"In the past, Meng Mu chose her neighbors, but her son didn't learn. She broke the loom." Among the legendary women in Jining history, Meng Mu is undoubtedly the most dazzling. Mencius can become a master of Confucianism without his mother's inculcation. The godchild stories such as "Meng Mu Sanyun" and "Breaking the Machine to Teach the Child" left a complete godchild plan for future generations, and she herself became a model mother who will be remembered for future generations.
According to the records in Biography of Liu Xiang and the textual research of three movements in the Western Han Dynasty, Meng Mu's family originally lived under Ma 'anshan, north of Zoucheng. There is a cemetery there. When young Mencius and his friends play games, they often learn to bury graves, mourn and pay homage like adults, "play between graves" and sometimes grab other people's fruits to eat. Meng Mu thought it was not a good place to live, which was not conducive to the growth of children, so he moved his family to Miaohuying in the western suburbs of Zoucheng. This new home is adjacent to the market. After a long time, the young Mencius learned to "work for Jia people". Meng Mu thought that such an environment was not conducive to children's growth, so he moved his family to Gong Xue. This Gong Xue is where Zisi's disciples give lectures. Polite students, a gentleman who yearns for elegance, and the sound of reading make Mencius have a strong interest in entering school and pester his mother to go to school every day. Meng Mu was very happy to see his son eager to study, so he sent him to college.
Monk was interested in learning when he started school, but after a long time, he got bored and often went to school behind his mother's back. Meng Mu was very angry when he heard this. One day, Meng Mu was weaving. When he saw his son coming back from playing truant, he felt very sad. Her face was full of anger. In front of Monk, she picked up a knife and cut the cloth she was knitting. Frightened by his mother's behavior, Monk immediately knelt down and admitted his mistake. Meng Mu saw that his son had made a mistake, so he reasoned with him. Meng Mu said, "Your father died early, so it is not easy for me to provide you with an education. But you didn't understand my good intentions and played truant. The cloth on this loom is woven bit by bit, but now it can't be woven after cutting; Knowledge is accumulated bit by bit, and playing truant is like weaving a broken thread. If learning is broken, how can you become a useful talent? " The machine-breaking incident deeply touched Monk's heart, from which "Mencius was frightened, studied diligently all day, learned from others, and became a world-famous Confucian." The gentleman said that Meng Mu knew how to be a mother.
Meng Mu's godson has a far-reaching influence. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, Han Ying used the story of Meng Mu to explain the meaning of poetry. The term "Meng Mu" appeared for the first time in Liu Xiang's Biography of Lienv. Ban Zhao, a female historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Ode to Meng Mu, and Zuofen, a female writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, also wrote Ode to Meng Mu. The first allusion quoted in the Enlightenment Textbook San Zi Jing in the Southern Song Dynasty is "Once upon a time, Meng Mu chose its neighbors, but his son didn't learn, which broke his chance". Although this kind of enlightenment reading popular in the late feudal society was revised and supplemented by scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the story of Meng Mu's three moves to break the machine to teach his son always topped the article.
Zoucheng city has a lacquer girl town site. According to textual research, this is the earliest site of human activities in the late primitive society. It used to be a lacquer town in the Spring and Autumn Period, and then it belonged to the State of Lu. It was not until the Sui and Tang Dynasties that it was gradually abandoned. Lacquer Girl Town is named after the legendary woman in the Warring States Period-the daughter of Lacquer Room.
