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Laminated wood floor
Section 1 Strengthening the Basic Knowledge of Wood Flooring
1 definition
Laminated wood flooring is commonly known as "golden steel plate", and the standard name is "impregnated paper laminated wood flooring". Specifically defined as: it is a floor made by impregnating one or more layers of special paper with thermosetting amino resin, spreading it on the surface of artificial base materials such as particleboard, medium density fiberboard and high density fiberboard, adding a balance layer on the back and a wear-resistant layer on the front, and hot pressing at high temperature.
2 background
Laminated wood flooring rose in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century, aiming at protecting natural forest resources, nature and ecological environment. Using artificial fast-growing forest, wood fiber is obtained through peeling, crushing, cooking and impurity removal, and then pressed by modern technology.
In 1990s, European laminate flooring began to land in China, represented by Fillinger and Icon. In just ten years, laminate flooring has quickly won the favor of Chinese people with its excellent quality, simplicity and practicality.
The rapid rise of laminate flooring in the world is not only due to environmental factors, but also because it is suitable for the needs of the younger generation: due to the application of high technology, it can widely meet the needs of modern family gatherings and businesses, whether it is the texture of colors, the richness and fashion of patterns, waterproof, flame retardant and wear-resistant.
Section 2 Quality Elements of Strengthened Wood Flooring
1 structure
The structure of laminate flooring is mainly divided into four layers, namely, wear-resistant layer, decorative layer, base material layer and balance layer.
1. 1 wear-resistant layer
The main components of the wear-resistant layer are special paper and alumina, which are the same as those of synthetic diamond. (the key to the life of laminate flooring), high-quality wear-resistant paper has high wear resistance, high transparency and excellent physical and mechanical properties. The wear resistance of wear-resistant paper is usually measured by the gram weight of alumina per square meter.
Features: Very wear-resistant, and flame retardant, able to withstand the burning of cigarette butts.
1.2 decorative layer
It is made of specially treated wood derivatives and impregnated with thermosetting resin. Generally speaking, the color of the floor and the tree species are determined by colored paper. The production of colored paper is to take a tree species, split it, take photos, scan it into a computer, modify it, and then print it in large quantities through professional large-scale printing equipment.
Features: stable performance, waterproof, anti-ultraviolet, not easy to fade, rich in styles.
1.3 base
The substrate is divided into high density board, medium density board and particleboard. Collect wood from economic fast-growing forest, process it into wood fiber, cook it, remove impurities, add glue, and press it into density board at high temperature and high pressure. The greater the density, the greater the internal bonding strength.
Features: impact resistance, retaining the characteristics of wood.
1.4 equilibrium layer
The thickness of the balance layer is about equal to the thickness of the wear-resistant layer and the decorative layer, so that the floor is evenly stressed during processing and use.
Features: Moisture-proof and stable.
2 production process flow
To put it simply, the production process of laminate flooring is to stack the wear-resistant layer, decorative layer, base material layer and balance layer at the same time, press them into the original board with a press at high temperature, and then make laminate flooring by cutting and grooving.
2. 1 raw material procurement
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2.2 check:
Density board inspection: the items include appearance inspection and physical and chemical performance inspection.
Appearance dimension inspection: length deviation/width deviation/thickness deviation/diagonal deviation.
Physical and chemical properties test: density deviation/moisture content/water absorption thickness expansion rate/bonding strength/static bending strength/formaldehyde emission in medium density fiberboard.
Balance paper testing items mainly include:
Weight \ Impregnation amount \ Pre-curing degree \ Volatilization amount
Decorative paper test:
Weight \ impregnation amount \ pre-curing degree \ volatilization amount \ absorbance, etc.
Wear-resistant paper test:
Before: weight \ impregnation amount \ precuring degree \ volatilization amount \ average distribution.
Rear: Wear-resistant revolutions
2.3 Production stamping process
Step 1: Feed the high-grade balance paper, and then enter the density board. The front desk feeder covers the wear-resistant paper on the decorative paper in advance. When the density board and the balance paper enter the front desk of the rail pressing, they are covered together. Finally, push them into the printing machine and start the paperboard program of the printing machine:
2.5 curing period
The purpose of health:
Make semi-finished products fully contact with the surrounding environment, communicate and interact with the air, find out some bent, deformed, cracked and blasted floors, and prevent bad floors from leaving the factory from the source. According to the mature experience in the history of laminate flooring production, the curing period is generally 10 day.
