With the comprehensive promotion of education reform, the implementation of people-oriented and all-round development education has become the goal pursued by modern education. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education also clearly points out: "Kindergartens must give priority to protecting children's lives and promoting their healthy growth". This fully shows the importance of children's survival, safety and health in early childhood education. However, at present, many kindergartens misunderstand that as long as the children in the kindergarten have no safety problems, they ignore the children's survival needs and healthy and happy growth. Especially at present, China implements the one-child policy, and parents cherish and overprotect the only child.
At present, due to the influence of traditional educational concepts, some kindergarten teachers and parents pay more attention to imparting knowledge, while ignoring children's survival needs. Especially in urban and rural kindergartens, what parents most want to see every day is their children writing and doing calculations in the classroom. In order to cater to parents and to be "safe", kindergartens rarely carry out outdoor activities, which leads to the passive state of preaching and protection and the lack of survival education. Children's safety awareness is weak, and their abilities of survival, self-care and self-care in life are poor, which affects their all-round development.
In addition, some outdoor activities in kindergartens are not rich in variety and quantity, but for safety, the utilization rate is low. In some parks, outdoor space is limited, and there are few children in outdoor activities. Some kindergartens' activity venues are mostly concrete floors, but they dare not let children play. In short, under the pressure of "safety first", many kindergartens focus on passive prevention of "indoctrination" education, but fail to grasp the key, start from the root causes and take effective measures, ignoring the most effective "experiential" safety education and ability training. Indoor education has replaced outdoor experience. As a result, children lack activity ability, coordination ability, flexibility and analytical judgment ability. In fact, this practice of choking food is a taboo for kindergarten safety work.
First, create a safe physical environment.
In order to ensure the safety of young children, all kinds of portable equipment should be inspected and maintained regularly to eliminate potential safety hazards in time. Teachers can provide children with safe venues and equipment according to the theme of the activity, check the venues and equipment before the activity, and set up safety signs and warnings.
Second, choose a variety of forms and carry out a variety of preset theme activities.
Through various forms, the preset theme activities run through children's daily lives, paying attention to excavating the safety education factors in daytime activities, and constantly expanding, extending and deepening the theme activities.
I think the safety education for young children is not only the teaching of safety knowledge, but also the cultivation of safety coping ability. On the basis of requiring teachers to educate and record children's safety knowledge every week, we should also overcome the previous "fear of things" mentality and lead children to actively carry out outdoor activities, so that children can master knowledge and improve their ability through experience. For example, carry out pre-set theme education activities such as "Little Driver", "Carrying Grain" and "When it thunders and rains" to cultivate children's safety awareness and positive safety coping ability in outdoor activities.
Third, adopt various ways to cultivate children's safety awareness and self-care ability.
1, combining personal guidance with peer influence
Children have different abilities. For children with poor individual ability, teachers should strengthen individual guidance, because they have poor self-protection ability for those dangerous projects and are unconscious. Therefore, only under the individual guidance of teachers can those children gradually develop habits and thus have a sense of prevention for these projects. For example, according to the local characteristics, our garden uses barrels to make various stilts and "stakes". Stilts and "wooden stakes" are one of the favorite outdoor sports activities of children in our garden, and they are also dangerous activities. Because the package has a small landing area, it is a bit dangerous for timid children, especially a few chubby children. At this time, teachers should give timely encouragement and guidance, so that children can learn to protect themselves through personal experience. In activities, sometimes the influence of peers is also very effective. When seeing others encounter difficulties or dangers, they will learn from them and think deeply, thus enhancing their awareness of protection. Children learn to protect themselves, which means learning to take a big step forward in survival. We don't encourage children to take risks at will, but it is necessary for children to learn to master the consciousness of self-protection in some activities.
2. Outdoor activities are carried out in a small way.
With the growth of age, children's self-care ability will also improve accordingly. For this reason, kindergartens can often organize some outdoor mixed-age activities purposefully, so that children in primary and secondary schools can gradually improve their awareness of self-protection under the leadership of their older brothers and sisters. For example, middle-class children learn to jump rope. At first, most children can't jump, and they dare not jump. There are many dangerous factors in crowding together. Later, we invited the brothers and sisters of the big class to demonstrate, and the effect was good. Children watch carefully and study hard. Let children master the skills of skipping rope in the process of watching, improve their awareness of self-protection, and know that skipping rope can't be crowded together. Crowding together is not only bad for skipping rope, but also very dangerous.
3. Combination of praise and correction.
In the process of outdoor activities, in fact, some very capable children have some good ways to protect themselves, which our teachers did not think of. At this time, our teacher should give praise in time, carry it forward and let more children know what should be paid attention to and what is safe. In addition, in the process of activities, teachers should always pay attention to all directions, pay full attention to every child, and point out in time when there are dangerous or unsafe actions.
4. Make full use of parents' resources to improve children's awareness and ability of safety and self-care.
Kindergartens can change parents' educational ideas through forums, observation activities and parents' open days, realize the goal of family education, and guide parents to actively support and cooperate with kindergartens to carry out outdoor activities. For example, we organize an open day for parents and ask teachers to arrange an outdoor activity for parents to observe. Parents will realize the importance and necessity of outdoor activities when they see that their children can stand, jump, span and balance. Therefore, parents will cooperate with kindergartens to guide and cultivate children's safety awareness and self-care ability everywhere on their way from school or at home, thus providing a good family education environment for children's survival and self-care education.