The ancient Chinese in the southern dialect has been shocked by the northern dialect, which is close to the vernacular, or more directly, Mandarin, so that not many people understand its meaning.

Linguists have always been controversial about the division of Chinese dialects.

Some people divide Chinese into seven dialects, some into five dialects, some into six dialects, eight dialects and even nine dialects.

No matter which division method is adopted, users in these "big dialects" sometimes can't understand each other. In different dialect areas, people's dialect awareness is also different.

Please allow us to make a simple and rude classification and divide Chinese dialects into two categories, southern dialects and northern dialects:

Southern dialects include: Wu dialect, Xiang dialect, Hakka dialect, Min dialect, Cantonese, Gan dialect, etc.

Northern dialects include Northeast dialect, Beijing dialect, Luji dialect, Jiaoliao dialect, Zhongyuan dialect and Lanyin dialect.

Obviously, our common "Mandarin" today is based on the northern dialect, and there are few ancient Chinese in the southern dialect.

Let's put aside why this phenomenon is caused and give a few examples first.

Wok, pronounced Hu, mainly refers to the pot, which we use for cooking today. cook the meat's "Young Prison Ceremony": the sheep pot. "Zhou Li? Dabo: Preserve the iron pot for sacrifice. Note: "Cooking utensils are also. "Shaped like a big basin, used to cook food.

Accompanied by this, there is an idiom: Pot soup hell is the seventh of the eighteen layers of hell, that is, cooking soup in an iron pot and putting sinners in it to punish their sins before they die.

To be sure, this word has basically disappeared in the northern dialect and has been replaced by "pot".

However, in southern dialects, wok still exists. For example, Wu Yu-Oujiang film, which is Wenzhou dialect, has the saying of "wok stove", which means stove, but the sound has become "wo"

In addition, it may be influenced by "iron pot soup hell". In Cantonese in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, wok also means pot, but it also means trouble when read as "wok".

In this way, ancient Chinese was "infiltrated" into the southern dialect and was preserved.

At the same time, there are ancient Tibetan languages that "infiltrated" into southern dialects and were preserved:

Wuyue dialect is called "eating" and "being clever" (pronounced "knocking"). The ancient Tibetan language called "eating and drinking" and "knocking at the door" (Tibetan? , pinyin transliteration mqoe), with the same pronunciation as wuyue dialect; Wuyue dialect calls the number "two" and "you"; How to write "two" in ancient Tibetan? , pinyin transliteration nyi, pronunciation is the same as wuyue dialect.

The pronunciation of Tibetan numerals is completely different from that of Chinese numerals, but the pronunciation of "er" in wuyue dialect is the same as that in ancient Tibetan. And so on.

Let's talk about Manchu and Qidan in Beijing dialect.

1. Manchu: In Beijing dialect, "Don't pull the Hu at work" means "just so-so, something went wrong", but it actually comes from Manchu "pull the Hu", which means that hunting ability is insufficient; When describing beautiful women, old Beijingers will say, "Who is this girl? The cards are all on! " In fact, Kuwariyang from Manchu only transliterates kuar as a "brand". Wait a minute.

2. Khitan language: That person is eager to learn "xiáo" and ask! No, learn "Xue" and ask ... is it the color of the corner "Ji m ℉ o" or the corner "J ue" ... is it "Yao" or "Y Ya" ... aren't these disyllabic words? But in these broken words, do you find a pattern? One group is "Austria"; Another group is "ue".

In fact, the group that originally pronounced "ao" was the Qidan dialect.

Another example is: medicine, writing, jumping, horns, feet, keys, learning, chewing, feeling, music, appointment and so on. Some modern national languages have only one sound, while others have "ao" and "ue" coexisting.

According to the evolution of Chinese, it is China's son who reads "ue", and it is adopted from abroad who reads "ao". Although this "ao" sound has spread all over China with the influence of Chinese polyphonic characters, it has long been discovered by scholars. It is a child born out of thin air, and it is a new sound popular in metropolis (near Beijing) in14th century.

