The artistic style of the Soviet Union in the early 20th century refers to the artistic thoughts of "absolutism", "constructivism" and "Tatlin School". These artistic styles originated from 10 in the early 20th century and were directed by Soviet artists. Influenced by modernism, these artists are manifested in geometric abstract art.
This artistic style also profoundly influenced the clothing at that time, especially the Soviet Union at that time. The combination of "geometrically abstract artistic style" and "full of strong political meaning" is manifested in the design of clothing styles and fabrics, forming a special aesthetic feature of clothing.
America in the early 1950s, but it really flourished in America in the mid-1950s. "POP" is the abbreviation of "Popular", which means "popular". As for "pop art", it refers to an artistic style of "popularization", "cheapness", "batch", "youthfulness", "interest", "commercialization", "instant" and "instant".
This artistic style has influenced the clothing field, reflected in the innovation of clothing fabrics and patterns, changed the characteristics of previous clothing decorative patterns, and left a deep impression in the history of European clothing.
I want to know about the historical evolution of American clothing culture. The first immigrants who set foot on the American mainland were almost unarmed, and daily necessities were extremely scarce for them.
In the early colonial era, immigrants' clothes were mainly imported from Britain and European countries, and inch by inch was extremely precious. After entering the pioneering era, the so-called upper class in the east coast cities can import clothes from Europe, but the common people in the frontier still have to try their best to solve the clothing problem themselves.
At that time, the intense labor made this kind of cloth very easy to wear, especially in 1849, when miners flocked to California to form the famous gold rush. In such a life background, durable jeans came into being.
"Jeans", namely jeans, was first recorded in 1567. It is the name of the trousers worn by merchant sailors in the Italian port city of Genoa, that is, "Genoese" or "Gene". The resounding name "Jeans" was officially adopted by Levi's Company only in the 1960s of 19. Before that, it was called "high waist whole" or "Pantaloons".
Levi Strauss is recognized as the inventor of jeans. He used to be a wholesaler of dry goods, dealing in cloth, clothing and grain. Because of his good management, he won a good reputation in the local area.
The gray canvas work pants he sells are durable, and look smart and neat after wearing them, which is deeply loved by miners. It is said that Levi's trousers are inspired by the shallow crotch tights worn by Texas shepherd boys. He formally established Levi's Company on 1850.
50 1 jeans produced by Levi's Company are called the originator of jeans. At the beginning of its birth, jeans were undoubtedly associated with heavy outdoor manual labor in the frontier, and were designed for miners, cowboys, railway workers, loggers and pioneers.
In the process of opening up the western frontier, the rapid development of agriculture is accompanied by the increasing prosperity of industry. Despite the rapid growth of urban population, it is said that in the United States of 1880, five-sixths of the population still live in rural areas and dress casually.
Jeans are completely used as work clothes, and in view of their superior quality, they are increasingly favored by manual workers. The "golden dream" of getting rich overnight and the cowboy image depicted in Hollywood western movies make jeans full of rich legends.
During the Great Depression of the 1930s, wealthy easterners felt financially unable to go to Europe for a holiday, so the western region became their natural destination. Easterners are not only fascinated by the charming scenery in the midwest, but also fascinated by the story of the legendary cowboy in the west. They like the jeans that cowboys wear, which are heroic and full of local flavor.
By the mid-1930s, jeans worn by almost everyone in the agricultural areas in the midwest were first brought to the prosperous cities east of the Mississippi River. Since then, jeans have entered the ranks of popular clothes. 1935, the popular column of American vogue magazine published women's overalls.
World War II became the decisive factor for jeans to become popular all over the world. At that time, the American authorities designated jeans as an important item in wartime, which was once used as the uniform of the American army and went deep into the hinterland of Europe with the allies.
After the war, soldiers returned to China, and a large number of accumulated jeans were sold locally. Local European overalls manufacturers rushed to imitate the original products of the United States, thus popularizing jeans. In the United States, the war brought women to men's jobs, creating unprecedented opportunities for the popularity of jeans among women.
At that time, students also wore jeans as a symbol of solidarity with workers. After the war, everyone wore jeans, which was the most influential dress at that time.