2.6 slotting
Slotting process:
Open two ends first (fixed length);
Open two sides again (fixed width);
Slotting must make the floor face down and the back face up. (The inspector checks every 3 minutes)
2.7 packaging
……
2.8 finished product inspection
Test items:
Abrasion resistance test
Internal bond strength test
Product quality inspection (height difference, flat seam)
Formaldehyde content detection
3 main technical indicators
Since August 1 day, 2000, the national standard for laminated wood flooring has been formally implemented. Laminate flooring is called laminate flooring because it has an extra wear-resistant layer than traditional flooring. The wear-resistant precision of this wear-resistant layer is 10-30 times higher than that of painted floor. The higher the wear-resistant revolution, the wider its application range and the longer its service life.
The so-called wear-resistant revolution refers to taking a piece of 10cm× 10cm floor in the laboratory and polishing it with grinding wheel paper until the decorative paper is exposed, in which the revolution of the machine is wear-resistant revolution. According to the national standard, the wear-resistant revolution is ≥ 6,000 revolutions, which can meet the needs of household use, and the wear-resistant revolution is ≥ 9,000 revolutions, which can meet the use standards of public places.
3. 1 Wear resistance standard:
The wear-resistant layer is a wear-resistant agent composed of alumina which is uniformly pressed on the surface of the reinforced floor. The content of alumina and the thickness of the film determine the number of revolutions of wear resistance. The wear-resistant revolution of about 30 grams of alumina per square meter is about 4000 revolutions; The wear-resistant revolution of 38 grams of alumina per square meter is about 5000 revolutions; The wear-resistant revolution of 44 grams of alumina per square meter should be around 9000 revolutions. The greater the alumina content and thickness per square meter, the higher the revolution and the more wear-resistant.
The initial wear resistance of laminated wood flooring is above 6000 rpm, which is equivalent to the European standard AC3.
The European standard * * * has five wear-resistant grades of AC 1-AC5. AC 1 and AC2 are household standards, and the wear-resistant revolution is above 6000 revolutions, and the wear-resistant degree of solid wood flooring can only reach the level of AC 1-AC2; AC3 and above are commercial standards, and wear-resistant revolutions are above 9000 revolutions; The wear-resistant revolution of AC4 is between 12000- 15000; AC5 is the highest level, equivalent to 15000 rpm or more.
3.2 Formaldehyde content standard
Because all adhesives in the production of laminate flooring contain free formaldehyde, if the poor sealing around the floor releases excessive formaldehyde, it will do harm to human body. According to the national standard GB 18580-200 1, when the dryer method is used for testing, the laminated wood floor must conform to the E 1 standard, that is, the formaldehyde emission shall not exceed1.5 mg/L; The climate box method for laminated wood flooring shall not exceed 0. 12mg/m? .
3.3 Water absorption thickness expansion rate:
The water absorption thickness expansion rate reflects the water resistance of the product, and the lower the index value, the better the water resistance. If the floor with poor water resistance is not tightly sealed in a humid environment, it may swell obviously and cause dimensional changes. Excessive size change will cause the floor to arch and affect the service life of the floor. For products with the same density, the greater the water absorption thickness expansion rate, the worse the dimensional stability. According to the national standard, the water absorption thickness expansion rate is less than 10%, and the first-class product should be less than or equal to 4.5%. Excellent products should be less than or equal to 2.5%.
3.4 Impact resistance:
This index reflects the impact resistance of the product. The drop ball test was carried out to observe whether there was any depression on the surface of the sample after the heavy ball fell. Excellent product is less than or equal to 9mm；; First-class products and qualified products are less than or equal to 12mm, and laminated wood floors usually have no obvious depressions.
3.5 dimensional stability:
This index reflects the change of product size caused by the change of indoor temperature and humidity, and it is qualified if it does not exceed 0.5 mm
3.6 Substrate density:
At present, there are mainly two kinds of substrates for laminated wood flooring: one is high-density fiberboard with a density of 0.80-0.94g/ m? The other is particleboard with special shape. According to the national standard GB/T 18 102, the matrix density is equal to or higher than 0.80g/m3. The higher the density of the substrate, the higher the mechanical properties and impact resistance of the floor. But the bigger the better. Under the same conditions, the higher the substrate density, the greater the water absorption thickness expansion rate and the worse the dimensional stability.
