This article was written under the critical situation that the enemy was under siege and Zhao refused to remonstrate. Touchong took advantage of the situation, combining rigidity with softness, and persuaded Queen Zhao with the principle of "loving his son far-reaching", so that his beloved son could get quality in exchange for reinforcements and relieve the national crisis, and praised Touchong's quality of putting national interests first and his ability to do ideological work.
original work
Touch the dragon and say queen mother Zhao
Queen Zhao used something new, and Qin attacked it urgently. Zhao asked for help. Qi said, "Chang 'an must be the quality, and the soldiers will go out." The queen mother refused, and the minister protested strongly. The queen mother clearly said to the left and right: "If there is a reply that Chang 'an is taken hostage, the old lady will spit on it!"
Zuo made a promise to meet the queen mother. The queen mother was arrogant and bowed to her knees. As soon as I entered, I quickly thanked myself and said, "I'm sick enough to run away, and I can't see it for a long time." I secretly forgive myself, and I am afraid that the Queen Mother will feel ashamed, so I want to see the Queen Mother. " The heavenly queen said, "The old lady walks when she is old." Say, "Did you drink well during the eclipse?" He said, "I rely on porridge ears." He said: "I am an old minister who doesn't want to eat at all, but I am constantly striving for self-improvement. I will benefit from eating less every day, and I will be in harmony with my health. " The queen mother said, "Old women are not allowed." Know a little about the color of the queen mother.
Zuo Shi said, "I am humble and at least unworthy. However, when I am weak, I am willing to make up for the number of black clothes to defend the palace. " . Not dead. Listen! "The queen mother said," keep your promise. Geometry of the year? "Yes, fifteen years old. I would like seek fortune for oneself if I don't fill the ravine. " The queen mother said, "does the husband pity his little son, too?" "Yes, more than one woman." The queen mother smiled and said, "Women are very different! "Yes," the old minister said, "I think the love of the Empress Dowager is better than that of Chang 'an An Jun ... He said," You have passed away, but you are not as good as Chang 'an. " Zuo said, "Parents' love for their children is far-reaching. After seeing Yan off, I cried at his heel. I mourned his distance and I mourned it. If you do, you must make a wish at the sacrifice and say,' Don't rebel.' Haven't children been kings for a long time? "The queen mother said," of course. "
Zuo Shi said, "Before this third life, who can succeed Zhao, his son?" Said, "Nothing." He said, "If you are somewhat independent of Zhao, who is the governor?" "The old woman doesn't smell it." He said, "If this comes near you, it will hurt you. Is it true that the descendants of the master will do evil? Respect without reactive power, thick without effort, and heavy equipment. Today, I respect Chang 'an An Jun's status and give it fertile land, but it is not as good as today's contribution to the country. Once the mountain collapses, why entrust yourself to Zhao? The veteran made a short plan for Chang 'an. So I thought my love was not as good as that of Yan Hou. "Promise," said the Queen Mother. Suit yourself. "
So I took a car to An Jun, Chang 'an, with the same quality and a bloodless sword.
Ziyi listened: "The son of the master, the relative of the same flesh and blood, can't be shameless, happy ever after, and the situation is almost embarrassing."
Word annotation
1. Empress Dowager Cixi: The emperor's mother, here refers to Zhao's mother.
2. new use: just came to power. Utilitarianism: refers to being in power and in charge of state affairs.
3. urgent: step up.
4. Turn to Qi: Turn to Qi. Yu: Xiang, preposition.
5. definitely: definitely. Regard as: regard as.
6. Chang 'an: Zhao's youngest son is called Chang 'an in Zhao.
7. quality: hostages. In ancient times, the communication between the two countries was called "quality" or "proton" under the condition that the princes or children of various factions lived in each other as a guarantee.
8.qiǐng(qiǐng): Do your best.
9. remonstrance: the ancient ministers bluntly advised the king and advised him.
10. Ming: Obviously.
About 1 1: It refers to the courtiers around Zhao.
12. Say it again.
13. Order: make way.
14. Tuck: Tuck, verb. Spit in his face: spit in his face.
15. Zuo Shi: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the official system of Song and Zhao countries included Zuo Shi and You Si, and they were consuls in charge of real power.
16. Speaking: Speaking is the omission of "left and right speaking", and "left and right" inherits the former province. "Left and right" means "to the courtiers of the Queen Mother".
