Sun Simiao explained that Medical Doctrine was founded in Huangdi, Zeebe and Leigong, and the successors of Medical Doctrine in later generations included medical harmony and medical aid in the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian Que in the Warring States Period, Cang Gong, Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo in the Han Dynasty. This article will discuss the following three arguments:
(1) Chinese medicine originated from Huangdi's medical way, and Huangdi's medical way came from "God".
(2) Chinese medicine is a "Taoist doctor".
(3) Ancient Chinese medicine in China was quite developed.
Chinese medicine originated from Huangdi's medical way, and Huangdi's medical way originated from "God"
Huangdi Neijing is a bible recognized by doctors in past dynasties, and there are many chapters describing the origin and inheritance of medical Taoism:
(1) Medical Taoism is rooted in God.
(2) The order of medical ethics inheritance: God → Teacher → Qi Bo → Huangdi → Leigong.
(1) Medical Taoism originated from "God" and later spread to the Yellow Emperor.
(1) God preached to the first teacher, and the first teacher preached to Qi Bo.
Qi Bo used to be the teacher of the Yellow Emperor (who called him Shi Tian). Qi Bo talked about his teacher many times, while Qi Bo learned from God. Therefore, Qi Bo said, "This is the secret of God, and it was also handed down by the teacher." God is the emperor (Lord) in heaven, and there is no detailed explanation in the scripture, which may be a secret. In "Su Wen? The emperor said in "Six Zangxiang Theory": "I have heard of the June and September meetings, and the master said that the accumulation of qi is full of leaps and bounds. What is gas? "Please get confused, Master." Qi Bo said: "This is the secret of God, and it was also handed down by the master."
(2) Qi Bo preached medicine to the Yellow Emperor.
Huangdi Neijing is divided into Su Wen and Ling Shu. Most of the chapters (1 12) are questions and answers from the Yellow Emperor to Shi Tianqi. The last few chapters of Su Wen are the classics of the Yellow Emperor who taught Leigong, some of which are the classics of the Yellow Emperor who asked for medicine in Gaobo (Taishi), Yu Shao, Shao Shi and Guiwan, and a few of them.
In addition, Huangdi Waijing, namely Waijing Wei Yan (a medical book circulated by Chen Shiduo in the Qing Dynasty), is a medical question-and-answer record of other officials of the Yellow Emperor, such as Gao Bo, Guiqiao District, Lei Gong, Shao Shi, Rongcheng and Niaoshi. In foreign classics? In the book Inverting Yin and Yang, the emperor said, "Yuzai, publish the book Waijing and spread it to hundreds of officials, so that * * * can know and swim with them in the endless wilderness." Therefore, Huangdi Neijing is a dialogue between Huangdi and Zibo and other courtiers, and Huangdi Neijing is a dialogue between Zibo and other courtiers of Huangdi, which is different.
(3) Huangdi's medical teaching to Lei Gong became the foundation of TCM inheritance in later generations.
The name "medical method" first appeared in Su Wen? On supreme education, Huangdi asked Lei Gong if he could be familiar with medical ethics. Lei Gong replied that he could recite some things and understand them, but he didn't understand them. The Yellow Emperor told Lei Gong that he could "know astronomy from the top, geography from the bottom and personnel from the middle" and taught him medical methods. The emperor said, "Good. There is no loss, this is the boundary between yin and yang, and male and female lose each other. However, there is no doubt that knowing astronomy in the Tao, geography in the bottom, and people in the middle can last for a long time to teach the public. Medical science can be passed down to future generations and can be a treasure. " Lei Gong said, "Please accept the Tao and explain ironically."
(B) the inheritance of medical ethics
(1) Gift: Brokeback to save blood.
"LingShu? Forbidden clothing describes the ceremony that the Yellow Emperor preached the medical way to Lei Gong (the inheritance of medical way), which is very solemn and grand, and it is necessary to break the arm and save blood:
(1) Stay for three days.