Solid wood composite floor
Section 1 Basic knowledge of solid wood composite flooring
A definition
Solid wood composite floor refers to a tongue-and-groove floor made of solid wood panel or veneer as the surface layer, solid wood strip as the core layer, veneer as the bottom layer (three layers of solid wood) or veneer as the surface layer, and plywood as the base material (multi-layers of solid wood). This kind of floor is determined by the surface tree species (GB/T 18 103-2000).
Classification of solid wood composite flooring
1 multilayer solid wood composite floor
1. 1 Structure and description of multi-layer solid wood composite floor;
■ Paint surface: commonly used UV paint and PU paint. Adhesion of paint film is an important index to measure the quality of paint film. The adhesion of paint film is tested according to the requirements of GB/T 4893.4, and a small amount of intermittent peeling is allowed at the incision and the incision.
Surface paint film has wear resistance, and surface wear resistance is an index to test the wear resistance of surface paint film. The principle of testing surface wear resistance is to measure the surface wear and the ability to protect the paint film after the paint film on the product surface rubs against a grinding wheel with a certain particle size for a certain number of revolutions. The national standard GB/T 1803-2000 has made strict regulations on surface wear resistance. First-class products and first-class products must be ≤0.08g/ 100r, and the paint film should not be worn through. Qualified products must be ≤0. 15g/ 100r, and the paint film should not be worn through.
■ Surface course: The surface course is often decorative veneer or jigsaw puzzle, and birch, oak, maple and cherry are more expensive tree species; Common thickness specifications are: 0.3mm, 0.6mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 2.0 mm and 4.0mm. ..
■ Base material: The base material is special plywood, and the general materials are willow and birch. Special plywood shall not be lower than the technical requirements of second-class products in GB/T 9846.1-9846.12 and GB/T 13009. At the same time, the substrate should be strictly selected and processed, and no defects affecting the quality of decorative surfaces should be left.
■ Ground floor: The ground floor is generally made of willow and birch. The thickness of common specifications is 2.0mm.
Production technology of three solid wood composite floors
1 separation of raw materials
According to the requirements, base materials (plywood, core curtain), veneer (precious tree species), backboard, etc. Test and classify according to physical and chemical characteristics, specifications, surface defects, etc. And sort out the unqualified materials such as decay, wormholes, discoloration and pollution, and don't put them into production.
2 pressure paste
After the base material, veneer/panel and backboard are glued, they are pressed by cold pressing and hot pressing respectively. The main process control factors are sizing amount, hot pressing time, hot pressing temperature and hot pressing pressure. This production process is the most critical link in the production of solid wood composite flooring, which will affect the moisture content and stability of the flooring.
3 medical care
The pressed floor needs to be cured for a period of time, mainly to balance the internal stress and moisture content of the floor and dissipate heat, so as to control the warping of the floor and improve the bonding strength of the floor.
4. Slicing, classification and constant thickness grinding
The cured floor will be sliced, sorted and polished to a certain thickness, mainly to make the floor flat and level, and reduce the height.
5 slotting
Slotting is also an important link in the production of solid wood composite flooring, and the quality control of slotting will directly affect the height difference and seam of the flooring.
6 sealing technology, film covering technology
This process is mainly waterproof around the floor, and the back of the floor is painted or coated with aluminum film, which is mainly used to delay the moisture absorption and release of the floor and play a waterproof and moisture-proof role, thus making the floor stable, not easy to deform and beautiful.
7 paint
Through advanced infiltration technology, this process infiltrates paint into the gaps of wood fibers, fills the capillaries and conduits of wood, restores the real wood grain, makes the floor surface wear-resistant and scratch-resistant, and keeps the paint surface bright and moist for a long time. Process control has an important influence on the physical and chemical indexes such as adhesion, wear resistance, scratch resistance and formaldehyde content of the paint film on the floor surface.
