Entries in the 9th Challenge Cup
Instructions for medical libraries with minority characteristics
Type of work: scientific and technological invention and production class B.
Name of the work: Unearthed Medicine Database with Minority Characteristics
Authors: Juck Zhang et al.
order
China traditional medicine is a cultural treasure created by 56 ethnic groups in China, and it is a preventive medical treatment method created by five ethnic groups in China in their own cultural background and in the long historical process. Traditional medicine originates from the wisdom of people of different nationalities and directly serves the health of people of different nationalities. For thousands of years, it has made important contributions to the health and prosperity of people of all ethnic groups and accumulated rich experience in treating and preventing diseases. China's preventive medicine has a long history, which is gradually formed by the broad masses of people in the long-term practice of fighting diseases.
Social progress and medical development call for preventive medicine. "2 1 century is the era of preventive medicine" has become common sense. In the 1990s, in line with the requirements of today's times, the long-dormant idea of "preventing diseases" in TCM once again attracted people's attention. More and more scholars at home and abroad call for the establishment of a new concept of "epidemiology", especially Japanese epidemiologists. With the progress of traditional medicine and modern science, the development of clinical medicine, basic medicine and preventive medicine, the transformation of social psychological biomedical model, and the need of WHO's new health concept, the theory, technical methods, experimental connotation and extension of "disease-free" and "disease-free prevention" have been further enriched and broadened.
Work content:
Based on the platform of 3D DEMO-ZOOM III, this resource database system collects and sorts out the medical methods and treatment principles of non-diseases of ethnic minorities. And the unique medicinal resources of its ethnic group are systematically sorted out, displayed through physical photos and simulated three-dimensional animation, and accompanied by text descriptions. Users can inquire and understand the medical characteristics of ethnic minorities in China intuitively, clearly and vividly, and will continue to make due contributions to the medical and health undertakings after excavation, sorting, summary and improvement.
The non-epidemiological methods and medicinal materials resources of various ethnic minorities will be described in three parts: The first part, first of all, understand the living habits, geographical distribution and climate characteristics of this ethnic minority. The second part expounds the common treatment methods to prevent and treat this minority. In the third part, the unique medicinal resources of this ethnic minority are illustrated by physical photos and three-dimensional animation, and the morphological characteristics, origin, medicinal parts, sexual and taste functions, usage methods and prescriptions of each medicinal material are analyzed in detail.
Development direction of world medical model
The world medical model is changing from a simple biomedical model to a bio-psychological and social holistic medical model. In addition, a series of major problems have emerged in recent years, such as the increase of iatrogenic and drug-induced diseases, the change of disease spectrum, and the arrival of an aging society. People gradually pin their hopes on the use of traditional medicine. A trend that human beings return to nature, are keen on traditional treatment and prevention of diseases and advocate natural medicine is taking shape, which also brings good opportunities for the further exploration and development of traditional medical care and prevention. With the progress of society, everyone's health has become a general trend, and preventing and treating the patients with the most human cases from the source has given strong vitality to the idea of "preventing diseases before they occur". Based on the idea of "preventing diseases" in traditional Chinese medicine and the infiltration and enrichment of modern science, epidemiology came into being and gradually matured.
Basic concepts of epidemiology
Epidemiology is an ancient and novel discipline, and a new branch of preventive medicine, clinical medicine and basic medicine. Based on the traditional theory and practice of treating "disease-free", it has been inherited and carried forward by doctors from generation to generation for thousands of years, which has the characteristics and theoretical system of initial scale diagnosis and treatment and occupies a certain practical field. In recent years, with the application of modern medicine, biological science, statistics, informatics and control science, as well as the development of genetics, immunology, anthropology, physique, biochemistry, disease prediction, astronomy, meteorology, physics and other related disciplines, with the efforts of several generations, major breakthroughs have been made in the theoretical system, experimental technology, diagnosis and treatment methods of epidemiology, and an independent system has been broadened and formed in the field of practice. Disease-free mainly refers to the various States of the human body from the beginning to the "illness". Not getting sick means not getting sick, not getting sick. The main discussion focus of "non-disease" is non-pathological syndrome such as latent disease, precursor disease, infectious disease, aging, latent disease (disease incubation period), precursor disease (disease precursor period), infectious disease in disease recovery period and aging (degenerative disease period). ), and pathogenic factors (quiescent period), as well as pathogenesis, manifestations and prevention principles. The purpose and direction of non-epidemiological research is to prevent diseases before they occur, treat diseases early, prevent chaos and change, preserve health and prevent aging, keep healthy and give birth to excellent children. The general hope is that everyone will be "healthy for a long time", die without illness, live a good life, and ensure that everyone is healthy, happy and peaceful, and there is no medical profession. Emphasis should be placed on early detection and treatment when there are signs of disease, and attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of disease transmission tendency.