② Zhengyang formed an alliance.
(3) into the lent room, tripterygium wilfordii cut off his arm for blood.
(4) The Yellow Emperor wishes: "Anyone who dares to recite this statement will suffer."
⑤ Lei Gong bowed again and said, "Fine, take it." The Yellow Emperor held the book in his left hand and received it in his right hand, saying, "Be cautious, I speak for my son."
(2) Secret transmission mode: oral communication and heart teaching.
"Oral transmission" is a secret method of Taoism, which is rarely known by outsiders. It is a way for master to teach his disciples the scripture "Heart Method". Mind method is the most critical part. If you don't know the mental method, even if you know the scripture, you don't know how to use it. The records of oral transmission in Huangdi Neijing are as follows:
1 "uncle ling? There is a record of "oral transmission" in Kouwen:
The Yellow Emperor lived in seclusion and turned to ask Qi Bo, "I've heard about the Nine Classics for a long time, and I've finished the Six Classics. I'm here to ask." Qi Bo left the table and bowed again. "Good question," he said. "It came from this ancient teacher."
2 "Uncle Ling? Shi Zhuan has a record of "hiding the heart" (giving):
The Yellow Emperor said, "Listen to your master, I have something to hide, and I owe it to you. If I want to smell it and hide it, I will do it. I will rule the people from top to bottom, and the body from bottom to top, so that the people will be disease-free, as close as brothers, and they will have no worries. Can they be heard when there is no end? "
(3) Inheritance of medical ethics in later generations.
Wang Bo was a native of the early Tang Dynasty (the famous Preface to Wang Tengting was his work), and Cao Yuan was a good friend of Wang Bo, who lived in Chang 'an at that time. According to New Tang Book? In Biography of Wang Bo, Wang Bo made friends with Cao Yingyuan and learned many medical secrets from Cao Yingyuan. Therefore, in Preface to the Eighty-one Difficult Classics of the Yellow Emperor, he revealed the genealogical order of the inheritance of medical ethics: Zibo → Huangdi → Li Jiu → Yi Yin → Shang Tang → Li Liu → Jiang Taigong → Wang Wen → Li Jiu → Yihe → Li Liu → Bian Que → Li Jiushi → Huahua.
Chinese medicine is a "Taoist doctor"
Huangdi Neijing explains the theory of human body medicine with "Yin-Yang and Five Elements", which is called medical way, and it is a bible for curing diseases and keeping in good health. Laozi's Tao Te Ching is a bible centered on Tao, which explains the operation of the universe and repairs the chain for Taoism. Together, they constitute the core of Taoism.
(1) Treatment, health and chain repair
According to the level of Taoism, the lower level is divination and geomantic omen (a road), the middle level is healing (a medical road), and the upper level is chain training (a road).
(1) processing
Most people who practiced monasticism in ancient times also studied medical skills, because the principle of medical Taoism and chain cultivation are interlinked; Besides, practicing medicine can not only help the world and save people, but also accumulate virtue and do good deeds. Many famous ancient doctors practiced monasticism, including Ge Hong, Tao Hongjing, Yang, Yang Shangshan, Sun Simiao,,, Liu, Cui, Li Shizhen, Sun Yikui, Zhang Jingyue, Fu Qingzhu and Chen Shiduo. It is also because chain training can better understand the principles of heaven, earth and man, thus creating great medical achievements.
(2) Health preservation
Treating a disease is to treat the "already sick" and to treat the "not sick" with higher ability (work); Health preservation is to make people live longer, and it is a necessary stage to enter the chain repair. "Su Wen. Ancient naive theory has the following two points for Taoist health preservation:
The way of keeping in good health: harmony of yin and yang, paying equal attention to form and spirit.
