a resting place should be set up for the young turtles. Turtles that have grown for more than three years are called adult turtles and can be sold on the market.
Second, choose turtles.
The species of soft-shelled turtle can be wild soft-shelled turtle, which has a large flat body, brown or olive-green carapace and dark green carapace. Soft-shelled turtles with these characteristics are easy to raise and have strong reproductive ability. Healthy and fat individuals weighing about 2 kg should be selected as turtle species for self-breeding turtle seedlings. The parents of soft-shelled turtle should not be changed frequently, but should be kept for several years. Generally speaking, when the soft-shelled turtle is sexually mature, the tail of the female soft-shelled turtle is short, does not protrude outside the shell, and the hind legs are slightly wider and the abdomen is thicker. The male turtle has a long tail, a narrow distance between its shell and hind limbs, and a thin abdomen. Male and female individuals should be similar, and male turtles can be slightly larger, with an average of 2 per square meter. The ratio of male to female is 3∶ 1. The best time to choose parent fish is before winter or spring. The spawning time of parent soft-shelled turtle is long, from March to 10, and the peak time is between mango seed and summer heat. Before laying eggs, females should put more bait containing protein, and keep the water clean and the environment quiet. Female soft-shelled turtles lay eggs every year, starting from spring, once every 20 to 30 days, and can produce about eight times a year. At first, seven or eight eggs were laid at a time, 15 ~ 20 eggs more than usual. It takes 40 ~ 60 days for a turtle egg to give birth to a baby turtle, which has a lot to do with climate and room temperature.
Third, feed management.
With regard to the feed for soft-shelled turtles, the feeding habits of soft-shelled turtles are basically unchanged at all growth stages from hatching to adult turtles. Turtle mainly eats animal bait, supplemented by plant bait. I like to eat fish, shrimp, mussels, snails, silkworm chrysalis, earthworms, insects, animal offal and various beans. Avoid salty food. Soft-shelled turtle breeding is mainly based on feeding low-grade marine fish and special feed, but it is best to feed low-grade marine fish in advance. Feed is put once a day, and it is best to set it regularly, quantitatively and positioned. The daily feeding amount accounts for 1 ~ 3% of the fish's weight, and the next feeding amount can also be determined by referring to the remaining bait after the turtle eats. When the water temperature drops to 15℃ in winter, the turtle stops eating. When the temperature drops below 10℃, it dives into the sediment at the bottom of the pool and is in hibernation. At this time, the pool water should be kept fresh and green.
Four. Artificial Incubation of Soft-shelled Turtles Generally, soft-shelled turtles lay eggs on the beach or sand bed near the pond, and the females can collect eggs for artificial incubation within eight hours to one day after laying eggs. Incubators can be nailed to the depth of 10 ~ 20cm with wooden boards; The length, width and width depend on the number of eggs, and 5 cm thick clean fine sand is laid inside. Then put the eggs with white spots upward on the sand with a spacing of 1 cm, which can be arranged neatly to prevent backlog and cover the fine sand with a thickness of 5 ~ 8 cm. Sprinkle water frequently and keep the constant temperature at about 30℃. After 50 ~ 60 days, the little turtle can hatch. The newly hatched turtle has poor adaptability and strict requirements on the external environment. Therefore, good conditions should be created for the healthy growth of soft-shelled turtle. The larvae hatched in August should be kept indoors, and the larvae hatched after September should also be kept indoors, because the outdoor temperature is low in the morning and evening. Hatched young turtles should be raised separately in shallow water trays and fed with fine animal feed, and should not be mixed with the mother turtles to avoid being hurt by the mother turtles. You can also set up a "delivery room" in the center or corner of a square or rectangular turtle pond, that is, pad a place without water and sand. The sand should be 30 cm thick and moist, so that the mother turtle can lay eggs automatically at night. For insurance, people can dig out the sand during the day, take out all the turtle eggs and bury them in another safe pond.
Small turtles, regardless of sex, should be fed for fifteen months before they are suitable for eating. Within three months after hatching, small soft-shelled turtles have more diseases and higher mortality. There are mainly "neck swelling" and "water mold", which can be treated with antibiotics or sulfonamides. In addition, it is also necessary to prevent ants, voles and snakes from harming the eggs of Carassius auratus.
Five, turtle polyculture
In order to make full use of the water surface, a proper amount of fish can be raised in the turtle pond. Turtle is timid. Generally, they don't prey on live fish, but only dead fish and shrimp. The excrement of soft-shelled turtle can cultivate plankton and provide high-quality bait for fish.
Tortoise mumps
The pathogen is Aeromonas punctata subspecies. The main reason is water pollution.