Non-disease formation
Ancient physicians called preventing diseases "preventing diseases". This is the meaning of the so-called "prevention of disease" in Su Wen's theory of four seasons regulating spirit. This idea of "preparing for a rainy day" puts prevention before treatment, which not only reflects that people should take various measures to actively prevent diseases before they get sick (that is, prevent them before they get sick), but also reflects that once they get sick, they should still use various methods to prevent the development, spread or recurrence of diseases (that is, prevent them before they get sick). For example, strengthening physical exercise and adjusting mental mood can improve the body's disease resistance, or during the epidemic, on the one hand, "avoid its poisonous gas" and on the other hand, take medicine for treatment. This can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases, but the instinct of human body to adapt to the natural environment and resist the invasion of harmful external factors is limited, and some diseases are sometimes difficult to avoid no matter how to prevent them. For these diseases that have occurred, one is to prevent their development and spread (that is, to prevent their deterioration), such as "seeing the disease of the liver, knowing that the liver spreads the spleen, and strengthening the spleen first", in which the purpose of "strengthening the spleen" is; Second, to prevent the recurrence of old diseases, such as chronic cough and wheezing, frostbite and other diseases are easy to attack in autumn and winter, and preventive treatment can be taken in summer. This kind of preventive thought and method to prevent the change and occurrence of existing diseases is the key to distinguish TCM preventive medicine from other preventive medicine, and it is the advantage and specialty of TCM preventive medicine.
Preventive medicine sprouted in BC, but its formation and development went through a long process. The concept and content of preventive medicine change with the change of time and space. In ancient times, in the long-term struggle with nature, people gradually accumulated knowledge and experience in fighting diseases and produced the idea of preventing diseases. The ancients have long recognized that human health and the occurrence of diseases are closely related to external environmental factors, and created many measures to protect and improve environmental factors, safeguard human health and prevent diseases in practice, such as digging wells for drinking water, changing water, sweeping insects and sweeping graves.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a subject that uses various preventive methods to prevent the occurrence, development, spread or recurrence of diseases under the guidance of the basic theory of TCM, and is an important part of the theoretical system of TCM.
In the long-term medical practice, Chinese medicine has fully realized the importance of preventive work before illness. Therefore, there is a saying in the ancients: "Good doctors often cure diseases without diseases, so there is no disease; Sages often cure suffering without suffering, so there is no suffering "("Huainanzi Volume 16 "); "The sage is not cured before the disease, and the disease is not cured. This is also called. Husband's illness became medicine, and disorder became a cure. For example, it's not too late to cast a cone through a well (Su Wen's Four Seasons Tune) and "If you don't sprout, you will be evil, but you will be taught to be misty" (Han Jiayi's biography) ... Doctors of all ages not only accumulated rich treatment experience in practice, but also paid great attention to prevention or prevention before illness.
For these diseases that have occurred, one is to prevent their development and spread (that is, to prevent their deterioration), such as "seeing the disease of the liver, knowing that the liver spreads the spleen, and strengthening the spleen first", in which the purpose of "strengthening the spleen" is; Second, to prevent the recurrence of old diseases, such as chronic cough and wheezing, frostbite and other diseases are easy to attack in autumn and winter, and preventive treatment can be taken in summer. This kind of preventive thought and method to prevent the change and occurrence of existing diseases is the key to distinguish TCM preventive medicine from other preventive medicine, and it is the advantage and specialty of TCM preventive medicine. Epidemiology is an ancient and novel discipline, and a new branch of preventive medicine, clinical medicine and basic medicine. Based on the traditional theory and practice of treating "disease-free", it has been inherited and carried forward by doctors from generation to generation for thousands of years, which has the characteristics and theoretical system of initial scale diagnosis and treatment and occupies a certain practical field.
Non-medical status
In recent years, with the application of modern medicine, biological science, statistics, informatics and control science, as well as the development of genetics, immunology, anthropology, physique, biochemistry, disease prediction, astronomy, meteorology, physics and other related disciplines, with the efforts of several generations, major breakthroughs have been made in the theoretical system, experimental technology, diagnosis and treatment methods of epidemiology, and an independent system has been broadened and formed in the field of practice. Disease-free mainly refers to the various States of the human body from the beginning to the "illness". Not getting sick means not getting sick, not getting sick. The main discussion focus of "non-disease" is non-pathological diseases such as latent diseases, premonitory diseases, infectious diseases, aging, latent diseases and degenerative diseases, that is, latent diseases (disease incubation period), premonitory diseases (disease precursor period), infectious diseases in recovery period, aging (degenerative disease period) and so on. ), and latent pathogen (quiescent period), as well as pathogenesis, manifestation methods and prevention principles.
The purpose and direction of epidemiological research of ethnic minorities.
