The pulp can be divided into red, white and yellow according to different colors. Red meat is called red dragon fruit, white meat is called Yulong fruit, and yellow meat is called Huanglong fruit. Pitaya is named after its fleshy scales resemble those of dragons. So people generally call all colors pitaya, which is actually a misunderstanding. People eat pitaya for its health and longevity, so its common name is longevity fruit. Some scholars in Taiwan Province Province think that westerners don't like the name "Dragon", so it is also called "Fairy Honey Fruit", which is more conducive to exporting to European and American countries. "Fairy" belongs to Cactus, and "honey" is a commendatory term rather than sweet as honey. Because of its high nutritional value, famous domestic agricultural experts spent six years inventing the first Red Dragon Fruit Research Institute in China with the patent number ZL03118561.4. Because of its small and round shape, purple color and lovely appearance, it is called "Tianxiang No.1 Red Dragon Fruit" by the world, and also known as "the king of anti-cancer fruit in China". Because the domestic planting area is very small, the quality is very good and the taste is excellent, it is sold as high-grade fruit after listing in Beijing, and the price remains high. At present, the retail price of the market is hovering between/kilo 16-28 yuan. Every batch of fruit was snapped up by fruit merchants all over the country as soon as it matured. Therefore, the prospect of planting this excellent variety "Tianxiang 1" is very attractive and the economic benefits are very considerable! We believe that in the near future, [1] "Tianxiang No.1 Red Dragon Fruit", an excellent variety, will gradually phase out the poor quality ginkgo fruit in the market and will surely become the mainstream product of this kind of fruit!
Country of origin
Tianxiang 1 Hao Honglongguo
Native to tropical North America. Red dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function. It contains plant albumin and anthocyanins, and is rich in vitamins and water-soluble dietary fiber, which are rare in general plants. Red Dragon Fruit Tree is a triangular pillar plant of cactus, which is native to tropical desert areas of Central America such as Brazil and Mexico, and is a typical tropical plant. Red Dragon Fruit was introduced from Nanyang to Taiwan Province Province, then improved from Taiwan Province Province and introduced to Hainan Province and Guangdong and Guangxi in southern Chinese mainland. It is also called "auspicious fruit" because its bright and huge flowers are full of fragrance when they are in full bloom. Nutritional evaluation: According to the analysis of nutrition expert Li Shu, the vitality index of pitaya is 25.05, which proves that the food eaten has the function of enhancing human vitality, and the disease prevention index of pitaya is 4.6 1, which proves that the food eaten has little effect on improving human disease prevention ability.
Plant Legend: The measuring ruler is a tropical plant of cactus, which is native to Costa Rica, Guatemala, Barama, Ecuador, Cuba, Colombia and other places in Central America. It is not only famous for its longevity, tenacity and beauty, but also an excellent source of nutrition and beauty. Legends widely circulated in the local area point out that rulers are powerful symbols of nutrition, and a legend of Aztec people describes in detail how powerful rulers are for a woman. When a poor Aztec woman gets lost in the hot desert and is too painful to call for help, the situation is very dangerous. She died in despair and slowly entered another world in illusion ... She heard a clear and powerful voice from heaven. The voice told her to eat the plants next to her quickly! Eat the plants around you! She struggled to stretch out her hand to touch it, but she couldn't open her eyes. She just imagined that there were scattered and stretched rulers around her. There are few other plants in this particularly hot desert. She saw flashing red light in the illusion, dotted with pitaya between the scales measured, like handfuls of burning hunting, and her beating heart was shouting, inspiring her to stick to it! gentle breeze
Pitaya; pitaya; dragon fruit
Millions of beautiful young women with huge lilies are running towards her! ..... In the dream, her hand touched a blow, and she felt groups of swaying fairies and clusters of brilliant flowers changing alternately in front of her eyes, like a thick green ruler. When she magically broke it, her hand was pricked with blood, but she didn't feel any pain. She seemed to be guided by a magical force, mechanically biting this thick ruler. The Aztec woman woke up, recovered her physical strength quickly, and her almost chapped lips magically turned into rose, gradually spreading all over her body like waves. She walked out of the desert smoothly!
Pitaya; pitaya; dragon fruit
The legend of this Aztec woman has been handed down from generation to generation. The measuring ruler is regarded as fairy grass, and pitaya is also called fairy fruit and honey fruit. No matter its branches, flowers, fruits and roots, it has become an indispensable special crop for local people and has unique medicinal and edible functions. As a sacred symbol, pitaya is respected by the world, and this tradition later spread all over the world with the invasion and expansion of European colonialism. Pitaya belongs to the upper class in the edible plant fruits of human beings, which implies many beautiful ideals of human beings, such as auspiciousness, health, wealth and longevity. Whether visiting relatives and friends or visiting patients, there must be a dragon fruit in the center of the fruit basket you carry with you, which indicates many good wishes. Both national leaders and ordinary people can't do without pitaya when they worship their ancestors. ...