17. Look: an audience.
18. Overbearing: angry.
19. "Xu" should be used. 1973 The silk book "Touching the Dragon" and "Zhao Shiji" unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha are all written with "Xu". Xu: Pass "Xu" and so on.
20. enter: enter the temple.
2 1. Xu Chi: Walk slowly in a fast-paced posture. X: Take your time. Trend: small steps and quick steps. According to the ancient ceremony, when you see you, you must step forward quickly, otherwise it is impolite. Touch the dragon because of old and sick, can't walk fast, and want to make a "trend" posture, so we have to "slow down".
22. Self-confession: voluntary confession. X: Apologize.
23. Sick foot: There is something wrong with the foot. Sick: Sick, verb.
24. Zeng: Jing, adverb.
25. illness: quick.
26. no.
27. See: See the Queen Mother.
28. Steal: privately, privately, an adverb expressing modesty and respect.
29. Forgive yourself: Forgive yourself. Forgive: forgive, forgive.
30. Jade body: Your body, respect words. The ancients valued jade, so they used jade to compare the figure of the queen mother. Later, the word "county" was often used to describe the figure of a beautiful woman.
31.(x √): same as "gap", gap, extended to fault. Mosuo: It is the nominal structure of "suo" and serves as the object of "you". There is something wrong with it.
32. Look: This is a way to show respect, which means that you dare not go too close and can only watch from a distance.
33. by (stone): by.
34.(ni ǐ n): In ancient times, two people pulled a car. After Qin and Han Dynasties, it refers to the car that the emperor took.
35.Day: Every day, time nouns are used as adverbials.
36. Wu De: The adverbial has a fixed structure, echoing the modal particle "Hu", indicating a question with speculative tone, which can be translated as "Should ……".
37. Decline: decrease.
38. Today: Recently. Speaker: auxiliary words, attached to time words, make time words change from monosyllabic words to disyllabic words and play an explanatory role.
39. Special: very special, adverb.
40. Strong (qi ǐ ng) step: barely walk. Step: Go, go, verb.
4 1. Day: every day (walking).
42. Shao: omitted, omitted, adverb.
43. advantage: increase, verb.
44. Zhai (stone): the same as "love", love. Eat: favorite food.
45. Harmony means comfort here.
46. Color: Face refers to the angry look of Empress Zhao.
47. Less solution: less gentleness.
48. Palace: a respectful title for people.
49. a humble son This is a courtesy title to others for their son, which means the same as "son of a dog" and "son of a bitch" now. Son.
50. Shu Qi: The name of Mo Long's youngest son.
5 1.shào: young.
52. Immortality (xiào): Originally it meant not being as wise as one's ancestors. Later, it generally referred to his son's incompetence. Xiao: Yes, yes.
53. pity: pity. In classical Chinese, "love" and "pity" are synonyms in the sense of dear.
54. Order: Let (him). The word "Zhi" is omitted after "Ling", which refers to Shu Qi.
55. Yes.
56. Men in black: refers to guards. The guards in the palace wear black clothes, so "black farmers" are used to refer to the guards. Take: Come on, conjunctions.
57. No (m): I take the liberty. Not dead: at the risk of death.
58. Take: Conjunction, come.
59. smell: let the superior know, use verbs. This can be translated as "request".
60. Jing: polite adverb.
6 1. promise: it means promise. Jingnuo: It means "promise", which is an answer word. Geometry: How much.
62. Wish: Hope.
63. and: take advantage.
64. Gully filling (him): refers to the fact that no one is buried after death, and the body is left in the ravine. This is a modest statement about his own death. Gully: Gully. Entrust: Entrust him to (you).
65. Husband: a general term for adult men in ancient times.
66. What: awesome, adjective.
67. Yu: Bi, preposition.
68. Very different: very powerful.
69. Thinking: Thinking.
70.Eh (m ℉ o): It is the same as the "old lady" today.
7 1. Empress Yan: the daughter of Empress Zhao, married to the Prince.
72. Hyun-woo: Than.
73. Jun: You, your respectful title to people.
74. Yes, it's wrong.
75. What's great? It's great.
76. Son: This refers to ordinary children.
77. Wei: substitution, preposition.
78. Plan: Plan and consider.
Profound: In the long run, as a complement to the verb "self".
80. Keep: Keep.
8 1. Heel (zhǒng): Heel. After Yan got on the bus, Queen Zhao had to hold her heel under the car and could not bear to leave her.