The purpose and direction of non-epidemiological research is to prevent diseases before they occur, treat diseases early, prevent chaos and change, preserve health and prevent aging, keep healthy and give birth to excellent children. The general hope is that everyone will be "healthy for a long time", die without illness, live a good life, and ensure that everyone is healthy, happy and peaceful, and there is no medical profession. Emphasis should be placed on early detection and treatment when there are signs of disease, and attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of disease transmission tendency.
Social progress and medical development call for preventive medicine. "2 1 century is the era of preventive medicine" has become common sense. In the 1990s, in line with the requirements of today's times, the long-dormant idea of "preventing diseases" in TCM once again attracted people's attention. More and more scholars at home and abroad call for the establishment of a new concept of "epidemiology", especially Japanese epidemiologists.
With the progress of traditional medicine and modern science, the development of clinical medicine, basic medicine and preventive medicine, the transformation of social psychological biomedical model, and the need of WHO's new health concept, the theory, technical methods, experimental connotation and extension of "disease-free" and "disease-free prevention" have been further enriched and broadened.
With the progress of society, everyone's health has become a general trend, and preventing and treating the patients with the most human cases from the source has given strong vitality to the idea of "preventing diseases before they occur". Based on the idea of "preventing diseases" in traditional Chinese medicine and the infiltration and enrichment of modern science, epidemiology came into being and gradually matured.
At the beginning of 1990s, Chinese scholar Luo put forward a novel, distinctive and practical treatise "On the Prevention of Disease" from the perspective of preventive medicine. Yang Li and Yang Li read ancient and modern Chinese and foreign cultures, put their heads together and compiled Predictive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Predictive Medicine of China. In recent years, Zhu and other scholars have put forward a complete "disease-free" framework on the basis of predecessors.
Current research progress:
In recent years, due to the in-depth development of clinical practice and the upsurge of modern scientific methods, including modern medicine, the discussion of disease-free theory has entered a new stage and level. For example, some scholars believe that "devoting to preventing diseases" conforms to the micro-medical principle of modern science, and the differential principle is widely used in biological cybernetics. Its basic idea is to grasp things from tiny units. Traditional Chinese medicine has always emphasized the consciousness of advanced treatment such as "nourishing yang in spring and summer, nourishing yin in autumn and winter" and "treating winter diseases in summer", and the discussion of advanced treatment is in line with the principle of syndrome differentiation. Some scholars used the basic principles of modern logic and scientific dialectics to sort out and study the logical methods of traditional Chinese medicine, which laid a theoretical foundation for high-level theoretical research in the future.
(1) Yang Li's Disease Prediction of Traditional Chinese Medicine is to analyze and judge the possible pathological information through various information sent by the human body (potential disease syndromes, symptoms, premonitory signs, such as consciousness, personality, body surface, changes in nine orifices, excretory secretions, etc.), trying to block its development, cut off the vicious circle that may begin, and make the disease disappear before the onset. Precursor signs are the key to early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases, and also the key to nip in the bud. This book is based on the stage of latent disease symptoms before the disease occurs, which opens up a new field of disease-free syndrome differentiation treatment, and also pays attention to early interception treatment, which has a positive effect on preventive medicine and therapeutic medicine.
(2) On the basis of systematic research on preventive medicine of TCM, Song Weimin and others compiled the "third state" theory of modern preventive medicine, and preliminarily applied molecular biology, molecular genetics theory and technology, holographic biology, chronobiology and hidden sequence theory to further clarify and improve TCM. On this basis, he put forward "disease hierarchy theory" and "disease threshold theory".
(3) Zhu and other scholars' unfinished diseases enrich the sub-health state, mediation theory, genetic variation determinism, quality mutual change, threshold theory, steady-state cybernetics, potential information theory, multi-system hierarchy theory, macro and black-box fuzzy theory and dissipative structure theory in unfinished diseases and disease prediction. This paper tries to put forward the theory of occurrence trend, the law of time and space, the theory of resistance to change, transformation, complex change, mutation, distortion, decay and micro-manifestation. This paper introduces the pan-system synthesis theory of related disciplines, the self-adjustment and optimization of health engineering theory, etc. This makes the epidemiological theory more systematic and its connotation further deepened and improved.
Epidemiological characteristics of ethnic minorities
In addition to Han medicine (traditional Chinese medicine) has a set of methods to prevent diseases, other minority medicine has gradually formed its own concept of disease prevention according to its own characteristics, and created many unique methods to prevent diseases, which has made great contributions to the prosperity and survival of the Chinese nation.
In addition to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), China's traditional medicine also includes Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Dai, Korean, Zhuang, Yi, Kazak, Hui, Yao, Miao, Tujia and She nationalities. After exploration, arrangement, summary and improvement, it will continue to make due contributions to medical and health undertakings.