In the era of lacquer women's life, there were constant disputes and wars among countries, and vassal States were vying for the Central Plains. At that time, Lu was weak, and the big countries trampled on its territory wantonly, but they were unable to cope. According to the literature, the female temperament of lacquer room is generous and unique. According to the custom at that time, the lacquer girl was over the age of marriage, but she was not married yet. One day, the lacquer woman leaned against the post and burst into tears. The crying tore my heart out, and everyone around me was very sad to hear it. A woman next door asked, "You are crying so sadly. You must want to get married. I'll find you a good husband's family. " Qi's wife said angrily, "I always thought you were reasonable, but I didn't expect you to be so ignorant." Am I unhappy and sad because I am not married? " I'm worried that the monarch of Lu is old and the prince is young. I'm afraid of national chaos and disaster will happen overnight. The woman next door sneered: "The national security is shared by Lu Junchen. Why should our daughter-in-law worry more?" ? "
Mrs. Qi also explained: "In the past, the army was in chaos, and the army ran around and trampled on our crops, making us unable to eat enough and put on clothes. Now our monarch is old and confused, and the prince is young and ignorant. Stupidity and fraud keep happening. Once there is a disaster in the country, it will definitely affect the people. The whole country, monarchs, ministers and sons, old and young, men and women, will be humiliated. Can we women avoid disaster alone? " This remark made the neighbors feel ashamed, speechless and left angrily. Three years later, there was indeed turmoil in Lu. Qi and Chu took the opportunity to attack, and Lu was repeatedly harassed. Domestic men were arrested to cope with the war, women transported food and grass, and the people could not rest and live in poverty. In 249 BC, Lu was destroyed by Chu.
It is really commendable that the lacquered women more than two thousand years ago were able to care about the country and the people and the country. In the Qing Dynasty, Gu said that "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", and ordinary people should also be duty-bound to worry about the country and the people. As a woman, it's really amazing that lacquer woman has such feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty made a biography of lacquer women in Biography of Women. Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, also painted a picture for the lacquer girl and wrote a poem: "The daughter of the lacquer room is very thoughtful. And Lu chaos, leaning against the column and screaming, the old gentleman is young, stupid and treacherous. Lu was in chaos, and Qi committed territory. "
Jining area was called Renguo in ancient times. Benevolence is the place where beautiful women are born and the country where Xia Houshi people get married. Hou Yi and Xuan's wife were two beauties in the ancient Xia Dynasty. Among them, Shao Kang's mother Hou Yi is the daughter of a surname and the wife of Xia Houxiang, the king of Xia Dynasty. Her behavior once influenced the revival of the Xia Dynasty. Another Xuan's wife was also a victim of the "Tai Kang losing government" and the political power competition in the Xia Dynasty.
Xiang's wife gave birth to Shao Kang, known as the "ancestor of Zhongxing" in Xia Dynasty. After Xia Qi's death, his son Taikang succeeded to the throne. But Taikang likes hunting and doesn't care about things. This gave Hou Yi, the leader of the poor family who was famous for his good marksmanship, an opportunity. He took advantage of Taikang's hunting in the city, attacked Anyi, the capital of Xia Dynasty, and then established himself as king. After he succeeded to the throne, Hou Yi relied on his own powerful force to "not repair civil affairs". He only cares about hunting and entertainment, leaving political affairs to Han Zhuo, his trusted minister. Later, he killed Hou Yi and his family and usurped sovereignty. Han Zhuo became king on his own, and he began to hunt down Taikang and Zhong Kang who were scattered abroad. But at this time, Taikang and Zhongkang were both dead. Xia Hou, the son of Zhongkang, knew that disaster was inevitable, so he drew his sword and committed suicide and died in Diqiu. Xiang's wife Hou Yi is pregnant. She took advantage of people unprepared, escaped the pursuer, went through hardships and returned to her home country, giving birth to Shao Kang, a posthumous child. It was this Shao Kang who, when he grew up, contacted the subordinates of the surviving old ministers of the Xia Dynasty, wiped out Han Zhuo and his son, restored the rule of the Xia Dynasty, and made the country prosperous. He was called "Shao Kang Zhongxing" in history.
Another beautiful woman, Xuan's wife, was born in early summer. Just as Taikang was out of the government and Shao Kang was in its heyday, she was so beautiful that she married Yue Zheng Hou Kui, who was in charge of music in the palace. Hou Yi usurped the Xia regime, destroyed several countries with the same surname, and married Xuan's wife. Chang 'e, Hou Yi's first wife, knew that Hou Yi had long admired Mu Xuan's wife's beauty and advised her not to attack Bofeng. However, persuasion failed, and she resolutely left Houyi. When Hou Yi's team arrived at the palace with looted property and beautiful women, Chang 'e had already disappeared without a trace, and later generations said that Chang 'e had flown to the Moon Palace. Xuan's wife was worshipped and became a queen. But in the face of the reality of the country's destruction, Xuan's wife always bears a grudge and is heartbroken. Soon after, Hou Yi was killed by his servant Han Zhuo. Xuan's wife became Han Zhuo's wife and gave birth to two sons.