Due to the shortage of supply, jeans were once a commodity traded on the black market in the United States, the former Soviet Union and third world countries, which shows their wide spread. In the 1950s, the rise of film and television communication industry shaped the image of anti-traditional heroes in the eyes of Americans. Cowboy culture goes to the world with the modern people in Hollywood, such as the movies Rebellion for No Reason and Family Dream. Justin, the leading actor in the film, appeared on the screen in jeans and was praised by public opinion? Quot the dream lover of all girls in the world. "
Jeans are also the favorite of Hollywood stars such as Marlon Brando, john wayne, Elvis Presley, Madonna, etc., and they have become the objects that teenagers follow and pursue. The film and television entertainment industry has played an important role in promoting the international fashion trend of jeans. In the 1960s and 1970s, jeans played an important role in the anti-war, anti-system and anti-tradition movements advocated by the new generation who grew up after World War II, and were once again regarded as representatives of revolutionary and rebellious images.
Workers and other laborers still use it as their work and life clothes, and young people such as students and hippies are willing to use it as a relaxed and fashionable daily dress. Discos make jeans the darling of evening dresses.
Great changes have taken place in the appearance of jeans during this period. The most obvious feature is that the traditional slim tailoring of trouser legs has evolved into trumpet-shaped, that is, cowboy bell-bottoms with unprecedented width. New technologies such as decoration, fabric, color and finishing emerge one after another, and the popularity of jeans has entered a brand-new era by leaps and bounds.
Later, the appearance of designer jeans brought jeans to the highest level of fashion. The price of jeans is no less than that of high-end women's wear, which is an incredible fantasy for its original producers.
After more than 65,438+00 years of popularity, designer jeans became popular all over the world in 1980s, but the fashion trend of jeans in western countries actually cooled down. Levi's and other established jeans companies took measures to reduce the scale and production lines. Did it ever flow at this time? Quot Beggars pretend to be in rags.
In the mid-1980s, Levi's took the lead in launching a basic publicity campaign, and other established cowboy companies also responded accordingly, which led to a nostalgic trend that lasted until the 1990s. Five bags of classic jeans, red pants and copper buttons instead of zippers have once again become hot items. In China, however, the jeans craze has just begun. The huge population resources and changing clothing concepts have made the professional development of jeans merchants in full swing.
During the Great Depression, jeans often gave people an unpleasant association. The more you wear them, the more common they feel.
3. The history of Chinese and foreign clothing development Throughout the history of clothing development, the reason why Chinese and foreign clothing is so different is inseparable from the differences in culture and wearing concepts between the two places.
From the perspective of clothing, China people pay attention to the decoration of appearance, while westerners advocate revealing the beauty of the human body; China people pay attention to self-regulation, so they are conservative and seldom change, while westerners pay attention to self-expression, so they are more open and changeable. China people pay attention to the beauty of decoration and harmony with the environment, while westerners pay attention to the beauty of clothing modeling and the beauty of contrast with the environment. The difference of garment production technology is also one of the very important factors.
Chinese clothing structure is flat, paying attention to two-dimensional space effect, not emphasizing the consistency between clothing and various parts of the human body, and not paying attention to expressing human body curves with clothing. The clothes are crisp and loose, and the plane cutting method is adopted. Western-style clothing structure is divided into three-dimensional, emphasizing the effect of three-dimensional space, focusing on three-dimensional cutting in structure, focusing on trial sewing, modification and correction, in order to maximize harmony and highlight the beauty of human curves.
Secondly, the production of clothing in China is static, while the production of western clothing is dynamic. The traditional Hanfu is cut on the chopping board, and the stitches of the garment pieces are mainly straight lines, so the stitches are all popped out with pink thread balls. There is no assembly or division in the middle of the garment pieces, and the garment pieces are a whole piece with few accessories or accessories.
Even if there are a few pockets and other accessories, they are sewn up in the form of cover stickers. When sewing pieces of clothes, only two pieces of clothes can be sewn along the edge after being stacked up and down, and there is no need for proofing or correction process at all, which is a static manufacturing process.
Ready-made clothes are square and neat, and wearing them on the body becomes an idol of the human body or a symbol of etiquette and customs. The formation of this kind of static clothing is completely related to the plane structure of China's clothing, and also related to the national character of our country, which prefers quietness to sports.
4. The history of Chinese and foreign clothing development Throughout the history of clothing development, the reason why Chinese and foreign clothing is so different is inseparable from the differences in culture and wearing concepts between the two places.