82. In favor: For her. Cry: Cry in a low voice.
83. Sorrow: Sorrow and sorrow.
84. Far away: Far away, adjectives are used as verbs.
85. Feifei: No, they are all adverbs.
86. must: must, adverb.
87. Best wishes: Pray for her. Wish: Pray to God.
88. Make way for (her).
89. Anti: Same as "back". The daughter of an ancient vassal married to another country, and only when she was abolished or perished could she return to China. So Empress Zhao prayed for Empress Yan: Don't let her come back.
90. Long-term plan: Long-term plan.
9 1. There are descendants: (Hope Queen Yan) There are descendants.
92. Generation: The ancient father and son were from generation to generation. Three generations today: three generations from now. Now the first generation is Zhao, the second generation is his father Zhao, and the third generation is his grandfather Zhao Wuling Wang. "Former III" refers to his great-grandfather Zhao Suhou (349- 326 BC).
93. Zhao is Zhao: Zhao Jiali Zhao (when). The former "Zhao" refers to the Zhao family. Later, "Zhao" refers to Zhao. One: auxiliary words, turn subject-predicate sentences into phrases and make adverbials. Be, establish, verb. The monarch of Zhao was originally a descendant of Jin Wengong Minister Zhao Shuai. In the twenty-third year of King Wei Lie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC), the Han, Zhao and Wei clans were divided into Jin, and Zhao Liehou became a vassal, thus formally establishing the State of Zhao.
94. A man named Hou. After:, used flexibly as a verb.
95. Inheritance: used flexibly as a noun, heir.
96. Present: People in the waiting room.
97. Micro-independence: not just, not just. Micro: No, negative adverb. Unique: only, adverb.
98. This refers to the above matters that were sealed before III, and their descendants did not inherit the title.
99. Body: refers to the "waiting person" itself. Those distant people and their descendants, "harmony" before the bamboo "disaster."
100. Owner: monarch, vassal.
10 1. Then: JIU, conjunction. Good: Good.
102. Bit: Status.
103. Zun: distinguished, noble.
104. However, turning conjunctions.
105. Bong: Like "salary" and salary, it is equivalent to the current salary.
106. Old: Credit.
107. Zun: make ... respectable, adjective causative usage.
108. Feng: Ancient emperors or vassals distributed land to their descendants or vassals as their food cities or territories.
109. Fertility: a metaphor for fertile land. Paste: oil. Gross: Fat below the abdomen. "fertile soil" is the preposition structure, and here is the complement. When translated into modern Chinese, it should be moved before "Feng Zhi" as an adverbial, translated as "Feng Zhi in the Land of Abundance".
1 10. Today: When you are alive.
1 1 1. Order: it is the omission of "order (it)", let (him).
1 12. Landslide: In ancient times, it was used to describe the death of a monarch or queen, indicating that their death was unusual, just like a landslide. This is a euphemism. This refers to the death of Queen Zhao.
1 13. Why: interrogative pronoun. With: preposition. Why: Why? Preposition Preposition Object.
1 14. Take care of yourself: believe in yourself.
1 15. take: think, verb.
1 16. Wei: substitution, preposition.
1 17. Short-term: too short-sighted.
1 18. If not, so much the better.
1 19. No: The word "response" means agreement and can be translated as "right".
120. Any: Whatever.
12 1. Send him: Send him. Before the word "zhi", auxiliary words are not translated; Later, "Zhi" was used as a pronoun, representing Chang.
122. About the car: a car. J: Wrap it up.
123.sh: quantifier. In ancient times, a horse sitting in a car was called "Cheng". Harmonious quality. Quality: Be a hostage and use nouns flexibly as verbs.
124. Ziyi: Zhao's saint.
125. Still. Zun: Used as a noun. Of high status.
translate
As soon as Empress Zhao came to power, the State of Qin stepped up its attack on Zhao. Empress Zhao turned to Qi for help. Qi said, "We must take Chang 'an as the hostage before we can save the troops. Empress Zhao refused, and all the ministers tried their best to remonstrate. The queen mother clearly told the ministers around her: "If anyone says that they are often taken hostage, I will spit in his face! "
The left ambassador touches the dragon and hopes to see the queen mother. The queen mother waited for him angrily. Touching the dragon, he ran slowly and quickly, apologizing to the queen mother and saying, "There is something wrong with my foot, and I can't even run fast." I haven't come to see you for a long time. I forgive myself privately. " I have been worried about the health of the Queen Mother, so I want to visit you. "The queen mother said," I'll drive around. " Touch the dragon and ask, "Will your daily diet be reduced?" The queen mother said, "Just have some porridge. "I don't want to eat now, just walk around," said the dragon. After walking three or four miles every day, I gradually increased my appetite and felt much more comfortable. " The queen mother said, "I can't do it." The angry look of the queen mother eased a little.
