wasp
wasp
Also known as the paper nest wasp.
Hymenoptera (Vespidae) is the general name of Vespidae, which is distributed all over the world. It is daunting. It is about 16 mm long, and its tentacles, wings and tarsal bones are all orange. The body is black and shiny, with yellow stripes and paired spots. It stings badly, but its toxicity is not as good as that of common wasps (〔Vespa〕 and 〔Vespula〕). Beehives are made of paper and made of wood pulp collected by the queen bee. A hive has 65,438+000 larval compartments, which are connected by short handles.
Hymenoptera 1 superfamily, a member of the bee family, has a thick, smooth and hairless body wall, and its front wings are vertically folded at rest, with strong stings. The insects in this superfamily are commonly known as wasps and wasps. There are about 15000 species in the world, and more than 5000 species are known. There are 200 kinds of records in China. They are predators. Or a single color, different sizes of carving or smoothness. The fluff is generally short, the feet are long, the wings are developed, and they fly quickly. When resting, the front wings are folded vertically to cover the back of the body. The mouthparts are developed and the upper jaw is thick. Drones have seven bellies and no thorns. The female bee has six nodes in the abdomen, and there is a stinging needle formed by an ovipositor at the end, which is connected with the venom sac and secretes venom. The main organs are clearly visible. Many salamanders overwinter in pupae. The larvae are spindle-shaped, white and footless. The body size is 13. Newt larvae feed on other anesthetized insects, which are stored by their parents in closed nests built by their parents. The larvae of other wasps are fed by adults in the nest with chewed insects. It does not communicate with the discharge port. The excrement is stored in this bag and is free in the body. After pupation, the bags under the eyes become hard and black, and fall off with molting. Eggs are often oval, white and smooth, with 65,438+0 eggs in each nest, and a silk stalk is fixed at the base until the larvae hatch. Therefore, although the nest mouth is downward, the larvae in the nest will not fall off the nest.
Vespa vespa is an insect group with social behavior. Hemiptera insects usually live freely without nests. When laying eggs, the female bees build a mud house or choose a suitable bamboo tube to lay eggs and store them in the larvae or spiders of other insects that have been stung after being caught. One room and one egg are sealed separately, and the larvae hatched from eggs feed on stored prey, pupation and feathers.
Other kinds of wasps live in nests all their lives. There are differences between queen bees, worker bees (or worker bees) (females) and drones. The queen bee is a female who has mated and fertilized with a drone after the previous autumn. They store sperm in seminal vesicles and use them several times this year. Drones die soon after mating. When the weather gets cold, fertilized females leave their nests to find shelter, such as cracks in the walls and haystacks. Find a suitable place to nest and lay eggs. The fertilized eggs they produce form females, while the unfertilized eggs form drones. Due to the increase of professional bees, the hive has gradually expanded. Professional bees are responsible for nesting and feeding larvae. There are three peaks in Central China every year. After autumn, drones in the nest account for about 1/3 of the total, which is the period with the most drones in a year.
In Henan, Shanxi and other provinces of China, it is very effective and economical to control cotton pests by using wasps by artificial wintering and artificial nesting and flying. After autumn, catch the female bees, put them in cages, and place them in sheltered places, allowing them to embrace the group. The next spring, these female bees were put into the field and let them naturally nest around the field. Food, drinking water and building materials can also be provided in large bee sheds to build them. After moving to the field, there are more than 100 bees in 3 ~ 5 nests per mu, which can basically control the harm of LEPIDOPTERA pests. Because wasps have the habit of homing, it is long-term effective to release bees once. They have a wide range of feeding habits and can control many agricultural and forestry pests.
In general, when the temperature is 12 ~ 13℃, the wasp stings and starts to nest at 16 ~ 18℃, and hibernates when the temperature drops to 6 ~ 10℃ in autumn. They are most active at noon in spring and often stop at noon in summer. They return to their nests at night. Don't go out in rainy days. Hornets like to eat sweet substances. Within 500 meters, the wasp can clearly identify the direction and return to the nest smoothly. If it is more than 500 meters, you will often get lost.
The adults, larvae and hives of wasps can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine, and can be taken orally or externally.
