When the patient's heart stops, the method of squeezing the heart with external force to temporarily maintain the blood supply function of the heart is called chest massage first aid. When the patient's heart stops beating, you should immediately knock 2~3 times on the patient's chest and sternum. If it doesn't work, you should massage your chest immediately. The specific approach is:

1. Let the patient lie on his back, put a hard board on his back, or move the patient to the ground with the mattress.

2. The rescuer kneels beside the patient, puts one hand at the junction of the middle and lower sternum 1/3 of the patient, and the other hand on the back of the hand, with the elbow straight, and quickly presses the sternum down to make it sink 3 cm, and then relaxes to reset the sternum. This is repeated about 75 times per minute. Don't push too hard or press the wrong part when pressing.

3. Need to cooperate with artificial respiration at the same time.

artificial respiration

Artificial respiration is a method of emergency respiratory resuscitation for patients with respiratory arrest and an important means of on-site first aid. There are many methods of artificial respiration, and the best are mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

First, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration

Specific practices are as follows:

1. Untie the clothes of the injured person and let his chest expand freely without affecting his breathing.

2. Remove food and sundries that hinder breathing from the mouth of the injured person. When the base of the tongue sinks, wrap your fingers with gauze and pull out your tongue.

3. Let the injured lie flat and open the airway.

4. The rescuer is located at the side of the injured person's head, holding the injured person's nostril with one hand, then taking a deep breath, clinging to and covering the injured person's lips and blowing hard, and stopping blowing immediately after finding that the patient's chest is enlarged.

5. When the rescuer takes a breath, he should leave the injured person's lips quickly, loosen the injured person's nostrils, let him breathe automatically, and observe whether his chest sinks. The rescuer inhaled fresh air to prepare for the next artificial respiration.

6. The strength and frequency of blowing should be moderate, and it is best to keep it for about 5 seconds. At the same time, pay close attention to the chest of the injured. If there is any movement in the chest, stop blowing immediately.

7. Give the baby artificial respiration, you can use the mouth-to-mouth method, don't pinch your nose, and don't blow too hard.

Second, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration

There are three main differences between this method and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation:

1. The rescuer should hold the injured person's jaw, open the nasal cavity and throat, and hold the injured person's lips to prevent air leakage.

2. After the rescuer takes a deep breath, blow into the injured person's nasal cavity with great force and for a long time.

3. After the rescuer blows, feel whether the injured person exhales spontaneously with his cheeks.

Other steps are basically the same as mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.

Skin-to-skin detoxification

Local disinfection of skin should be carried out from outside to inside according to the order of absorption, elimination and washing and triangular gauze adsorption method. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

1. Take out the gauze with tweezers, and touch the infected part of the skin with the tip of triangular gauze without rubbing it back and forth.

2. Take out the cotton ball with tweezers, soak the cotton ball with disinfectant, take it out with tweezers, and wipe the affected area from outside to inside for 3 to 4 times.

3. After disinfection, use tweezers and take a cotton ball to clean the infected area.

4. Disinfection must be thorough, and triangular gauze adsorption method should be used.

Hemostasis matching method

Posttraumatic hemorrhage can be divided into external hemorrhage and internal hemorrhage. The internal bleeding is serious and cannot be treated on the spot, so we must send it to the hospital quickly. How to stop external bleeding?

If the wound is small, wash it with normal saline if possible, then cover the wound with sterile gauze and wrap it with bandage or triangular towel. Unconditionally, you can clean the wound with tap water filtered by the water purifier, sterilized well water and cold boiled water, and then cover it with a clean towel or other soft cloth.

After the wound is contaminated, as long as it is fully detoxified within 6 hours, it will generally not fester. No matter what causes the bleeding, there is the possibility of tetanus, and preventive measures must be taken immediately. Common measures to deal with bleeding are as follows:

First, the general method of hemostasis

1. Press to stop bleeding. Apply a clean cloth or towel to the wound and directly press 10~20 minutes.

2. After stopping bleeding, gently wrap it with bandage, not too tight.

Don't pad the wound with absorbent cotton or toilet paper, and don't apply medicine to the wound.