Zuo Shi said, "My son Shu Qi, the youngest, is defeated; And I am old, and I love him in private, hoping to let him defend the palace instead of the black guard. I risked my life to tell the queen mother. " "Yes," said the Queen Mother. How old are you? " Touching the dragon, he said, "I am fifteen years old. Although I am still young, I hope I can entrust it to you before I am buried. " The queen mother asked, "Do you men love your youngest son, too?" Touch the dragon and say, "It's worse than a woman." The queen mother smiled and said, "Women are more powerful." Touchdragon replied, "I privately think you love Yan more than Chang." The queen mother said, "You are wrong!" Not as powerful as Ai Chang. Zuo Shigong said: "If parents love their children, they must think long-term for them. When you got married after seeing Yan off, you pulled her heel and cried for her. This is her mourning and sorrow for marrying away from home, which is pitiful enough. It's not that you don't miss her after she gets married, but when you die, you must tell her,' Don't be driven back.' Isn't this her long-term plan to have children and be a monarch from generation to generation? "The queen mother said," yes. "
Zuo Shigong said: "From this generation to three generations ago, even when Zhao was founded, if descendants of the monarch of Zhao were created, could their descendants inherit the title?" Empress Zhao said, "No." Touching the dragon, he said, "Not only Zhao, but also the descendants of other blocked princes?" Empress Zhao said, "I haven't heard of it." Zuo's grandfather said, "Among them, the disaster of coming early will fall on oneself, and the disaster of coming late will fall on children and grandchildren. Are the descendants of the monarch necessarily bad? This is because they have high status and no merit, rich salary and no merit, and too much treasure! Now you have raised Chang's status to a high level, sealed his fertile land and given him many treasures, instead of taking this opportunity to make him contribute to the country. Once you are a hundred years later, why can you stand in Zhao? I think your plan for Chang is too short, so I think your love for him is not as good as your love for Yan Hou. " The Queen Mother said, "Well, you can appoint him. "
So he prepared a hundred cars for Chang, sent him to Qi as a hostage, and Qi's reinforcements came out. Hearing this, Ziyi said, "The son of the monarch, his own flesh and blood, can't hold on to jade and other heavy objects, let alone be a courtier!"
Creation background
The article is selected from The Warring States Policy Zhao Ce Si. In 265 BC, Zhao Huiwen died and his son Zhao Chengxiao succeeded to the throne. He was very young and was regent by Empress Zhao. Empress Zhao is Zhao, the wife and mother of Emperor Huiwen. At that time, Qin took advantage of the alternation of Zhao regime to attack Zhao on a large scale and occupy three cities of Zhao. Zhao was in critical condition and asked Qi for help. Before Qi sends troops, Zhao's youngest son must always be taken hostage. Zhao loved and refused, which led to the deepening of the national disaster. In this grim situation, Touch Dragon persuaded Zhao, let her son take the lead, and lifted Zhao's crisis.
Make an appreciative comment
The article "Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Queen Zhao" describes an extremely tense situation at the beginning: Zhao Jun was killed recently, and Qin Jun entrusted Zhao Zhao for help. Zhao, who was eager to take Chang 'an hostage and loved his son, refused to let his son take risks, and sternly refused the strong protests of ministers, claiming that "if there is a reply, Chang 'an will be taken hostage, and the old man will spit on his face!" " .
It is obviously much more difficult to talk about touching dragons in such a tense situation. He knew that in order to convince Empress Zhao, he had to make her understand that "the beloved son of parents has far-reaching influence". However, if you reason from the front, it is not only useless, but will bring shame to yourself. Therefore, we must follow the queen mother's doting psychology and make suggestions.