The human body is composed of form (tangible) and profound (intangible), and health care must pay equal attention to form and spirit. The principle of Taoism is yin and yang. Lao Tzu said, "Everything is negative and holds yang, and it is harmonious." (Tao Te Ching? Chapter 42) The human body is also composed of Yin and Yang, and health preservation is to reconcile Yin and Yang of the human body. So "Su Wen? In ancient times, the theory of innocence said: "Those who know it are in yin and yang, and the plan of counting is in diet and daily life, so they can live with God and die."
2. The way of keeping in good health: recharge your batteries, and keep your heart clean.
Taoism calls the body "smelly skin", which is acquired; The essence of Taoist health preservation is to maintain innate qi, and health preservation should focus on spiritual cultivation (abstinence from desire, emphasis on morality and truthfulness). So "Su Wen? The ancient theory of innocence said: "If you are indifferent, the true qi will follow, and the spirit will be hidden inside. Is it safe?" It is based on leisure, less desire, peace of mind without fear, perseverance, obedience and desire, and each has his own place. Therefore, eating is beautiful. Let it serve, enjoy its vulgarity and compete with each other. Its people are so simple. Therefore, lust can't satisfy people's eyes, lust can't confuse people's hearts, and fools and wise men are not afraid of things, so it conforms to the Tao. Therefore, people who can live to 100 years old and keep exercising are not dangerous because of morality. "
(3) Chain repair: Taoist chain repair becomes a real person.
Taoist chain training is to cultivate a real person, and the essence of its chain training is "refining qi, refining spirit, refining spirit and restoring emptiness, and refining emptiness and uniting Taoism." By repairing the chain, the tangible essence will be transformed into intangible substances with higher energy (qi, spirit and air), that is, tangible will be transformed into intangible. "Su Wen? The Theory of Ancient Naivety describes in detail the real people who get the Tao by practicing the Taoist chain, that is, "lifting heaven and earth, grasping yin and yang, breathing the qi of * * *, keeping their spirit independent and their muscles unchanged, so they can live a long life and never end." "
You can become a real person by refining emptiness and practicing Tao, and the real person and Tao are one. Zhuangzi said: "A Taoist ... is born. ..... born, not long, longer than ancient, not old. " ("South China Classic? Heaven and earth are born of Tao, and real people make a contract with Tao, so real people can master heaven and earth and live longer than them. Because the real person can be integrated with the Tao and can be made into an "invisible" body. If there is an "invisible" body, there will be no "visible" pain, so it is painless and can "live a long life."
According to legend, the Yellow Emperor paid a visit to Guang (a Taoist real person) in Kongtong Mountain, and gave him the seal of the Confucian classics. After that, the Yellow Emperor devoted himself to monasticism. At the age of 120, he became immortal, and Lapras ascended to heaven during the day. The Yellow Emperor was the first person in the history of China to ascend to heaven, so he was honored as the ancestor of Taoism, and he was also called "Huang Lao" with Laozi.
(2) the "imperial doctor" has a "miracle"
Many famous doctors in ancient times practiced monasticism, because Taoism has a complete set of principles of treating diseases, preserving health and repairing chains, and its special functions can be repaired by repairing chains, so there have been many "miracles", among which Bian Que and Hua Tuo are the most famous "miraculous doctors".
(1) Bian Que's The Art of Cave Wall and Hua Tuo's Eye of God.
(1) Bian Que's cave wall art:
In the Ming Dynasty, Sun Yikui put forward the special functions of Bian Que and Hua Tuo as evidence when demonstrating the invisibility of the triple energizer in the Medical Purpose. At that time, the theory of "three jiao as well as one's hand" was popular in the medical field of the Southern Song Dynasty. Sun Yikui quoted the historical records of Bian Que's "the skill of cave wall" (looking at zang-fu organs by dividing the wall) to refute it. Why didn't Bian Que say it was as big as the palm of his hand, but "invisible qi"?