Symptomatic tortoises move slowly, often raising their heads and collars in water and on land, with abnormally swollen necks and protruding hind legs. There is gas under the skin and the limbs are swollen; Severe cases of mouth and nose bleeding.
Preventive measures: injection of streptomycin sulfate, injection of 65438+ 10,000 ~120,000 units per kilogram of soft-shelled turtle. Injection 1 time per year. Soak and rinse with 30 mg/L furazolidone solution for 40-50 minutes every 2-3 months.
Treatment: intramuscular injection of streptomycin sulfate. Inject 200,000 units per kilogram of turtle weight. Continuous injection for 3 days. Mild patients can be soaked in oxytetracycline solution (3 tablets of oxytetracycline per 10 kg of water) for 30 minutes.
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of soft-shelled turtle
1, turtle is calcium deficient.
[Diagnosis] The scales on the surface of the dorsal shell gradually fell off, the shell became soft, unwilling to move or even stay still, the appetite decreased obviously, some of them convulsed, and finally they died in a coma.
[Treatment] Inject calcium gluconate injection and take calcium phosphate tablets.
2, turtle vitamin A deficiency
[Diagnosis] Soft shell disease occurs, some of which are dry eye, corneal hypertrophy, dry skin and mucosal degeneration, which often leads to digestive and respiratory disorders, inflexible activities, severe developmental retardation and decreased reproductive capacity.
[treatment] take cod liver oil or vitamin a.
3. Tortoise frostbite
[Diagnosis] Frozen injuries occurred at the ends of body organs, and the frozen skin became discolored, and some of them died and fell off. Some are paralyzed, unable to move or swim in the water.
[Treatment] Frozen soft-shelled turtles should be kept in a warm place (5 ~ 10℃) in time, clean and quiet to avoid infection.
4. Tortoise disease
[Diagnosis] Dysplasia and progressive emaciation. Often leave the water on the shore, stop eating, dry limbs and head and tail, shrink the skirt of the young turtle, and finally die of failure.
[Treatment] Change the water, control the temperature, and feed high-protein foods such as crushed earthworms and egg powder to enhance physical fitness.
5, turtle lungs choking water
[Diagnosis] Tetraplegia with no flexibility; The skin is light yellow, like blisters. If you choke for a long time, you can see the action of opening your mouth after fishing.
【 Treatment 】 Immediately squeeze the limbs into the shell to squeeze out the water in the body, then pull the head and limbs for stretching and pressing for artificial respiration, and then put the turtle in a quiet and warm place.
6, turtle lung abscess
[Diagnosis] Sick turtles have poor appetite, slow movements, often come ashore and come out of the water, with their heads stretched forward, upturned and disgusted with water, sometimes opening their mouths or showing difficulty breathing. Eye swelling is serious and even blindness, with gray spots on conjunctiva and white pus-like substance inside. The course of disease is 3 ~ 4 days, and most of them die.
[Treatment] Inject sulfadiazine injection or chloramphenicol injection.
7. Aeromonas turtle disease
[Diagnosis] Slow movement, loss of appetite and slow response. Erythema appeared on the epigastrium, which gradually eroded, and the mouth, nose and tongue were red, and the neck was congested. There was severe bleeding in his mouth and nose, and he died immediately.
[Treatment] Injection of kanamycin or gentamicin or streptomycin. Clean the pool, change the water and eliminate it with quicklime.
8, turtle pseudomonas disease
[Diagnosis] Inactivity, preferring to lie on the shore, reducing or even abandoning food, vomiting, diarrhea, and discharging yellow-brown pus-like feces. Hemorrhagic hematemesis occurred in some cases and most of them died.
[Treatment] Isolation, treatment with antibiotics and sulfanilamide, injection of polymyxin B (or E) and neomycin, and administration of polymyxin and sulfathiazole.
9. Edward turtle
[Diagnosis] At the early stage of onset, only mental depression was observed, and a large amount of white transparent liquid flowed out of the mouth and nose, resulting in loss of appetite. At the late stage of the disease, yellow viscous liquid flowed out of the nose and mouth, loss of appetite, head and limbs stretched out, and the skin of the anus of the head and limbs was red with congestion and bleeding spots.
[Treatment] Inject kanamycin and take sulfonamides. Take a bath with potassium permanganate solution and salt water.
10, water mold of soft-shelled turtle
[Diagnosis] There was no abnormality at the initial stage of infection, and then there was loss of appetite, weakness, or hibernation death. With the development of the disease, gray spots appear on the body surface, head, limbs and tail, commonly known as "roughness", and then the epidermis forms swelling, ulceration, necrosis or shedding, and dies soon.
[Treatment] Shading, rubbing the affected area with salt water or malachite green solution; Take nystatin. At the same time, the pool is disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder, and then raised with malachite green fresh water.