From the perspective of clothing, China people pay attention to the decoration of appearance, while westerners advocate revealing the beauty of the human body; China people pay attention to self-regulation, so they are conservative and seldom change, while westerners pay attention to self-expression, so they are more open and changeable. China people pay attention to the beauty of decoration and harmony with the environment, while westerners pay attention to the beauty of clothing modeling and the beauty of contrast with the environment.
The difference of garment production technology is also one of the very important factors. Chinese clothing structure is flat, paying attention to two-dimensional space effect, not emphasizing the consistency between clothing and various parts of the human body, and not paying attention to expressing human body curves with clothing. The clothes are crisp and loose, and the plane cutting method is adopted. Western-style clothing structure is divided into three-dimensional, emphasizing the effect of three-dimensional space, focusing on three-dimensional cutting in structure, focusing on trial sewing, modification and correction, in order to maximize harmony and highlight the beauty of human curves.
Secondly, the production of clothing in China is static, while the production of western clothing is dynamic. The traditional Hanfu is cut on the chopping board, and the stitches of the garment pieces are mainly straight lines, so the stitches are all popped out with pink thread balls. There is no assembly or division in the middle of the garment pieces, and the garment pieces are a whole piece with few accessories or accessories. Even if there are a few pockets and other accessories, they are sewn up in the form of cover stickers. When sewing pieces of clothes, only two pieces of clothes can be sewn along the edge after being stacked up and down, and there is no need for proofing or correction process at all, which is a static manufacturing process. Ready-made clothes are square and neat, and wearing them on the body becomes an idol of the human body or a symbol of etiquette and customs. The formation of this kind of static clothing is completely related to the plane structure of China's clothing, and also related to the national character of our country, which prefers quietness to sports.
5. Paper: the development history of western modern clothing. Clothing generally refers to clothes, shoes, bags, toys, ornaments and so on. More refers to clothes. Clothing appeared in the early stage of the development of human society, and ancient people made rough "clothes" with all kinds of materials they could find around them to protect themselves. The earliest clothes of mankind were made of animal skins, and the earliest "fabric" that wrapped the body was made of hemp fiber and grass.
In national standards, clothing is defined as clothes, products that protect and decorate the human body when worn on the body, also known as clothes.
For today's society, clothing has become a necessity for everyone to decorate themselves, protect themselves and give themselves and their families, not only for wearing, but also a kind of identity, an attitude towards life and a manifestation of personal charm.
6. The development process of French clothing history. French fashion design culture is a multi-source culture, with relatively open cultural instinct and easy integration with foreign fashion culture. In the process of its formation, clothing is regarded as a special human art, paying attention to form and thinking that form is content. In the process of its development, the characteristics of the times are obvious and the style changes obviously. Variation and innovation are far greater than inheritance and continuation. French clothing pays attention to three-dimensional, and its appearance has become varied. The three-dimensional decoration of clothing has its own bright spots: first, the three-dimensional decoration echoes the three-dimensional structural modeling, which is natural and harmonious; Second, the decorative effect conforms to the aesthetic psychology, because the straightforward and unobstructed surface is easy to cause people's monotonous feeling, while the layered, virtual and real collocation and overlapping surface space are intriguing and easy to cause the aesthetic feeling of viewing. At the same time, let the shape reflect the beauty of the body as much as possible. France believes that there is no absolute comparability between the two clothing styles that emphasize human beauty. The French are famous for their romance. Therefore, French fashion design especially emphasizes romance and luxury, and pays attention to the beauty of fashion modeling and the contrast with the environment. Rich and excellent materials, bold design and exquisite production technology enjoy a high reputation in the world.
In the early 1920s, elegant French aristocratic ladies had to change clothes up to six times a day. At that time, the clothing style was exquisite handwork and fit tailoring. This slender evening dress can perfectly present the exquisite curves of women, and the exquisite natural graphics on the dress have revealed the influence of the Art Nouveau movement at that time.
