Autism, also known as autism, is characterized by social barriers, rigid behavior and narrow interests. It is characterized by social disorder, verbal communication disorder and repetitive rigid behavior.
First, social barriers are mainly manifested as the following symptoms:
1. Little or no eye contact.
2. Do not pay attention to others, and are not interested in other people's activities and behaviors.
3. Autistic children will not react when they are called by others.
I like being alone, but I don't want to participate in activities with others. It is difficult to participate in group activities.
5. I don't understand the rules of social interaction and have no sense of rules.
6. Lack of awareness of active communication and active sharing.
Second, the main manifestations of verbal communication barriers:
1. No language, little language or parroting.
Without correct pronunciation and intonation, you, me and him will not be used correctly.
I don't know how to start a conversation, and I can't talk to others all the time.
4. Can't use gestures, body language and other nonverbal communication.
Third, the main performance of rigid behavior:
1. Narrow interest and rigid behavior: Most autistic children can't play with toys correctly, and even don't like toys. They prefer to play with household appliances, household appliances (such as light switches and buttons) and so on. They can play alone for hours or even longer, and they are also very capable of operating such items, and they can teach themselves without a teacher. For toys, such as cars, they may just turn the wheel and watch it turn, with fixed play and unimaginative games.
2. self-stimulation's behavior: Some autistic children will constantly rub their hands, wave, jump and clap their hands to seek self-stimulation's behavior.
3. Self-injury or aggressive behavior: Some autistic children will have obvious self-injury behaviors, such as hitting themselves and hitting their heads against the wall; Some autistic children have aggressive behaviors, such as hitting, biting and throwing things.
At present, there are no drugs for treating autism, and it is deceptive to say that drugs can cure autism. Early detection, early treatment. The earlier the treatment age, the more obvious the improvement. Family education is very important, and parents should also carry out corresponding family education at home. At present, the mainstream intervention methods for autism include applied behavior analysis (ABA), education course for children with autism and related disorders (TEACCH) and relationship development intervention (RDI).
First, the application of behavioral analysis therapy (ABA):
Applied behavior analysis is the most effective internationally certified method to intervene autism: based on behaviorism principle and applied behavior analysis, positive reinforcement is the main factor to promote the development of various abilities of autistic children. Applied behavior analysis is to decompose the objectives and tasks (that is, to impart knowledge, skills, behaviors, habits, etc. ) break down into a series of smaller or relatively independent steps in a certain way and order, and then adopt appropriate reinforcement methods to train each small step step step by step according to the order determined by task decomposition until children master all the steps and can finally complete the task independently and apply the knowledge and skills they have learned in other occasions. From 1998 to 2004, the hearings and court judgments of applied behavior analysis related to American laws show that ABA has been affirmed as the most effective intervention strategy in autism education.
Second, the treatment and education course for children with autism and related disorders (TEACCH) training:
According to the ability and behavior characteristics of autistic children, this course designs personalized training content to educate children's defects in language, communication, sensory movement and so on. The core is to improve the understanding and obedience of autistic children to the environment, education and training content.
Third, interpersonal relationship training method:
Focus on the development of interpersonal communication and adaptability of autistic children, and emphasize the "guided participation" of parents. On the basis of evaluating children's current development level, we use a systematic method to trigger the motivation of autistic children to use social skills step by step, so that their acquired skills can be transferred in different situations, and finally children can develop the ability to share experiences with others, enjoy communication fun and establish long-term friendship.