The pitaya introduced into China is native to the tropical rain forests of Central America, belonging to Ranunculaceae, Ranunculaceae and Serpenthes. Later, it was introduced to Vietnam, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries and Taiwan Province Province of China by French and Dutch.
Pitaya, a specialty of Guizhou, is native to tropical desert areas of Central America such as Brazil and Mexico, and thrives in the Hongshui River basin in southern Guizhou and on both sides of the South and North Panjiang rivers. Its bright red color breaks the monotonous color of rocky mountains in karst mountainous areas. Pitaya is barren-tolerant, drought-tolerant, calcium-loving and adaptable, which makes it firmly rooted in the mountainous area of low-heat valley in southern Guizhou.
Guizhou's unique climate and ecological environment gave birth to Guizhou pitaya, which is rich in dietary fiber, calcium, zinc, selenium and other nutrients, and has the characteristics of low fat and low calorie. It is one of the most ideal consumption fruits for modern people. Won the gold medal of Chengdu International Agricultural Expo and the title of famous products of the third Guizhou Agricultural Products Fair. CCTV, Guangzhou TV, People's Daily, Guizhou Daily and other media have reported a lot, and the excellent quality and unique flavor of Guizhou pitaya [2] have been widely recognized. It is one of the key tree species in Guizhou fine fruit industry during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. By 20 15, the planting area of pitaya in the advantageous areas of the province will reach 300,000 mu, making Guizhou the largest standardized production base of pitaya in China.
use value
Pitaya (20 sheets)
It is rich in pulp fiber, carotene, vitamins B 1, B2, B3, B 12, C and so on. Kernel (the seed of black sesame) is rich in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, various enzymes, albumin, fiber, high concentration of natural pigment anthocyanin (especially red meat), and flowers.
Can prevent constipation, promote eye health, increase bone density, promote cell membrane growth, prevent anemia, resist neuritis, prevent angular stomatitis, stimulate appetite, whiten skin and prevent dark spots.
It is worth noting that the pulp of pitaya contains almost no fructose and sucrose, and the sugar is mainly glucose, which is easy to absorb and suitable for eating after exercise. But the glucose of pitaya is not sweet, which leads people to think it is a low-sugar fruit. In fact, the sugar content of pitaya is higher than expected. It should be noted that diabetic patients should not eat more.
Pitaya is mainly cultivated and managed by cutting seedling or grafting.
1. Transplanting: Spring is the most suitable time. Cuttings are selected from well-grown stem nodes, cut into small pieces with the length of 15cm, and inserted into the sand bed after the wound is air-dried. It takes about 15 ~ 30 days to take root, and the seedbed can be transplanted when the root length is 3 ~ 4 cm.
2. Grafting seedlings: select a ruler with no pests and diseases, strong growth and full stem flesh as the rootstock, and graft in sunny days.
Cut the pitaya stem into a plane with a knife, insert the scion, align it with the cambium, and tie it tightly with cotton thread. Under the condition of 28 ~ 30℃, a large number of callus will be formed on the wound joint surface in 4 ~ 5 days, and the color of scion and rootstock is similar, which indicates that the vascular bundle of them has healed and the grafting is successful. At this time, they can be moved into the heel of the seedbed to continue culture.
3. Seedling management: The seedbed should be a field with sunny ventilation, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. The border is 90cm long and 667 square meters, with decomposed chicken manure or cow dung1500 ~ 2,000 kg and mixed rice husk ash 1000 kg, which should be fully stirred and applied during soil preparation. Then apply calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100 ~ 150 kg, fully stir with a hoe, and apply it to the plough layer 4 ~ 5 cm deep. Then plant the seedlings in the seedbed with row spacing of 3cm, water them, and spray carbendazim 500 times 1 0 every10.
Cultivation and management Pitaya is a tropical plant, which likes light and shade, heat and drought resistance, and fertilizer and barren resistance. Its stems can also grow on rocks, and its plants are very wind-resistant. As long as the support is firm and can resist typhoon, 300 ~ 400 plants will be planted in 667㎡, and every 4 plants will be supported by a cement column with a width of 20 cm and a height of 2 m.
Pitaya can adapt to all kinds of soil, but neutral soil and weak acid soil with high humus content and water and fertilizer retention are the best. In order to make it grow vigorously after planting, it is necessary to apply more sterilized and fermented human manure organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer at seedling stage, and the dosage depends on the size of the plant.
Pitaya grows rapidly in a warm and humid environment with sufficient light. When cultivated in the open field in spring and summer, it is necessary to water more to keep the root system in a vigorous growth state, and drain water in time in rainy weather to avoid infection with germs and rot of stem meat. Pitaya is resistant to low temperature of 0℃ and high temperature of 40℃. In order to ensure its perennial growth and fruitfulness, and try to reach the appropriate temperature of 20 ~ 30℃, greenhouses must be built for planting in the north, and the temperature at night in winter should not be lower than 8℃. Plastic film can be removed in summer, but it must be ventilated. Dragon Orchard doesn't need a plow, just cut the weeds in time. Pitaya has a thick waxy layer, smooth appearance and no bagging, which saves labor and time. Pitaya generally has no insect pests, and occasionally there are nematodes in the roots and red spiders in the stems and leaves, which can be prevented in time.