8 color separation packaging
Because the surface layer of solid wood composite floor is natural wood, it is a natural phenomenon that the color and pattern of trees are uneven due to different factors such as planting location, sunlight, temperature and humidity, and there will inevitably be color difference problems. Therefore, although the surface layer of our solid wood has been strictly sorted in the early stage of production, the finished product still needs to undergo strict color separation number (sorting by color system) before packaging. Floors with different color numbers are packaged according to product categories, specifications and grades, and detailed Chinese installation instructions are provided according to their own product characteristics to avoid bumping, scratching and fouling during packaging. Then paste the relevant labels and plastic package.
9 palletizing and finished product warehousing.
The difference between solid wood composite floor and plywood, solid wood floor and laminate floor.
1 the difference between solid wood composite floor and plywood
Plywood 1. 1 is a group of boards that are usually glued together vertically according to the wood grain direction of adjacent layers. Usually, its surface plate and inner plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central layer or plate core. According to the appearance grade, the surface board can be a whole single board, or several single boards with equal speed or different width can be spliced together along the edge. However, spelling, color matching and allowable defects should be combined with GB/T 9846.4-2004. The inner veneer of plywood includes veneers spliced with or without any width. The inner veneer is allowed to contain material defects and processing defects, but it should be combined with the provisions of GB/T9846.4—2004. Like solid wood composite flooring, the variety of plywood panels is the variety of plywood.
1.4 The base material of multi-layer solid wood flooring is special plywood, and its thickness accuracy, surface treatment and appearance quality are higher than those of general plywood. It must meet the technical requirements of second-class products in GB/T 9846.1-9856.12 and GB/T 13009. It must undergo strict selection and processing, and there must be no defects that affect the veneer quality.
2 The difference between solid wood composite flooring and solid wood flooring
Solid wood floor is a floor directly processed from wood, and the whole floor is made of the same material. It is characterized by natural patterns, elasticity, comfortable feet and good sound absorption effect. The disadvantage is that the color difference is relatively large, the dry-wet expansion rate is high, and it is easy to crack and deform. Because the material is soft, it is easy to cause scratches. Due to the influence of raw material prices, the price of solid wood flooring is relatively high. At the same time, the solid wood floor has extremely high installation requirements and is not easy to install.
Solid wood composite flooring is made of solid wood panels or veneers as the surface layer, solid wood strips as the core layer, veneers as the bottom layer (three layers of solid wood) or veneers as the surface layer, and special plywood as the base material (multi-layers of solid wood). It retains the elegance and comfortable foot feeling of natural solid wood flooring, and at the same time has incomparable advantages of solid wood flooring, which is mainly manifested in that the base material structure of solid wood composite flooring is a crisscross structure of fibers of various layers of boards, which not only offsets the internal stress of wood, but also changes the unidirectional characteristics of wood. Therefore, it has good stability, and has the characteristics that the reinforced floor is not easy to deform and crack, insect-proof, nonflammable, not easy to tilt and convenient to install.
The price of solid wood composite flooring is cheaper than that of solid wood flooring. With the continuous shortage of wood supply, it will be a substitute for solid wood flooring. (See Table 4)
3 The difference between solid wood composite flooring and laminate flooring
Solid wood composite flooring and laminate flooring are both wood products, but there are great differences between them.
The reinforced floor is printed with wood grain paper to obtain rich wood grain color; Using medium and high density fiberboard as substrate, the cost is relatively low; At the same time, strengthening the good wear resistance of the floor makes the floor last as long as new, and the texture is warm and warm, which is very popular among consumers, especially the public. However, it is greatly influenced by the quality of fiberboard (water absorption thickness expansion rate, bonding strength, formaldehyde release, etc.). ), and the thickness is thin, and the performance is not as good as that of solid wood composite floor (foot feeling, stability, etc.). ).
The surface layer of solid wood composite floor is made of tree species with beautiful texture, few resources and expensive price, and the base material is made of wood with stable physical and chemical properties, which not only embodies the characteristics of solid wood floor, but also saves resources and is relatively cheap (floor with the same grade of tree species). At the same time, due to the crisscross structure, its performance is more stable (the deformation is smaller than that of solid wood flooring and laminate flooring, and the deformation is 1/65438+ of solid wood flooring).