After winning the opportunity to meet the Empress Dowager, Touchdragon first asked the Empress Dowager about her daily life and diet with concern, and talked with her about the way of keeping in good health, which made the original "arrogant and wary" "Empress Dowager's color unclear". In this way, the rebellion and hostility of the queen mother were eliminated emotionally, and the first barrier was cleared for the success of remonstrance. Then, Touchong seduced her youngest son, Shu Qi, earnestly for help, in order to make the queen mother sing, thus drawing her mind. Sure enough, it soon aroused the love of the Queen Mother's beloved son. In her view, touching the dragon can be regarded as a "bosom friend" in the same boat. Not only did she laugh, but she also had an interesting argument with Touch Dragon about who loved her youngest son more, and began to show her feelings about Touch Dragon unabashedly. This laid the foundation for the next talk about how to love your son.
Touching the dragon seized the opportunity, and in the words of innuendo, the queen mother loved Yan more than Chang. This move really worked, which immediately triggered the queen mother's retort: "You have passed away, but you are not as good as Chang Anjun." Touching the dragon, he finally got what he wanted the queen mother to say most. At this time, he can seriously talk about his views on loving his son. So he calmly recalled the past and said, "After seeing Yan off, I cried at his heel, and I mourned his distance, and I also mourned his distance. "If you do, you must wish it at the time of sacrifice and wish you' no mistakes'." Vigorously praise the wise move of the Queen Mother who loves Princess Yan for a long time to reflect her "short planning" for Chang Aifei. Because Touch Dragon didn't accuse the Queen Mother of doting on her youngest son like other ministers, but criticized the Queen Mother for not loving her enough. She should love Chang as much as Yan, so it has far-reaching influence, so the queen mother listened very sweetly and unconsciously accepted the success of touching the dragon. A hearty "nature" shows that she has fully accepted the truth that "parents love their sons, so it is far-reaching." "At this point, the suggestion of touching the dragon has achieved initial results. He also lost no time to further analyze the lessons that the descendants of governors in past dynasties failed to become successors. The reason lies in "respect for position", "magnanimity" and "heavy burden", but in "uselessness" and "no work" Taking this as an analogy, it is pointed out that "An Jun in Chang 'an today, although revered, is endowed with fertile land and heavier equipment, and does not make contributions to the country now. Once the landslide breaks out, why can Chang entrust himself to Zhao? "It's really stirring, forceful, expose the queen mother. Always follow the queen mother's love for her son, proceed from the fundamental interests of Chang, deeply enlighten and guide at all levels, separate feelings from reason, and manage feelings well. Finally, the Queen Mother was deeply moved, convinced and generously agreed.
From beginning to end, Touch Dragon's remonstrance theory didn't mention "making Chang 'an An Jun hostage", but the Queen Mother couldn't help saying "the autocratic monarch did it". Similarly, she didn't directly say that "An Jun" is a quality, which matches the wonderful rhetoric of Touch Dragon. The two sides reached a tacit understanding without any embarrassment. The final conclusion of the article is: "Therefore, to build a car for Chang 'an An Jun, the quality is harmonious, and the soldiers are outside", which makes the head and tail rounded and the structure precise. At the same time, it also enhances the comedy color of the story and shows the outstanding effect of touching the dragon.
Artistic feature
1. Describe people in conflict.
In history, Zhao, according to "Asked Zhao by Qi Shi, the envoy of the Warring States Policy", was not a short-sighted and stubborn old lady. But a ruler with a political mind. She once said, "You are young, how can anyone? If you have no people, how can you have a gentleman? " This kind of words that value the people and despise the monarch, the average person will not say it. It is because of her political talent that she can "use new things". But as a mother, she dotes on her youngest son as much as ordinary people. However, under the persuasion of Mo Long and relying on her own political experience, she soon realized that only by unifying "Aiko" and "patriotism" can she truly love her son. So she accepted the suggestion of touching the dragon. This article vividly describes her transition from refusing to persuade to obeying. At the beginning of the article, she wrote: "This is obvious. If there is a quality that is often answered, the old lady will spit in her face." Put on a tough face. However, with someone who touched the dragon deeply to persuade her, her mood gradually changed. In expression, he changed from exuberance to lack of color and smile. In terms of language, first it is cold (such as "relying on parents"), then it is polite (such as "keeping promises"), then it is heartfelt (such as "women are different"), then it is passive (such as "nature" and "nothing"), and finally it is "doing what you want" and fully accepts advice. Under the persuasion of Touchdragon, Empress Zhao's mood changed step by step.
