Pronunciation: [龤龤 n]
Interpretation: driving cold and heating.
Ancient methods of dispelling cold and warming.
It is cold in winter, and heating facilities such as air conditioning and heating have now entered thousands of households. Warm and fashionable winter clothes wrap people, and today's winter is no longer difficult. Looking back at history, how did the ancients spend the winter and how did they keep warm?
Fire pit, firewall, fireplace for heating. The main heating facilities in ancient times were fire pits, fire walls, fireplaces and stoves. Fire pits and firewalls are the oldest and simplest heating methods. Fireplace is a facility that integrates cooking and heating. It can not only absorb the oxygen blown in from the outside to help burn, but also block the cold wind blown in from the door in winter. A fire wall is a tube made of ceramic tiles, which is wrapped in the wall and connected to the stove for heating. The firewall consists of three parts: furnace, firewall and chimney. The hot flue gas flows in the wall for a long time and gives off a lot of heat evenly. The chimney is the smoke exhaust passage of the firewall, the stove of the firewall can cook, and the hot smoke is heated through the firewall. The hearth of the fireplace is urn-shaped, with large heat dissipation area. There is a ash pit in front of the furnace mouth, and a charcoal can is used to store charcoal on one side of the furnace. The fuel of the fireplace is charcoal, which has a small flame, but it burns for a long time, which can keep the indoor temperature stable for a long time.
Pepper wall for heating. In ancient times, Zanthoxylum bungeanum was regarded as a kind of cold-proof and warm-keeping material, and it was mashed and muddied to make wall insulation layer. There are magnificent tapestries hanging on the wall of the pepper room temple with such insulation layer, thick blankets on the ground, fire (mica) screens and curtains made of goose feathers. At that time, ordinary aristocratic families had similar rooms, and the royal family was no exception. "Han Gong Yi" said: "The queen called the pepper room, painted the room with pepper, and warmed the room to eliminate evil." It can be seen that the pepper wall can not only ward off evil spirits, but also be a method of heating in ancient times.
Brazier and stove for heating. In ancient times, there was no modern heating equipment. In addition to braziers, the main heating tools are various stoves, among which hand stoves, foot stoves and smoke stoves are commonly used in ancient winter. A hand stove is a small stove used to warm hands. It is exquisite and varied in shape. It is filled with charcoal or kitchen waste ash with residual heat, and the stove is covered. Hand stoves can also be placed in sleeves to warm hands, called hand warmers and fire cages. In addition to charcoal ash for heating, some spices and medicinal materials will be put in the hand stove, which has gradually become a work of art for nobles, and the materials and workmanship are becoming more and more exquisite. The foot stove is bigger than the hand stove. It is a flat bottle made of tin or copper, which contains hot water, similar to the current warm water bag, and is mainly used for licking feet. The foot stove can be carried around and put on the bed, also called "foot woman", "soup woman" and "soup woman". The fuming furnace is actually a charcoal fire basin with a cover, which is divided into two parts. The lower part is the basin and the upper part is the cover, which is hollowed out to make a flower pattern. Palaces are generally made of copper with exquisite craftsmanship, and most people are made of iron and mud.