But with the advent of World War II, this luxury style disappeared and was replaced by a simple and practical style. The clothing style in this period tends to be conservative, and sometimes it is even difficult to distinguish the differences between men's and women's clothing. After the war, French fashion became active again. Through this set of Chanel clothing, we can see that the clothing at that time focused on highlighting the capable temperament of women and began to pay attention to the overall design of clothing and accessories. The clothing of this period has made a group of active, brave and energetic modern women. After the 1940s, it can be seen from the costumes on display that the extremely luxurious evening dresses dominated by Dior began to get out of hand. These dresses are noble and elegant in shape, using a lot of fabrics and decorations, and their colors, styles and combinations are beginning to be imaginative. The costumes of this period can be described as awakening the long-lost French fashion. Even in modern times, this luxury trend has not diminished at all. The difference is that it doesn't dominate the world as it did at the beginning, because more personalized clothes such as mini-balls, fluffy skirts and transparent clothes have flooded into the tide of fashion with irresistible modern thoughts. French fashion design also advocates the expression of contradictions and conflicts, emphasizes * * * and extreme forms in clothing composition, and is proud of highlighting individuality. The beauty of the human body attaches importance to showing the gender differences of the human body and is not afraid to show sexy. The classic model is to show women's secondary sexual characteristics. The clothing styles are exposed neck, shoulders, back and half-chest, the waist line is tightened and the hips are raised, showing the curve of female carcass. The modern mode is to express the natural form of the human body in a simple form. Short and tight French fashion has been popular for a hundred years. Nowadays, French fashion is very diverse, but everyone will believe that it will continue to create new fashions that surprise the world.
When it comes to French fashion design, we have to mention French high fashion. And many French people regard Laqua as the savior of French high fashion. Since 1980s, minimalism has swept the world, especially the traditional French haute couture. Some traditional brands began to subvert the tradition by attracting young and avant-garde blood. For example, today many designers of Chanel and Dior are from outside France, but L 'Aquila is French. Lacqua is undoubtedly a person who transforms the essence of French local culture with the help of clothing language, and his performance is the most incisive. "In the era when the costume entered the 1990s and the style became more and more simple and simple, Lacqua still tried to depict the dream in the depths of the soul in a fashionable way, and constantly launched gorgeous and dazzling works. 1992, he introduced a retro baroque women's dress, which was made of precious satin, chiffon and light tulle. The tailoring was extremely exquisite and full of the spirit of French classical court art. 1994, his new brand "Bazzer" injected the exquisite tailoring of high fashion into a younger style, which was considered as an easy combination of luxury and freedom. Today, French haute couture is world-famous. This is also what China's clothing industry lacks and can't be compared.
7. Is the history of clothing (the history of the development of Chinese and western clothing) tested through after-school exercises? How different should the examination questions of each school be? I have two review materials of our school's clothing history, which you can refer to.
China clothing history review 1. Wearing a collared shirt: Fold a dress equivalent to two body lengths, dig a round hole or cut a hole in the middle, and stick your head out when you put it on. The front and back pieces are tied together to form a collared shirt. 2. Service: an official who is responsible for the implementation of the service system and arranges the emperor to wear it.
3. Internal uniform: the official in charge of the Queen's dress at the ceremony. 4. Coronation clothes: including coronation clothes, mystery clothes, belts, front knee pads and mountaineering clothes.
Xuan Yi Xun Shang (Xuan: black; Crimson) symbolizes the unknown sky above, the twilight land below, and then it is tattooed. 5. Chapter 12 Decoration: (upper painting and lower embroidery, upper six chapters and lower six chapters) Embroider the sun, moon and stars and take photos of them; Embroidered mountain shape, take stability; Embroidered dragon modeling takes its strain; Embroidered insects (female birds) take its beauty; Embroider Zong Yi and take his loyalty and filial piety; Draw algae to get clean; Embroidered fire takes its light; Embroidered pink rice (white rice) takes its nourishment; Embroider the shape of an axe to make a decision; Embroidered Nuo (two animals are opposite in shape) is different from each other.
6. Knee pads: the waist is tied with a belt and worn under the belt to cover the knees. The form was originally to cover the abdomen and reproductive parts, and then gradually became a part of the dress, and then it was purely to safeguard the dignity of the nobility.
It is called "Fu" at coronation and "Fu" or "Fu" at sacrifice. Wei Bi changed into other clothes.
7. A hundred schools of thought contend, which leads to different dress customs in different countries: Confucianism advocates "* * * wenwu", "meet with courtesy" and "gentle"; Taoism puts forward "wearing brown Huai Yu" and "being willing to eat and wearing beautiful clothes"; Mohism advocates "saving" and "still using" without excessive luxury; "Eating is always full and then seeking beauty; Clothes are always warm, and then seek beauty and live. There is an equal difference between carving and engraving. Legalist Han Feizi, while denying the destiny, advocated that clothing should "advocate nature and oppose embellishment". 8. Deep clothing: the most representative clothing style popular during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, especially during the Warring States Period. " Continue to hook the edge ",do not split, add a long skirt to form a triangle at the back, and tie it with a ribbon."