Five-strengthened solid wood composite floor
Reinforced solid wood composite floor, also known as digital floor, is a new floor. Its surface is taken from natural wood, and the digital core imported from Germany is adopted in the middle. In other words, compared with solid wood flooring, about 20 mm in the middle of digital flooring is changed from solid wood to digital board core. Digital floor not only has the foot feeling, elasticity and smooth surface of solid wood floor, but also avoids the shortcomings of poor stability of solid wood floor, and has excellent waterproof and moisture-proof performance, which can be installed like composite floor or solid wood floor.
Solid wood flooring
Section 1 Classification of Solid Wood Flooring
There are three classification methods: shape, texture and tree species:
1 divided by wood shape:
1. 1 strip wood floor: a strip wood floor is a single rectangular board laid in a certain direction and pattern on the ground. The length and type of strip plates are different. The seam of strip wood floor is divided into flat mouth and wedge mouth. The flat mouth is a wooden strip with six flush sides. Wedge is a special equipment to process the cross section of wood strips into the shape of tenon and groove, which is convenient for fixed installation. Strip wood floor has two advantages: first, there is a large choice of laying patterns; Second, it can be leveled after laying. Therefore, the flatness of the ground is not as strict as the mosaic shape, which is convenient for construction and laying. Disadvantages are: many processes, difficult operation and inevitable roughness.
1.2 parquet floor: This kind of wood floor is made by assembling several (usually four) strip wood floors and patterned wood floors into squares in a well-equipped workshop in advance according to certain patterns and specifications. After purchasing, consumers can re-lay mosaic-shaped plates on the ground (some mosaic floors are pasted with primer behind them, which can be directly pasted on the ground). Because this kind of floor is processed, the quality of assembly process is guaranteed to a certain extent, which is also convenient for construction. However, due to the assembly of several slats in advance, the flatness of the ground is required to be higher, otherwise it will warp immediately.
2 according to the texture of wood:
2. 1 cork floor: generally there are pine or Chinese fir, which is suitable for simple decoration. This material is warm and elastic, and its color ranges from light yellow to dark brown. High-grade cork materials have striped patterns. There are many specifications, such as strip (generally less than 12 cm in width and about 23 cm in thickness), flat plate and rectangle. The disadvantage of this kind of floor is poor wear resistance. In addition, if it is not dried enough, it is easy to deform and crack. This kind of wood floor block is generally called ordinary floor block.
2.2 hardwood floors: generally teak, rosewood, oak, etc. Hardwood flooring is mainly used for indoor floor decoration of hotels, gyms, restaurants, conference rooms, apartments and other civil and industrial buildings. Now people's democratic living standards have improved, and hardwood floors have also entered the homes of ordinary people. This material is more expensive, but it gives people a warm and comfortable feeling. Moreover, hardwood floors are hard, delicate and wear-resistant, and oiled hardwood can also be moisture-proof. Specifications include slats, plates, strips and parquet floors with different patterns.
3 according to the wood type:
3. 1 coniferous wood: coniferous wood is also called coniferous wood or coniferous wood, and it is called cork abroad, which refers to the commercial wood produced by coniferous trees and Taxodiaceae trees. Conifer wood is suitable for wood flooring, such as cypress, bamboo leaf pine, bamboo cypress, cedar, yellow cedar, hemlock and pine. In the past, Chinese fir was mostly used as a floor in the south, but its texture was too soft, not wear-resistant and unsightly, and it was not an ideal material. Conifer wood is mainly used as common floor material.
3.2 hardwood: hardwood, also known as hardwood abroad, refers to the commercial wood produced by dicotyledonous plants. Broadleaf trees are mostly made into parquet floors and strip floors, which are mainly used to decorate rooms. The best are teak, rosewood, oak, mahogany and camphor imported from abroad. There are litchi wood, iron pear wood and longan wood, which have high strength (high-intensity blog, high-intensity news and high-intensity conversation) and are durable. The better materials are Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Walnut, Cinnamomum camphora, Fraxinus mandshurica, Phoebe bournei, etc. Common floors are birch, sandalwood, catalpa bungeana, jujube and locust.
Section 2 Types of Solid Wood Flooring
The types of solid wood flooring are generally divided into the following six types:
1 flat solid wood floor: cuboid in shape, smooth on all sides, straight in edge and simple in manufacturing process.
Tongue-and-groove solid wood floor: the floor is rectangular, and the whole floor is a simple wooden board with tenons and grooves and anti-deformation grooves on the back. The production technical requirements are comprehensive.