At present, the world medical model is changing from a simple biomedical model to a holistic medical model of biology, psychology and society. In addition, a series of major problems have emerged in recent years, such as the increase of iatrogenic and drug-induced diseases, the change of disease spectrum, and the arrival of an aging society. People are gradually pinning their hopes on the application of traditional medicine, and a trend of returning to nature, being keen on traditional treatment, health care and disease prevention, and advocating natural medicine is taking shape, which also brings good opportunities for the further exploration and development of traditional medical care and prevention.
Of course, the specific conditions of different nationalities are different, and the development level and content of their medicine are inevitably different. As a kind of historical culture, minority medicine must have its limitations in times, nationalities and regions. Due to historical and social reasons, some disease prevention methods in minority medicine sometimes inevitably bring religious things. We strive to "keep the truth" about these contents, in order to let scholars master the real information for research and textual research. Attention should be paid to identification in practical application.
Non-epidemiological methods and ethnic medicinal resources
1. Miao epidemiological methods and drug resources
2. Non-epidemiological methods and medical resources of Zhuang nationality
3. Epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Yi people
4. Yao's non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources.
5. Non-epidemiological methods and Dai medicine resources
6. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of She nationality.
7. Tibetan epidemiological methods and medicinal resources
8. Non-epidemiological methods and Tujia medical resources
9. Non-epidemiological methods and Dong medicine resources
10. Non-epidemiological methods and Korean medical resources
1 1. Mongolian epidemiological methods and medicinal resources
12. Uygur epidemiological methods and medicinal materials resources
13. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Kazak people
14. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Achang nationality
15. Non-epidemiological methods and medical resources of Bai nationality
16. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal materials resources of Baoan nationality
17. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Bulang nationality
18. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Buyi people
19. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Daur nationality
20. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of De 'ang nationality
2 1. Epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Dongxiang nationality
22. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Dulong people
23. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources in Russia
24. Epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Oroqen nationality
25. Epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Ewenki nationality
26. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Gelao nationality
27. Epidemiological methods and drug resources of Hani people.
28. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Hezhe nationality
29. Non-epidemiological methods and medical resources of Hui nationality
30. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Gaoshan nationality
3 1. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal materials resources of Jinuo nationality
32. Non-epidemiological methods and medical resources of Jing nationality
33. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Jingpo nationality
34. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Kirgiz nationality
35. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Lahu nationality
36. Non-epidemiological methods and medical resources of Li nationality
37. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Yi people
38. Non-epidemiological methods and Barro ethnic medicine resources
39. Manchu epidemiological methods and medicinal materials resources
40. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Maonan nationality
4 1. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal materials resources of Menba nationality
42. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Mulao nationality
43. Non-epidemiological methods and Naxi medicinal resources
44. Non-epidemiological methods and Nu medicinal materials resources
45. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Pumi nationality
46. Non-epidemiological methods and Qiang medicine resources
47. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of the Salar people
48. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of water family
49. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Tajiks
50. Non-epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Tatars.
5 1. Non-epidemiological methods and medical resources of indigenous people
52. Non-epidemiological methods and Wa medicinal resources
53. Epidemiological methods and medicinal resources of Uzbeks.
54. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Xibe nationality
55. Non-epidemiological methods and drug resources of Yugur nationality
summary
This work aims to let more people know about epidemiology, non-epidemiological treatment principles of ethnic minorities and medicinal materials resources. Convenient for future generations to quickly query and use. At present, the world medical model is changing from a simple biomedical model to a holistic medical model of biology, psychology and society. In addition, a series of major problems have emerged in recent years, such as the increase of iatrogenic and drug-induced diseases, the change of disease spectrum, and the arrival of an aging society. People are gradually pinning their hopes on the application of traditional medicine, and a trend of returning to nature, being keen on traditional treatment, health care and disease prevention, and advocating natural medicine is taking shape, which also brings good opportunities for the further exploration and development of traditional medical care and prevention.
As a medical student, it is a rare opportunity for me to participate in this extracurricular scientific and technological activity for college students. The treatment of ethnic minorities has a long history and a wide variety of medicinal resources, and modern research is in the ascendant. This work will inevitably be missed. At the same time, it is impossible for college students to complete their extracurricular scientific and technological works perfectly at one time. The key is to test and practice the innovative consciousness and ability of college students in the new period. The coming of information society. "Innovation" is the driving force to promote human progress, and I will cherish this exercise opportunity.
refer to
Yang1996.1.11.331TCM disease prediction.
Song Weimin et al. On Diseases1998.06.03117.
Zhu and other scholars in epidemiology 1999.04.0438+048.
2 1 century cancer chemoprevention and drug treatment. Han Rui Sun Yan | People's Military Medical Publishing House
Preventive Medicine Zhang Yixiang and Tang Xiaolan People's Military Medical Publishing House