Lao Zi's name is Lao Dan. According to historical records, his surname is Li Minger, and he was born in Guxian (now Lu Yi) of Chu. His date of birth and death is unknown. Laozi is divided into two parts, 8 1 chapter, with 5000 words. It is full of poetry and epigrams, written in verse, and was called Tao Te Ching after the Han Dynasty.
Different people have different interpretations of Laozi. It is not only a philosophical book about Taoism, but also a political theory book and even a military book. It is the cornerstone of Taoist culture, and the essence of China traditional culture lies in Taoism. Therefore, if you like children's shoes with traditional culture in China, it is necessary to study Taoist culture.
Below I divide the classic sentences in Laozi into the following aspects and point out the specific ideas contained in them. Interested friends can have a look:
1, the philosophy of "nothing"
"Nothing" gives birth to "Being": everything in the world is born with it, and everything is born without it.
"Nothing" leads to "use": 30 spokes * * * a hub, there is a car all the time. Think of it as a device. When it is useless, it will be useful. Carve the family into a room, and when it has nothing, it has a room. Therefore, thinking is beneficial, but thinking is not.
"inaction" theory: [1] inaction, inaction, tasteless. Good for evil, big or small. The picture is difficult, but easy; As big as it is, as small as it is. The difficulty of the world makes it easy; The world is big, and there is no wonder. Therefore, a saint is not great after all, so he can become great. A husband who promises easily is not credible; How easy it is, how difficult it will be. It is difficult to be a saint, so there is no difficulty in the end.
[2] The sage who governs by doing nothing has not failed, and the persevering person has no loss. What the people do will be defeated by a few achievements. So say, "Be careful to the end and never fail."
[3] Tao often does nothing, but does nothing. If the marquis can keep it, everything will take care of itself.
[4] teaching without words is the benefit of inaction, which the world hopes to achieve.
On "Ignorance" [1] Ignoring wisdom comes from saints and benefits the people a hundred times; Desperate, the people are filial; Never give up profits, thieves have nothing. These three words also feel that the words are not enough, so they belong to it. Simple, selfish and worry-free in learning.
[2] The rule of saints is also to hollow out their hearts, strengthen their bellies, weaken their aspirations and strengthen their bones, which often makes people ignorant and have no desire. A wise man dares to do nothing, or he will die if he does nothing.
2. The philosophy of "water"
Weak is better than strong: [1] The water in the world is not weak, but it is not easy to attack strong first. It's well known that we can overcome the strong with softness and the strong with weakness, but we can do it.
Water is abundant and good: [1] Jianghai can become the king of the hundred valleys because of its goodness. It is the wish of saints to go to the people, which must be spoken by the people; If you want to be an ancestor, you must be behind them. In the former residence, people are important and people are harmful.
[2] Tao is in the world, just like the valley of Sichuan.
Water does not strive for goodness: [1] goodness is like water. Water is good for all things without dispute, and evil for all, so it is a few words.
3. "indisputable" philosophy
On "Hou": [1] I have always had three treasures, one is kindness, the other is frugality, and the third is not daring to be the first in the world. Husband is kind, so he can be brave; Thrift, so it can be wide; Dare not be the best in the world, so it can last forever. Today, give up its kindness and be brave; Give up its frugality and broaden it; After giving up, there is still the first; You will die.
Taking retreat as a way to mourn for the soldiers: [1] There is a saying in using troops: I dare not be the master and dare not be the guest; I dare not kick, so I have to step back. It means no lines, no arms, no soldiers, invincible. There is no greater disaster than underestimating the enemy, and underestimating the enemy will lose my treasure. So the resistance to soldiers is almost the same, and those who mourn will win.
Is "indisputable" a virtue or human nature: [1] Those who are good at learning do not use force, those who are good at fighting do not get angry, those who are good at defeating the enemy do not admit defeat, and those who are good at employing people do it. It means indisputable virtue, the power of employing people, and the collocation of heaven and ancient times.
[2] Therefore, Heaven is beneficial and harmless; The way to be a man is to fight for it.
"Don't argue" can avoid mistakes: husbands only argue, so there is nothing special.
To achieve "indisputable" by "indisputable": [1] If a saint wants to go to the people, he must speak with his words; If you want to be an ancestor, you must be behind them. In the former residence, people are important and people are harmful. Isn't it because there is no dispute that the world likes to push and hate it? Therefore, the world can't compete.
The husband does not dispute, and the world cannot contend with it.
4. Dialectical philosophy
Mutual transformation between misfortune and happiness: [1] Unfortunately, happiness depends on; Happiness lies in misfortune. Who knows its extremes? There is no distinction between good and evil. What is right is surprising, and what is good is only good. People's infatuation is long gone. It is based on the sage without cutting, sincere without embarrassment, straight without arrogance, light without dazzle.
[2] Name and body, who is relative? Which is more, body or goods? Got it or died? What kind of disease? If you love it very much, it will be expensive. He who hides much dies a thick death. Therefore, content, not ashamed; There is no danger in Zhi Zhi, and it can last for a long time.
On the contrary, things complement each other: whether [1] is the same, whether it is difficult or complementary, whether it is long or short, whether it is superior or inferior, whether it is sound or sound, whether it is consistent or inconsistent.
[2] Qu Quan, Fei Zhi, Yu Ying, I am new, less is gained, more is confused. It is based on the saint embracing one, which is a world style. You can't see yourself, so be clear; Self-evident, so obvious; Do not cut yourself, have merit; Not proud, so long. The husband does not dispute, and the world cannot contend with it.
The above part is about the philosophy of life in Laozi, which I summarized.
Laozi pointed out that a large number of phenomena in nature and human society are interdependent and contradictory: size, competition, before and after, life and death, difficulty, advance and retreat, ancient and modern, always positive and negative, length, wisdom and stupidity, beauty and evil ... We have studied Laozi's philosophy, and we can find the truth of mutual connection and transformation from countless opposing conflicts in our lives, so we are not limited to one end.
Of course, we should also pay attention to the fact that we cannot push the opposite of things to an absolute relativism. In a word, Laozi's philosophy of life seems to be negative, negative and concession, but in essence it is more positive, positive and enterprising. Tai Ji Chuan is the image expression of Laozi or Taoist philosophy of life.