""Royal insurrection, from Duke Lu. Filial piety and nursing are the mother of zang. Hiding from filial piety is easy to lead a bad son. If you are a nanny, you are sincere. Liu Xiang's Biography of Women in the Western Han Dynasty recorded the legendary story of Lu's nanny. Lv Xiaoyi, surnamed Zang, was a nanny in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.
When Lu Wugong, Ji's father, was in power, he took his eldest son Guo and his second son to worship. Zhou Xuanwang enjoyed the play very much, so he decided to abolish the prince's enclosure and make the play King Lu. After the death of Duke Wu, the play became king, that is, Duke Lu. Ji said that he was still a son and the youngest of his brothers. Yibao took his youngest son into the palace, and his adopted son said. After Guo Si's death, Guo Si's son was dissatisfied with the abolition of the palace, and together with a group of people who supported him, he launched a rebellion, rushed into the palace and killed Lu, making himself king. In order to kill the grass, Apollo sent someone to the palace to find his son, saying that he would kill him, too. When Yibao learned that Apollo was going to kill the son, he asked his youngest son to put on the son's clothes and pretend to be a son lying on the bed of the son. The men sent by Apollo didn't distinguish between true and false, so they killed Ipoh's son. Ipoh said that he escaped from the back door with his son in his arms. Outside the palace, they met Dr. Lu, who was called uncle by the childe. Dr. Lu saw Yibao clumsily holding a crying child, thinking that she was holding his youngest son, and asked, "Did you say that he was killed by Apollo?" Ipoh replied, "No, this is it." Dr. Lu was very surprised and asked, "How did you survive?" Ipoh replied: "I let my little son lie on the childe bed in a childe suit, and I cheated. I told Ji that we escaped." Doctor Lu was moved by Ipoh's behavior and helped them escape to Chang 'an thousands of miles away. Eleven years after the incident, Dr. Lu knew that his son said he had been hiding in Ipoh's house, so he asked Zhou to kill him and say it was Lu. Everyone in Lu knew that it was Yibao's son who was killed that year, and they all praised Yibao's loyalty and patriotism.
Lu Yigu was a woman in the rural area of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. Her heroic behavior saved Lu, so the monarch gave her this name.
According to historical records, Sister Lu Yigu is a housewife, but she knows the great righteousness. Qilu was at war at that time, and the Qi army had been attacking the suburbs of Shandong. Qi Jun saw a woman, holding a little boy and holding a big boy, leaving in a hurry. When Sergeant Qi approached, the woman dropped the little boy she was holding, picked up the big boy she was holding and ran away in a panic. The little boy began to cry at once, but the woman ran forward regardless.
Qi will catch up with the little boy and ask him before he knows that his mother left him. The general was surprised and went after the woman to find out. General Qi went after him and asked whose child the woman had just picked up. Why leave the small one behind and pick up the big one? The woman said, "The child I found was my brother's son, but my own son was left behind. Seeing that you are catching up, I am unable to protect my two children and have to give up my son. " General qi asked in surprise, "your own son is your favorite and your favorite person." How can you have the heart to leave him and pick up your brother's children? Why? " The woman replied, "It is selfish to protect your own children, and it is just to protect your brother's children. If I turn my back on justice and don't care about my brother's children, even if I get away with it, Lu Jun won't take me in, my husband won't protect me, and ordinary people will despise me and won't associate with me. In this case, even if I shrug my shoulders, I can't find a place to live, my feet overlap and there is no place to stand. Although it was painful to abandon my own flesh and blood, I saved my righteousness. So, I left my son to do a righteous act. This is the moral integrity of Lu people. I can't live in Lu for no reason. "
The soldiers of Qi were very moved, so they stayed here and sent messengers to report to the monarch of Qi immediately: "Lu is no longer invulnerable. When we came here, even a rural woman knew that she should sacrifice herself for the country and refused to influence the national interests with her own selfish interests, let alone Minister Lu and people of insight! Therefore, we demand a strike and return to China. " Qi agreed to stop fighting.