The image of touching the dragon is also vividly portrayed. He and the general ministers only emphasize the national interests, do not care about the interests of the constant, and blindly remonstrate differences; He cares about both the national interests and the interests of Chang 'an Li Jun, and unifies them. He is sincerely thinking about Zhao Hechang. Empress Zhao was moved not only by his words, but also by his sincerity. He is good at doing ideological work: first, starting with greetings to eliminate tension; Then put forward the question of "Aiko" that * * cares about; Then put forward the principle of "loving your son far-reaching"; Then, the historical facts are used to explain that Aichang should "contribute to today's country" and unify "Aiko" and "patriotism". Enlighten at different levels, step by step, be reasonable and affectionate, and finally convince Queen Zhao.
The reason why these two figures are vividly portrayed is mainly because the author can express them in concrete contradictions and conflicts through words and actions, so they can give people a deep impression.
2. Rigorous structure, front and back care.
Lin Yutang commented on the structure of the article in "Discrimination of Ancient Chinese Words", which has a good explanation: "I carefully ask and answer questions before and after, just like a good chess player. At first glance, it seems useless; After the game is finished, you will know that you have surrendered to the end and understand that there is nothing. On that day,' I'm too sick to run away' and' I don't want to eat now', all of which describe my old age, so as to start the following' fill in the blanks' language. What I said was "The Empress Dowager is wearing a jade coat" and "The eclipse will not decline", both of which refer to the old state of the Empress Dowager, so as to spread the meaning of "landslide", and I didn't have time to say a word or exchange pleasantries. Known as the black sheep of Shu Qi. Seeing his simplicity and naivety, he is no longer young. Therefore, there is a saying that' a person does not respect labor, and he does not work hard'. He asked to wear black clothes to defend the palace. Seeing that he is giving up love now, he wants him to have his own support, which will last for a long time. Therefore, here are often self-recommended. " He said,' I'm willing to fill the vacancy', but he couldn't wait to see that it was already going downhill. Today's black invitation is really a once-in-a-lifetime plan, and I have nothing to say about it.
Famous comments
In the Song Dynasty, Zhen's "Authentic" Volume VI quoted Bao's comment: Touching the dragon is a success in terms of bearing. If you are strong with your husband, you will scold him, take the crown, and die on your own.
Jin Shengtan's "All Talented People Must Read" in Qing Dynasty Volume 4: This trivial article is the smallest sample of China; However, a special god will surrender to the end, inch by inch, which is all wonderful to avoid the word "long' An Jun". For example, "The Empress Dowager is arrogant and prostrate", "The Empress Dowager is a little less attractive", and the Empress Dowager says, "Say yes, whatever. "In the meantime, everything is understandable, everything is outside the pen and ink, and politics is not easy to do trivial things.
The exegesis of Zuo's "The Complete Works of Comments on Ancient Chinese Literature" in Qing Dynasty effectively tells the old scenes of the two men first. The so-called misery loves company, and the queen mother's discord is incomprehensible. When he first came, if he hadn't come to Chang; When it comes to Chang 'an, if it is of far-reaching significance to Chang 'an, it is natural to feel the post-Wei Dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Chucai and Wu Tiaohou's "The View of Ancient Chinese Literature" Volume 4: All trivial pens, suddenly making voices, reading with infinite emotion. Zuo realized the Empress Dowager, one step at a time, and talked casually and calmly. The beauty lies in his consideration for women. Then I borrowed Yan Hou to fight against An Jun in Chang 'an in the village, making an alarmist statement, so it was easy to enter. Old ministers have worked hard, and integrity makes perfection. After reading it, I still think smallpox is everywhere, so why blame the queen mother for listening?
In the Qing Dynasty, Yu Cheng's "A New Interpretation of China Ancient Literature" Volume 4: Every word is alert, the pen is tit-for-tat, the hand is waved, and it is far away, never straight, never justified, and never concealed. This is really extraordinary.
Yao Nai's Compilation of Ancient Words in Qing Dynasty Literature (Volume 26): Zuo's words are solid and kind, and they must match the wisdom of Empress Zhao and be easy to understand.