4. If the wound is polluted by dirty things, rinse it with sterilized cold water or cold boiled water first, and don't use soap.

5. Don't wipe off the blood clots and plasma around the bleeding wound, and don't pull out foreign bodies such as glass sheets in the wound. You should go to the hospital at once.

Second, acupressure in different parts stops bleeding.

1. Bleeding on the head. Press the beating point of the superficial anterior auricular artery with index finger or thumb.

2. facial bleeding. If there is bleeding on one side of the face, use the index finger or the other four fingers to press in the direction of the cervical vertebra at the pulsation of the common carotid artery. Do not press on both sides at the same time.

3. Shoulder and armpit bleeding. Press the pulse of subclavian artery after the midpoint of the clavicle on the same side with the index finger, and press it to the depth of the first rib.

4. Forearm bleeding. Press the tapping point at the biceps groove on the inner side of the upper arm with one finger.

5. Hand bleeding. Press the hitting point inside and outside the wrist with both thumbs.

6. Bleeding below the thigh. When saving oneself, the thumbs of both hands overlap, and the hitting place slightly below the upper thigh and groin midpoint is pressed hard.

7. Foot bleeding. Press the posterior tibial artery near the ankle joint in the middle of the dorsum of the foot and between the medial heel and ankle with the index finger and thumb.

Third, tamponade to stop bleeding

For vascular injury and soft tissue bleeding, use sterile bandage or gauze to fill the wound and compress it, and put a large piece of sterile dressing on the outside for pressure dressing.

Fourth, if the wound is large and there is more bleeding, it is necessary to apply pressure to stop bleeding.

Make a cushion with gauze, etc. , put it on the sterile dressing of the wound, and then wrap it with bandage or triangular towel under pressure. The pressure of dressing should be moderate to stop bleeding without affecting the blood flow at the distal end of the limb. For vascular injury and soft tissue bleeding, use sterile bandage or gauze to fill the wound and compress it, and put a large piece of sterile dressing on the outside for pressure dressing.

Five, the larger limb arterial bleeding, tourniquet should be used.

Rubber band, wide cloth strip, triangle towel, towel, etc. Can be used.

Wrapping and frying method

Bandage is one of the basic technologies in battlefield rescue and family medical rescue, which directly affects the life safety and health of the wounded and sick. The commonly used dressing materials are triangular towels and bandages, and other materials can also be used instead. The following are the dressing methods, and different methods should be adopted according to the different injured parts.

1. Head dressing. Fold the triangle towel into two layers, about two fingers wide, put it above the forehead Qi Mei, and pull the top corner to the back of the skull. After the two bottom corners of the triangle towel are pulled to the pillow through the ear, first tie a half knot, press the top corner, put the top corner into the knot, and then tie the left and right bottom corners on the forehead.

2. facial makeup. Tie a knot at the top of the triangle towel, put it on your chin, pull the bottom edge to the pillow, lift the two bottom corners, tighten and cross press the bottom edge, then wrap it around your forehead, and cut holes in your eyes, mouth and nose after wrapping it.

3. Bandage the chest and back. Take two swallowtail towels, tie the bottom corners together, put the joint on one side of the underarm ribs, tie the other two swallowtail bottom corners around the opposite chest back, and then pull the left and right corners of the swallowtail on the chest back to the two shoulders to tie a knot.

4. Knee joint dressing. The top corner of the triangle towel is covered on the knee joint upwards, and the bottom edge is folded backwards. After crossing left and right, it is pulled forward above the joint to press the top corner knot.

5. bandage your hands and feet. Place the palm and foot center down on the triangular scarf, with fingers and toes pointing to the top corner of the triangular scarf, pull the two bottom corners to the back of the hand and the instep, cross left and right to press the top corner, and tie a knot at the wrist and ankle.