Cut it up and down, and then sew the waist into a whole, so that the upper body fits and the lower skirt is wide, which can be worn by both men and women for a period of time until the ankle or the ground. 9. Pre-Qin costumes are of great significance, which laid the foundation for the basic modeling of China costumes, such as upper and lower dresses, and revealed the national traditional cultural consciousness of China, whose patterns are full of meanings (Chapter 12) and colors are symbolic (Xuanyi Xunshang).
10. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, robes were the most important thing for men. Most of the styles are big sleeves, and those with slightly narrowed cuffs are called shifting sleeves, while those with full sleeves are called dressing. Therefore, the wide sleeves are often exaggerated as "wearing a shade cover", and the neckline and cuffs are embroidered with checkered patterns. The neckline is oblique and the skirt is very low. The neckline is exposed to underwear, and the hem of the robe is decorated with flowers, or tied in a row or cut into crescent shapes, which are divided into curves according to the shape of the hem.
165438+ military attache: judges are used for military commanders, Guan Liang for law enforcement officers and judges for civilian officers.
13. Officials in the Han Dynasty wear crowns, and the crowns must be lined with stains, which vary according to grades or positions. A civil servant's promotion crown should be accompanied by a letter of introduction, and a military attache's martial arts crown should be accompanied by a towel.
14.: As a kind of hair towel, it can be worn in Qin and Han dynasties regardless of rank. The wearer can wear it under the crown, while ordinary people can wear it alone. Shaped like a hat, the flat top is called "flat towel" and the roof shape is called "medium towel" 15. The clothes are women's uniforms, which are like deep clothes, but the bottom is wound into two sharp corners by the skirt turntable. 16.
17. At the end of the Warring States Period, Zou Yan, a philosopher and a representative of Yin and Yang, founded the theory of five virtues, and linked it with social and historical changes and the rise and fall of dynasties. Qin destroyed Han, and virtue became soil, so yellow became a high-grade dress color. 18. Men's wear in Wei and Jin Dynasties was dominated by gowns (gowns were removed, while gowns were wide-sleeved, with single and double styles, and white was preferred).
Commendation belt became the main clothing style in this period, especially for literati. 19. Bi: A formal scarf, a kind of women's clothing that started in the Jin Dynasty and became popular in later generations, hangs over the neck and shoulders, naturally hangs down, and then hands in the collar.
20. For a long time in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, pants pleats and crotch were the most typical costumes of northern nationalities. Trouser pleat: It is a kind of clothing style with trousers under the top, called trouser pleat suit, with double-breasted or left-sided split, and a belt at the waist, which is convenient and neat, revealing a rough and fierce atmosphere.
Tie pants: cut the brocade belt into three feet and tie it tightly under the knee of the trouser leg for action. Crouching: one for the back and one for the chest. It is sleeveless and collarless. At first, it seems to be two pieces, which can be worn by both men and women under the armpits and shoulders. Later, it was used in military uniforms, and it was replaced by armor leaves, which were placed outside the lining robes.
This kind of clothing has been used ever since. The south is called vest, and the north is called vest or vest. There are also differences between single, clip, leather, coat and cotton, which can be worn inside or outside clothes. The outside is a little longer and the inside is a little shorter. 2 1. Wotou: It is the most common first dress for men in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties.
At first, it was wrapped in a handkerchief, which was relatively low. Later, a towel was added under the hoe to ensure the fixed shape of the hoe. At first, the feet droop naturally like a belt, reaching the collar or shoulders, and then gradually become shorter, bend upward, and knot after insertion, all of which are called soft-footed hoes.
Shantou foot after the mid-Tang dynasty is round and wide, like hard wings and slightly upturned, with silk thread in the middle to make it elastic to the right, which is called hard foot. 22. The image of women's clothing in the Tang Dynasty for more than 300 years can be mainly divided into three kinds of clothes: group clothes, men's clothes and Hu clothes.
23. Half-arms and silk: Half-arms are similar to today's short-sleeved shirts. Because its sleeve length is between crotch and clothes, it is called half arm. Silk weaving: evolved from a narrow scorpion, and then gradually became a ribbon, draped over the arm and dancing around.
24. Women wearing men's clothing, that is, imitating men's clothing, has become a major feature of women's clothing in the Tang Dynasty. 25. Shirts: In the Song Dynasty, men often wore shirts.