Wasps can prey on bees, tussah and so on. In orchard areas, they often bite fruits, which leads to reduced production. Bee venom is very toxic, and the injured person is very painful, which can lead to disability or death in severe cases. But wasps generally don't attack people and animals actively. Except in bee-keeping and sericulture areas and near orchards, wasps are indeed natural enemies of pests and should be protected by people.
Emergency treatment:
1. mild sting: wasp venom is acidic, so it should be washed with alkaline water.
2. If it is moderate, you can immediately squeeze the stung part with your hands to squeeze out the venom, which can greatly reduce the redness and allergic reaction. Or you can immediately wash the stung part with weak acid liquid such as vinegar, and tie a tourniquet near the wound heart, relaxing once every 15 minutes, and the ligation time should not exceed 2 hours. Go to the hospital as soon as possible.
Prevention of poisoning: wear long pants when working in areas with dense wasps, and pay attention to the protection of face and hands; Don't provoke wasps.
Control of wasps
The wasp is one of the important natural enemies of bees in mountain areas in autumn. Vespa vespa is a HYMENOPTERA insect that kills honey-stealing bees and is the main enemy of mountain bee farms in summer and autumn. The common wasp species in China are 1 15, and the wasps that harm the beekeeping industry are mainly wasps, also known as wasps, wasps with yellow edges, wasps with black shields and wasps with hibiscus. The wasp is 22-30mm long. Most of them live in groups, and there are female bees, worker bees and drones in each group. After mating and fertilization in early winter, the last generation of female bees hibernate in the shelter. The next spring, the female bees began to feed, nest and lay eggs. Wasps mostly nest in branches, tree holes and eaves. Female bees can live for more than 65,438+0 years. Most males live in the last generation of that year.
1. Poisoning method: net live wasps with insect traps, then put them in a jar full of powder with anti-sting gloves (pay attention to personal protection, it is not fun to be stung by wasps), cover them and release them for about 1 minute, so that the wasps will not die on the spot or poison other family members on the way back. This method is vicious and ecologically balanced.
2. Combustion method: Tie a piece of cotton wool on a special iron arrow or long bamboo pole, pour gasoline or diesel oil on the cotton wool and light it. Firefighters in anti-bee suits will directly burn the hives in the forest with torches. This method is generally effective for beehives with wild branches below 8 meters, but its shortcomings remain to be discussed.
2. Bagging method: It refers to using 1 m square cloth bag, placing it on the balcony, window or the lower part of the house, and putting the whole cage into the bag. When dismantling, the action should be light, accurate and fast. As long as the "three essentials" are well done, the adults and larvae in the cage can be completely eliminated under normal circumstances. This method generally does not leave "sequelae".
3. Shooting method: it means that the air gun bullet is treated, cotton is tied to the back of the lead bullet, and then it is stained with poison, and the air gun is shot at the honeycomb, so that the "poison bullet" is left in the honeycomb, and its efficacy slowly spreads, resulting in the death of wasps in the honeycomb. Blasting method is suitable for honeycomb with height over 10 meter. But this method can't be used in a short time, because the dose of poison coated on the "bullet" is very small.
4. Tree cutting method: mainly in the case that the fire method and shooting method can't be used, the tree is cut down with a hornet's nest. When a tree falls down, it will be destroyed by bagging or pouring gasoline. This method is generally not used. Because it consumes a lot of physical strength of firefighters and destroys trees, it is not worth popularizing.
5. Water flushing method: after the beehive is pressurized, it is directly broken with a large-caliber water cannon of a fire truck. This method is very simple and saves time and effort. It usually takes only 1 minute or a few seconds to destroy a cage of beehives, but the water flushing method is limited by the terrain and can only be used in places where fire engines can park along the highway.
6. Poisoning method: This method is to tie cotton to a self-made small iron arrow, then dip it in highly toxic pesticides such as dichlorvos and Baomianfeng, and then gently insert the "poison arrow" into the beehive with a special combination long rod, so that the "poison arrow" will stay in the beehive forever, and the venom will spread rapidly in the beehive, and all the wasps in the cage can be poisoned in a few minutes, because players are generally not disturbed by this method.
7. Prevention method: Spray pesticides on cow dung collected from wasp nests from spring to summer.
8. Beating: Put the dead wasp carcasses on the bee farm, lure them to fly for food, and beat them to destroy them.
9. Trapping and killing method: put 3/4 honey vinegar (diluted vinegar mixed with honey) in a jar and hang it near the bee farm to trap and kill wasps.