When King Lu heard about this incident, he ordered the woman to be rewarded with one hundred pieces of cloth and silks and satins, and named her "Sister Lu Yi", and spread the story all over the country. Liu Xiang, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, commented in Lienv Jiegu: "Justice and honesty are the fruits of justice. Husband's discussion is great! Although in ordinary people, the country still depends on it. What about governing the country with courtesy? The poem says:' With a sense of virtue, the four countries will follow', which is also called ". Liu Xiang also wrote a poem praising: Qi army attacked Lu, Yi Gu restrained himself, and when he saw the army reaching the mountain, he abandoned his son and embraced his nephew. Qi will ask him, convince people by reasoning, and the soldiers of Qi will stop it.
Mrs. Wei (Wei) was a female Taoist in Jin Dynasty and a legendary woman in Jining history. She has read hundreds of books, is familiar with the Five Classics, and especially likes Laozi and Zhuangzi. She is regarded as the first generation master of Taoist Shangqing School and internationally known as "Mrs. Nanyue". Collected Taoist Scriptures consists of three volumes, one volume, one volume, one volume, all of which are Wei's Yi Shu.
Mrs. Wei grew up in an unusual official family. His father, who became an orphan when he was a teenager, was fostered in his grandmother Ning's house. When he was in his forties, the county magistrate sent someone to visit Xiao Qi. Shu Wei was elected to the imperial court, and countermeasures were eligible. Later, he was promoted to Stuart Shu Wei married three wives, all of whom died. His son lived for 27 years and died before Shu Wei.
Mrs Wei was born in Jiaping in the fourth year of Cao Wei (AD 252), when her father was 44 years old. Mrs. Wei was an official with her father when she was young, lived in Luoyang and received a good family education. I usually like to watch Laozi and Zhuangzi, spread three classics and let a hundred schools of thought contend. When I was young, I accepted Tianshi Tao, envied immortals, and practiced silently. As I get older, my practice is getting stronger and stronger. Usually take Humasan and Fuling pills according to the Taoist health-preserving Dan method, and recuperate with breathing gas and liquid. She refused to see her relatives at home. She asked to leave her family and live in a quiet place, but her parents objected. Helpless, I had to find a remote living room at home, read Taoist books and have a rest.
When Mrs. Wei was twenty-four years old, her parents forced her to marry Liu Wen, a native of Taibao Nanyang, and gave birth to two sons: the older one was Pu and the younger was Xian. Liu Wen later made a Xiuwu county order. Mrs. Wei has always yearned for Taoism, and her faith has become more and more devout. When the two sons grew up, they separated from their husbands and fasted in other rooms. Finally, due to sincere progress and the joy of the Emperor of Heaven, the man of God was ordered to award the "Shangqing Classic", which was spread all over the world by Mrs. Wei and was the founder of the Taoist Shangqing School.
As the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Qing Dynasty, Wu Sanniang was an ill-fated woman who experienced many ups and downs in her life and finally died heroically.
Wu Sanniang is from Wu Si, Ziyang County (now Yanzhou District, Jining City). At the age of eight, her parents died of the plague and became beggars. Experienced humiliation and hardships, but also developed a resolute character. In the winter of eighteen years, her husband died of illness, so she fell ill and was cured by Wang Lun, the head of Qingshui School (An Baili School), a local doctor. So he worshipped Wang Lun as his adoptive father and practiced martial arts with him. In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), Ziyang was affected by the disaster, and the people complained bitterly. Then follow Wang Lun rate Shimizu uprising in Ziyang and Shouzhang. She wears a pair of knives, a black arrow suit and a black headscarf. She gallops swordsmanship, has superb martial arts and extraordinary courage, and often acts as a pioneer. The rebels broke through Shouzhang, Yanggu and other counties and marched straight into Linqing to attack. In the fierce battle, Wang Lun was besieged by officers and men in the Wang family compound. She led the female soldiers to meet and fought fiercely for three days and nights. Many female soldiers died because they were outnumbered. Wu Sanniang jumped on the roof with a double-edged sword, and persisted until the evening, making a heroic sacrifice. She is only twenty years old. (Cui Lu)