3 parquet, parquet solid wood floor: it is made up of several small pieces of floor in a square according to a certain pattern, and its pattern has certain artistry or regularity. Exquisite workmanship and required precision, especially parquet floor, may use a variety of wood, but the performance of different wood is inconsistent.
4. Vertical wooden floor: the cross section of wood is regular quadrangle and regular hexagon, and its processing equipment is relatively simple, but the important link in the processing process is wood modification, and the key is to overcome wet expansion, dry shrinkage and cracking.
Finger joint floor: it is made up of small floor strips with equal width and unequal length, with grooves and tenons. Generally, it has the same structure as tongue-and-groove solid wood floor, with simple installation, natural beauty and less deformation.
6 integrated floor (spliced floor): connect small floor strips with the same width with your fingers, and then horizontally splice multiple finger-jointed materials. This kind of floor has large width, mixed edge and core materials, stable performance and difficult deformation. A single piece can give people a natural aesthetic feeling.
Section 3 Forms of Solid Wood Flooring
There are many forms of solid wood flooring, and the most common ones are the following four:
1 Long tongue-and-groove floor: there are tenons and grooves on both sides, and both ends are flat. The thickness is about 10 20mm, the width is 30 125mm, and the length starts from1.5m. The specific specifications are uncertain. This variety pays special attention to materials and requires high quality. As a floor decoration, it is very stylish and has a strong sense of integrity.
4-sided tongue-and-groove floor: there are tenons and grooves on the side and end face. The thickness and width are similar to those of the long tongue-and-groove floor, and the length is between 0.61.2m. Its stability and stereoscopic effect are better than those of the long tongue-and-groove floor, but its structure is slightly complicated. It is the most used floor at present.
Finger joint floor: the thickness and width are the same as the above two, and the length is about 0.64m.. Generally, there are only tenons and grooves on both sides. This variety is mostly made of raw materials selected in the process of producing four-sided tongue-and-groove flooring, and then spliced with advanced technology after removing defects. Its characteristics are basically no defects, good stability, clear patterns and strong sense of patterns. Because it is made of boards of different lengths, the floor has a unique charm.
4 integrated horizontal tongue-and-groove floor: equivalent to three to five finger-jointed floors. So its width is equivalent to three to five times that of the fingerboard. Its characteristics are the same as those of finger-jointed floor, but the construction is more convenient.
Section 4 Grade of Solid Wood Flooring
According to relevant national standards GB/T 15036-94, the quality of solid wood flooring is divided into four grades:
Excellent product of 1: the board surface has no defects such as cracks, wormholes, decay, bending and dead knots;
2 B grade plate: the plate with the above obvious defects and reduced price is only equivalent to the qualified product grade stipulated by the national standard;
3 This color plate: the unpainted "UV" painting process used in processing is transparent and can truly reflect the true color of wood;
Color palette: injecting specific colors in the process of painting makes it difficult to identify the true quality, characteristics and all defects of wood.
Section 5 Dimensions of Solid Wood Flooring
Generally recognized thickness is18 0.2 mm, width is 9 1(92)+0.3 mm, and length is 6 10+0.3 mm. ..
What meets the above dimensions is the "standard board", otherwise it is called "non-standard board", and the price difference between them is very big.
Customers should pay attention to check the batch of solid wood flooring when purchasing: there is a product quality inspection certificate; Indicate the product name, manufacturer's name and address in Chinese; According to product characteristics and use requirements, indicate product specifications, grades, names and contents of main components, etc.
At the same time, the factory name, product name, implementation standard, product specification, tree species, grade, quantity and production date must also be indicated on the packing box.
Section 6 The price of solid wood flooring varies greatly.
There are many kinds of wood flooring materials on the market, such as rosewood, teak, cajanus cajan and Sang Mu. Among them are black ant wood, elm wood, ash wood, Indian eggplant wood, fiber-skinned pistil, maple wood and so on. Cheap ones include pine. The price ranges from 100 yuan/square meter to 1000 yuan. In the market, the best-selling products are Indian eggplant (commonly known as pineapple) floor, fiber-skinned pistil floor, longan floor and black ant floor, while the slightly higher-end products are teak floor and balsam cajanus floor, and the approximate prices of the two floors are as high as 600 yuan /m2 or even higher.