Hunted wasps can also be used well, except poisoning:
Medicinal value of wasp
Bees are sweet in taste and warm in nature, and are mainly used to treat rheumatic joint pain. Honeycomb can be used as Chinese herbal medicine, which has the effects of relieving pain, expelling worms, reducing swelling and detoxifying. It is mainly used to treat epilepsy, rheumatic joint pain, breast abscess, toothache, stubborn tinea and cancer. Bee venom is a good medicine for expelling wind and removing dampness, treating acute rheumatic pain and rheumatoid arthritis, and people in Taiwan Province Province should bring it back to the mainland. Bee venom can be treated. This is of great significance to the research and production of new pharmaceutical products. At present, there are more than 20 kinds of bee venom in the international market, which are quite expensive. At present, bee venom in China is about 6.3 million yuan per kilogram, which is one of the most expensive toxins in the world, and the international market price is as high as 23 million dollars per ounce.
Edible value of wasps
In recent years, with the development of national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, delicacy, nutrition, health care and returning to nature have become new goals pursued by people. Bee pupa dishes are more favored by people with special animals, special nutrition and special value. As a kind of bee pupa with strong game, full nutritional value and high medicinal effect, it has become a new fashion for people to consume. At present, wasp products have been widely used in people's lives. China has a large population and a vast consumer market, especially in Guangzhou, Taiwan Province, Hongkong, Guangxi, Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, the hornet has become a hot commodity in the game products, and only the markets such as Taiwan Province, Guangzhou and Guangxi are in short supply. People in Taiwan Province Province believe in bodhisattvas, and there is a small door behind them. Put the wasp in the small door and close it tightly. It means "Want Want". Therefore, in Taipei, each wasp can be sold to 50 yuan, which is about RMB 12.5 yuan. At present, wasp products imported from Japan and South Korea are far from meeting the market demand. In addition, wasp larvae and pupae are rich in nutrients and can develop various nutritious foods.
The wasp has high nutritional value and is rich in protein and fat. Protein content, wasp 865,438+0%, cricket 75%, cicada 72%, earthworm 65%, locust 60%, bee 43%. Bee pupa has the functions of strengthening body constitution, benefiting stomach and relieving pain, regulating qi and resolving phlegm, and beauty beauty. Has special functions of treating diabetes and resisting cancer.
Bee pupa is an ideal nutritious food, which contains many vitamins and trace elements. Bee pupa can be used as both food and nutritional health care products. According to the data, bee pupa contains protein 20.3%, fat 7.5%, carbohydrate 19.5%, trace elements 0.5% and water 42.7%. The nutritional value of bee pupa is not lower than that of pollen, especially the content of vitamin A is much higher than that of beef, which is only available in protein. Vitamin D is 10 times that of dried fish oil, and is known as "ginseng in the sky". It is a pure natural high-grade nutritional product, and is also rich in protein, amino acids, germanium, selenium, vitamins, calcium and so on. In addition, bee pupa is rich in dozens of enzymes beneficial to human body.
Professor Sang Baola, a health expert at Xiyuan Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that eating some insects can really play a cosmetic role. Insects are rich in various nutrients necessary for human body, including protein and fat. Facts have proved that eating insects regularly can help people overcome modern urban diseases such as obesity and high blood pressure. In the west, eating insects has begun to be accepted by people. In some specialty food stores in London, you can even buy canned goods made of crickets, bees and caterpillars. In Britain, there are farms that specialize in raising insects.
Many entomologists believe that insect food is an ideal food for human beings because of its fast reproduction, high protein, low fat, low cholesterol and low fiber. They predict that the prospect of developing insects is very bright and will become a new food trend in 2 1 century. Therefore, raising wasps has high economic benefits and broad development prospects. This is a very promising breeding and development project.
Market sales forecast:
As a game, bees began to enter restaurants, hotels and public tables. According to the survey, in a city with a population of 200,000, with 400% purchasing power, they can consume 5,000 kilograms of commercial wasps every day (this nest is a conservative figure). How many cities in China with a population of 200,000 eat a lot of wasps every day? These figures are incalculable. In addition, we also have game food production lines, picnic king chain stores and special animal wholesale markets all over the country.