② Hua Tuo's "Eye of God":
Sun Yikui also quoted He Yuyang as saying: "Pass on Hua Tuo's eyes and put people naked in Japan and China, so as to see their internal organs, so as to be praised by future generations." There are also many murders in the Three Kingdoms, and Hua Tuo's medicine is not well thought out. Is there any triple energizer left behind but not taken away? "Hua tuo's ability to see through zang-fu organs is as good as Bian Que's. There was a war in the Three Kingdoms, and many people died. If there is a triple focus as big as the palm of your hand, Hua Tuo will definitely say it and draw it in the inside photo. Why did Hua Tuo, like Bian Que, say that three contacts are invisible?
(2) Bian Que and Hua Tuo's "Operation"
Liezi (written by Lieyukou during the Warring States Period, Liezi is a Taoist real person) once recorded Bian Que's "Changing Hearts", in which two living people (Gong Hu and Qi Ying) exchanged hearts, but after the successful heart exchange, they went to the wrong house. Gong Hu returned to Qi Ying's home, which caused a dispute and was reported to the government. Later, Bian Que told the story. The History of the Three Kingdoms and the History of the Later Han Dynasty both recorded the miracle of Hua Tuo's abdominal operation. He anesthetized the patient with Mafeisan first, and then performed laparotomy, intestinal incision, tumor removal (accumulation), suture and ointment application.
(3) Zhang's Qimxy
Zhang (a clean old man) once told Zhang Jifu (an old man in Lanquan) that he had a strange dream. One night, while Zhang was sleeping, someone opened his mind with an axe and chisel, and then put it into several volumes of books. When he saw the title of the book, he suddenly woke up and felt like a knife. He thought it was unlucky, so he was afraid to tell anyone. However, since then, Zhang knew all about the knowledge of Huangdi, Qi Bo, and created the theory of the rise and fall of traditional Chinese medicine and the return to the meridian. This was revealed by Zhang Jifu when he prefaced the Origin of Medicine.
Traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China was quite developed.
Why did Bian Que and Hua Tuo, the ancient "imperial doctors" in China, have a "miracle" to cure diseases? This problem is really sharp, but it is a very key problem of Chinese medicine. There are many profound things in Taoism, which are taught by mouth and heart. Although it is mentioned in the scriptures, it is not clear that it is difficult for outsiders to see the mystery, so it is called the secret of the secret.
(1) In ancient China, Chinese medicine basically had special functions.
In ancient China, many famous doctors were Taoist priests, so they were able to practice special functions, so it was quite common to show "miracles" when treating diseases.
(2) Hua Tuo saw a tumor in Cao Cao's brain and wanted to open the skull to take it out. Why does Hua Tuo know? He saw that this is our special function, and all big doctor had this ability in the past.
(3) The ancient medicine in China was quite developed, far exceeding the present medicine.
There are many chapters in Huangdi Neijing that discuss the "invisibility" of human body, such as qi, qi and qi. These are invisible to the naked eye, they are seen with the eye of heaven, and they are not imagined or invented out of thin air. These are the essence of traditional Chinese medicine, and modern medicine can't surpass them. Unfortunately, modern Chinese medicine does not understand it, but criticizes it and abandons it.
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Ancient doctors had a "miracle" in treating diseases because Chinese medicine was a sacred culture. "God-hand culture" is mainly reflected in two aspects: (1) the tangible medical theory of medical Taoism is handed down by God; (2) the intangible connotation of medical Taoism embodies the "miraculous effect" (special function) of chain repair, because Chinese medicine is Taoist medicine, and Taoism is based on Taoism from treatment, health preservation to chain repair. Through Qi Bo and his ancestors, the Yellow Emperor was taught by God, and later he was trained as a Taoist through Yin Fu Jing. This is the best proof of Chinese medicine's legendary culture.
Modern Chinese medicine inherits only skin (prescription and experience), and regards the essence of Chinese medicine (medical way) as superstition, so it can't show miraculous effect in treating diseases. What's more, modern Chinese medicine abandons the inherent medical way (Huangdi Neijing) and respects the research methods of modern western medicine as the standard, which has been lost.