It takes about 30 days from flowering to fruit ripening. The fruit turns from green to red, and can be harvested when it is slightly fragrant and bright.
Pest control rot (white silk disease) can be caused by insect mouth injury or mechanical injury in long-term rainy environment. The rotten part can be cut off with a knife, or the ulcerated tissue can be drained with a knife (in sunny days and high temperatures), so that the injured product can be naturally dried or coated with sulfur and phosphorus powder for prevention and treatment. General protected cultivation, excessive humidity, easy to get bituminous coal disease. Ventilation should be strengthened and the affected area should be cleaned with clean water. Greenhouse facilities in winter are usually hot and dry, which is easy to induce red spiders. Keep a certain humidity. If the population density is high, it can be controlled by 40% omethoate 1000 ~ 1500 times. [3] Field management Pitaya begins to blossom and bear fruit 12 ~ 14 months after planting, and can blossom 12 ~ 15 times a year.
Dragon fruit bowl
April ~165438+1October is the fruit-bearing period, the fruit ripens 30 ~ 40 days after flowering, the weight of a single fruit is 500 ~ 1000 g, more than 20 fruits per column are produced in the second year after planting, and the fruit blooms in the third year. If the management level is high, the output can reach 2500kg/667㎡. The key points of high-yield cultivation are as follows:
1. Dilute application of thin fertilizer: Due to the long fruit harvesting period, organic fertilizer should be applied again every year, and NPK compound fertilizer should be applied in a balanced way for a long time. Potassium and magnesium fertilizer should be supplemented during flowering and fruiting to promote sugar accumulation and improve fruit quality. Keep the soil moist during the fruiting period, and cover the tree tray with grass or mushroom residue. When the weather is dry, water should be poured every 3 ~ 4 days.
2. Picking: When the branches grow to 1.3 ~ 1.4m, picking the stone promotes the branching and makes the branches droop naturally.
3. Interplanting and artificial pollination: When planting pitaya, it is necessary to interplant about 10% of white pitaya. Cross-pollination among varieties can obviously improve the seed setting rate. In case of rainy weather, artificial pollination is needed. Pollination can be done by brushing pollen directly on the stigma of female flowers in the evening of flowering or before closing flowers in the morning.
4. Pruning branches: After picking the fruit every year, cut off the bearing branches and let them germinate again to ensure the yield in the coming year.
5. Pest control: Pitaya has fewer pests and diseases, and is vulnerable to snails and ants at seedling stage, so pesticides can be used for control; In high temperature and high humidity season, it is easy to be infected with diseases, and some branches are necrotic and moldy. Triadimefon and strong copper oxide can be used to control it, and the effect is good.
Edit the nutritional analysis of this paragraph. Every100g of pitaya pulp contains 83.75g of water, 0.34g of ash, 0.17g of crude fat, 0.62g of crude protein and 0.21g of crude fiber.
Pitaya; pitaya; dragon fruit
Carbohydrate 13.9 1g, calorie 59.65 kcal, dietary fiber10.62g, vitamin C 5.22mg, fructose 2.83g, glucose 7.83g, calcium 6.3-8.8mg and phosphorus 30.2-36./kloc-. Pitaya is sweet, and its main nutrients are protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. Its peak period is June ~ 165438+ 10. It is planted all over Taiwan Province Province, and the main producing areas are Hsinchu, Yunlin and Chiayi.
According to the analysis of modern scientific research, pitaya does contain many ingredients beneficial to human body, and there are more elements to promote health, beauty, disease prevention and physical fitness. Since the middle of last century, pitaya has been planted on a considerable scale in Asia and Latin America, and at the beginning of this century, the planting area in Asia has advanced by leaps and bounds, and its corresponding scientific research has also developed rapidly around the world.
Nutrient Composition and Function Table of Pitaya-Mile Net [4]
Teach you to understand the nutrient composition table of pitaya. As can be seen from the table on the right, the calorie and fat content of pitaya is lower than the average level compared with similar foods, and it is an ideal fruit for people with three highs, while folic acid and vitamin B6 are higher than the average level compared with similar foods. See the figure on the right for the contents of various nutrients and recommended intake of pitaya.
The daily recommended amount mentioned in the table refers to the average daily intake of ordinary adults in a certain period of time. According to the regulations of China Nutrition Society, the recommended intake of different people in different periods is different. Of course, these values do not mean that every nutrient must be ingested in such a large amount every day, such as fat-soluble vitamins, as long as the average intake reaches this value within a period of time.