Beijing dialect is a regional epitome of northern dialects. Of course, apart from Manchu and Qidan, there are other minority dialects.

Take Mongolian as an example: In addition to the hutongs (originally meaning water wells in Mongolian) which are highly recognized by the academic circles, some Beijing dialects directly borrow Mongolian. For example, the sound "Gada" means the youngest brother in the family in Mongolian, and the word "Lao Gada" in old Beijing dialect is borrowed from this Mongolian language to represent the youngest child in the family.

In addition, the Khitan language is the language of the Khitan people, and some older Daur people still use it, but it is generally considered to belong to the Mongolian language family.

Of course, the languages of ethnic minorities have influenced not only Beijing dialect, but also the Central Plains and China. Tell a joke first:

Beijingers teach Henan people to sing: "Sun, my great mother, you rise from the east and fall from the west every day ..."

Before the song was finished, Henan people said that Beijingers: "Are you tired? See how we sing! " "

Henan people then sang: "The sun! My mother-in-law, you saw the sky sliding up from the east and down from the west. Did you make the room panic? "

To be sure, this kind of "creating panic, not panic" must have the flavor of ethnic minorities. Henan dialect, also known as Henan dialect, belongs to the Central Plains Mandarin in Chinese and is a dialect in Henan Province.

Henan in a narrow sense, formerly known as Zhongzhou, Zhongyuan and China, was the political, cultural and economic center of China before the Southern Song Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, scholars of all dynasties have regarded Luoyang dialect as the national common language.

Therefore, Luoyang dialect is called the beginning of Chinese pronunciation. As a "national language", it has made outstanding contributions to the splendid history and civilization of China for thousands of years, and it is also the "standard Mandarin" in ancient times. Emperors, officials, intellectuals and other upper-class people are proud of saying "Luoyang sound", which is regarded as a symbol of identity and status.

However, this kind of "panic in the room, not panic in the room" is something that the ancients in China did not have.

Let's talk about the general area of northwest dialect first. It would be a big mistake to say that only the northern minorities in ancient China influenced the northern dialect of China.

For example, there are a lot of ancient Chinese in Guanzhong (Baoji) dialect, and a lot of ancient Turkic and Persian are mixed. Locals call Xiao Qiu (Sui is also pronounced Zu‖) and Hao Hao Li Ao Tai, which can be found in ancient Chinese. Ji Kang's On Health Preservation: The husband is driven by others, and the attacker is not discredited. Guangyun: That's good. There is a saying between Xu Qinghai and Dai.

Corresponding to ancient Turkic and Persian:

Krima rub- hurry up; Hey, no reason-sloppy; Motor problem; Yes-yes; Wait a minute.

Someone told a story with "Krima Rub": When I was a child, my parents thought I was "inkblot" (dawdling, dawdling, slouching), and a word I often used was "Krima Rub".

At that time, I understood that the meaning of this word was to hurry up, but I always wondered why I used the "Krima eraser" to express it quickly. At that time, I thought, maybe there used to be a man named Krimaka. He is fast and fast, so later in Shaanxi dialect, he used this name to mean "fast".

So, was Mo a human being when he was a child?

Don't! "Moji" is actually a dialect in North China Plain. "Krimaka" is an ancient Persian language, not necessarily spoken by Guanzhong people. As far as we know, it appears in most dialects in northwest China.

Ok, now we can go back to the question I mentioned before-why?

The reason is actually very simple: in the past, including now, the north has always been a political center, and in the ethnic integration of this center, it is often accompanied by war, which makes some people move south, leaving ancient China people in a relatively peaceful corner in the south, which is no longer normal.

Language is not only sound and words, sometimes it is more like a lamp, which can light our way when we come. It not only shows that our culture has developed and prospered in an eclectic way, but also tells us that the Chinese nation has been a pluralistic whole since ancient times.