In the Qing Dynasty, Gao Yi quoted the words in the volume of "National Banknote Measurement" and commented that touching the characters could be a way for me to remonstrate, which was also wonderful. Zi Yi's words can be used as an admonition for the minister to announce his work, which is also righteous. Quote Yu Tongchuan's comments: the old minister and old woman are annoying and annoying. Speaking of children, I'm just talking, and I'm not in a hurry. The listener will naturally understand. Its language and writing, all the actions of the day are vivid and the tone is in the middle, so the author's description is very subtle. There is a spark of anger, and I can't say it; With the slightest bit of anger, this article can't be constructed. It is said that women have the ability to speak, and strong remonstrance is not a skill. The whole article is against the word "strong persuasion" and quotes Ni Jiaxian's comments: the first half is pure gossip, without a word of gossip. For example, in China, chess players lay out their plans when they are idle. After closing the office, we only fought for one robbery, and we have won the battle. This kind of writing is really superb.
In Qing Dynasty, Pu Qilong's Annotation on Ancient Chinese Eyebrows (Volume 15) retired from the valley. Comments: If you copy the exquisiteness of the ingenious pen, you must subdivide the sections, and the more you look at the works, the more you close your eyes. The colder the meaning, the more speculative it is; The wider the language, the more sober it is; To be cold is nothing more than painstaking, and to say wide words is bitter. Considering the woman's feelings.
Ancient Wings by Tang Deyi in Qing Dynasty Volume II: From the word "love" to the machine, the language to the queen mother's heart. Therefore, there is no need to show your vows often, and the queen mother has long been dead set. The beauty of the proposal is nothing more than this.
The central idea and writing characteristics of the article
This paper expounds the theme of this paper by touching the historical facts about Zhao Fei: it affirms the correctness of "no reward for idle work" and emphasizes that not only the monarch and ministers should summarize their experience, but also the officials should follow suit. In terms of artistic skills, the description of characters in this paper is successful, mainly by revealing contradictions to express the character. At the beginning of the article, three kinds of contradictions are revealed, and the short-sightedness, ignorance of the overall situation and arbitrariness of the queen mother are initially portrayed. The process of remonstrating the dragon is the process of resolving contradictions. He took advantage of the queen mother's self-righteous weakness, followed the queen mother's psychology and opened his heart to confrontation in a homely way. From here to there, he compares layer by layer, goes on step by step, cares about the queen mother everywhere, and never leaves the theme of exhortation, so that she can accept her point of view step by step. Touched by Long's loyalty, wit, composure and good at planning, the image of the veteran changed and presented to readers.
Brief introduction of the author
Touching the dragon said that Empress Zhao came from the Warring States Policy, and the author is unknown. The Warring States Policy is a compilation of lobbyists' strategies and speeches during the Warring States Period. At the beginning, there were titles such as national policy, state affairs, stories, short books, long books and revised books. The original book was compiled by historians or military strategists of various vassal States, and the editing was chaotic, with various names. Liu Xiang, a bachelor in the late Western Han Dynasty, edited and edited 33 articles, named Warring States Policy. The book is divided into twelve national policies: Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Qin, Qi, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. It recorded some political, military and diplomatic developments in various countries during the 236 years from the seventeenth year of Zhou Pingzhen (452 BC) to the thirty-first year of Qin Shihuang (2 16 BC), in which the speeches and activities of counselors and military strategists were the main contents, which widely reflected the social contradictions and complex struggles at that time and preserved a large number of precious historical materials during the Warring States period. At the same time, The Warring States Policy is a prose work with literary value in ancient China, with concise language, euphemistic and vivid writing, vivid characters and strong literary meaning. "The Warring States Policy" is not a statement of one family, and its thoughts are inconsistent, but it mainly runs through the thoughts of strategists. This book mainly records the activities of counselors and military strategists during the Warring States period. Many words and deeds of psychological counselors described in the book are progressive. Some people solve difficulties and eliminate the scourge of war; Some dare to speak out and worry about the country and the people; Others resist rape and despise powerful people. For example, Lv Zhonglian refused to obey the king of Qin, Chunyu Kun advised the king of Qi not to attack Wei, Zou Ji satirized the king of Qi coachable, touched the dragon and said Zhao, and Tang Ju's Wrath of Cloth and Jing Ke's Brave Stabbing the King of Qin were all well-known masterpieces, which reflected the wishes of the people to a certain extent. However, many of these counselors are egoists who pursue personal fame and gain. They have no political principles. Some people are flustered when they fail, and arrogant once they succeed; Some of them, for personal purposes, played tricks on each other, causing constant military revolutions and bringing suffering to the people. The book unduly exaggerates their role in politics, which is the author's limitation.