At present, almost all the raw materials of solid wood flooring in China market are imported from abroad, such as Indian eggplant produced in Southeast Asia; Natural teak is produced in Myanmar and Thailand. At present, Thailand has banned the felling of teak. Cajanus cajan, which has little global production, is produced in Brazil; Oak is produced in Russia; Round beans are produced in Africa.
Section 7 Quality does not depend on materials.
There is a lot of wood in the market. Does it mean that the more expensive the wood material, the better the quality of the floor? In fact, although the price of solid wood flooring is related to wood materials, it is mainly determined by the scarcity of wood, such as teak, which has a growth cycle of nearly a hundred years; Cajanus cajan is more valuable because of its small global output and difficult processing. If the output is small, the price will naturally be high. Many people choose teak or balsam cajanus flooring, which only looks tasteful in appearance, but it is not much different from the flooring made of slightly cheaper wood in quality.
Luo Kui, stationmaster of Beijing Wood Furniture Quality Supervision and Quarantine Station, said that wood materials have an impact on the quality of solid wood flooring. Besides tree species, processing technology, paving quality and use environment are all important factors affecting the quality of solid wood flooring. Precious wood only represents the excellent characteristics of tree species, but it does not mean that the floor made of it must be easy to use. The so-called expensive, mainly refers to the beautiful pattern, beautiful texture, everyone likes it; Followed by a small amount or a long growth cycle.
Solid wood flooring made of precious wood is of good quality. The same kind of wood, due to different processes, the floor quality is also different. On the other hand, even the worst wood can become a good floor as long as the technology is done well.
Consumers don't have to blindly pursue precious wood when buying solid wood floors, but they must first understand the properties of wood. Secondly, they must understand that it is impossible for wood not to deform. Therefore, when buying solid wood flooring, we should not only pay attention to paving and post-maintenance but also consider after-sales service.
Wood is hard and has a certain compressive capacity, so it will not be easily destroyed, but it is easier to crack and deform. The material with lower hardness has better foot feeling, but it needs careful maintenance in home life, such as moving the dining table or furniture, or even stepping on high heels, which may knock the floor out of the pit.
As far as several kinds of middle-grade wood sold well in the market at present are concerned, Indian eggplant (pineapple lattice) has beautiful patterns, a little mahogany feeling, relatively stable materials, good processability, not easy to deform and crack, and moderate prices. The fiber skin and jade core produced in South America have medium strength, strong corrosion resistance and good processability, but the disadvantage is large color difference. Borneol produced in Southeast Asia has moderate hardness, stable performance and relatively small color difference. The difference between heartwood and sapwood of longan wood in Southeast Asia is slightly obvious, with good foot feeling but poor hardness.
What are the performance requirements of the national standard for solid wood flooring?
The current standard in China is GB/T 15036-200 1 Solid Wood Flooring, which is being implemented by most enterprises at present. The standard stipulates the indicators of solid wood flooring from three aspects: appearance quality, processing accuracy and physical and mechanical properties. Its physical and mechanical properties include: water content, surface wear resistance of paint plate, adhesion and hardness of paint film.
1 The moisture content index refers to the moisture content of the solid wood floor in the unopened or just unpacked state in the sales area. Unqualified indicators will cause deformation, warping, arching or joint separation of the floor in use, which will affect the appearance and performance. The national standard stipulates that the moisture content index of solid wood floor is 7% of the equilibrium moisture content of the sales place.
The wear resistance of the painted board surface reflects the wear resistance of the painted surface of the solid wood floor. The unqualified index indicates that the paint quality of the floor is poor, which will affect the service life of the floor. According to the national standard, the surface wear resistance index of the first-class solid wood floor paint board is ≤ 0.08g/100r; First-class products ≤ 0.10g/100rpm; Qualified products ≤ 0. 15g/ 100rpm.
The adhesion of paint film reflects the adhesion strength of paint to solid wood floor, and the unqualified index also shows that the paint quality of floor is poor, which may lead to paint cracking or even falling off in use, and also affect the service life of floor. According to the national standard, the adhesion index of the paint film of the excellent solid wood floor is 0 ~1; Level 1 ≤ level 2; Qualified products ≤ Grade 3.